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Biomedical subjects

H Kitajima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kitajima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with marrow eosinophilia showing 5q- and 16q22 mosaicism.

We report an 82-year-old Japanese female with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with dysplastic marrow eosinophilia (FAB M4Eo) exhibiting a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5)(q13q31) and a derivative chromosome 16 with a breakpoint at band 16q22, in addition to 5q-. The patient had a history of a preleukemic phase for several months with marked dysplasia in trilineage marrow cells, in addition to leukemic features compatible with M4Eo. These findings strongly suggested that the leukemic cells in this case were derived from a preleukemic clone with a del(5q).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Interleukin-8 in cord sera: a sensitive and specific marker for the detection of preterm chorioamnionitis.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) exerts chemotactic activity on neutrophils at inflammatory sites to eliminate invading bacteria. To investigate whether the preterm fetus with chorioamnionitis produces IL-8, the titers of IL-8 were examined in sera of babies with (n = 38) and without chorioamnionitis (n = 34) using an EIA kit specific for IL-8. The infected babies had a significantly higher IL-8 titer than those not infected at 22-36 gestational weeks. The IL-8 titer was increased even in the mild histologic stage of chorioamnionitis and became much higher in the more severe stage. The IL-8 elevation, however, was remarkably suppressed by infusion of a steroid into the mother to promote fetal lung maturation. This retrospective study demonstrated that titration of IL-8 in cord serum is a more useful marker for the early detection of chorioamnionitis, because of its higher sensitivity and specificity, than conventional markers such as C-reactive protein.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

BUN/Cr ratio as an index of gastrointestinal bleeding mass in children.

Determining the site and severity of blood loss is important in the management of children with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) were measured on the day of hospitalization and the ratio of BUN/Cr was calculated in 11 children with 16 episodes of upper GI bleeding and 49 with lower GI bleeding. There was a significant difference between the two GI bleeding groups with regard to BUN/Cr ratio (p less than 0.001). When the ratio was 30 or above, the specificity of upper GI bleeding was 98% with a sensitivity of 68.8%. A linear relationship was found between the BUN/Cr ratio and delta Hb (delta Hb = 0.08 x BUN/Cr +/- 0.8 g/dl) for bleeding originating from the upper GI tract. This study confirms that measurement of the BUN/Cr ratio is useful for localizing the source of bleeding to the upper GI tract and also demonstrates its usefulness as an estimation of the severity of blood loss from the upper GI tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio in various anemias in childhood].

The measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) with a hematofluorometer is known to be a simple and cost-effective method to screen iron deficiency and lead poisoning. We measured ZPP on blood samples from 201 children suffering from various diseases, which revealed that ZPP has better sensitivity and specificity for identifying iron deficiency than serum ferritin and percent transferrin saturation. ZPP levels in various anemias were also measured. ZPP rose markedly (> 200 mumol/mol heme) in untreated iron deficiency anemia and returned to normal in 3-4 months since the initiation of iron therapy. Moderate elevation of ZPP was observed in acute leukemia (at onset and during induction therapy), MDS, aplastic anemia and some other anemic conditions. These findings suggest that erythrocyte ferrochelatase may be unexpectedly affected in anemias even except lead poisoning.

Anemia↗
PubMed1991

Complement function and the synthesis of lung surfactant may be a regulation which preterm infants have in common.

The levels of CH50, the complement components, C1q, C4, and C3, C3 degradation fragments, and factor B were determined in the cord blood of 128 newborn infants. The levels of C3, C4, and C3d3 (an index of chronic in vivo complement activation) were clearly lower in the 28 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) than in the infants with other lung diseases or with normal lungs. CH50 and factor B levels were also low in RDS. Levels of C1q and other serum components in RDS infants were similar to the average levels in other infants without RDS at a corresponding gestational age. Lung surfactant is synthesized in alveolar type 2 cells, in which the complement components C4, C3, and factor B, but not C1q, have been reported to be synthesized. It seems possible that common factors regulate the synthesis of some complement components and surfactant.

Complement C1q↗
PubMed1991

[Primary myelofibrosis transforming into multiple subcutaneous monoblastoma--a case report].

A 83-year-old man was diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis based on the presence of leukoerythroblastosis, splenomegaly, chromosome 46 XY, a dry tap bone marrow aspiration and fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, when he was admitted for herpes zoster in June 1987. He was admitted for a second time with multiple subcutaneous tumors over his entire body in July, 1989. He had mild splenomegaly, but no hepatomegaly nor lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests were as follows: RBC 214 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 5.1 g/dl, Ht 17.7%, WBC 3,200/microliters with leukoerythroblastosis, platelets 11.6 x 10(4)/microliters, s-lysozyme 251 micrograms/ml, u-lysozyme 770 micrograms/ml, NAP ratio 98%, score 278. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked fibrosis. Histologic examination of subcutaneous tumor biopsy specimens revealed a diffuse infiltration of monocytes with flexuous nuclei. These cells were positive for alpha-naphtyl butyrate esterase stain, and negative for peroxidase, alpha-naphtol ASD chloroacetate esterase stain and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa stain (APAAP). Ultrastructurally, these cells were mostly monocytes and promonocytes, while phenotypically, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33 and HLA-DR were positive. These date indicated that the subcutaneous tumors originated from monocytes.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The ultrastructure and distribution of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex in platelet alpha-granules by cryo-ultramicrotomy.

Transformation upon mild stimulation and the ultrastructure of blood platelet alpha-granules were examined using cryo-ultramicrotomy. An ultrastructural study found not only round, but also elongated and drumstick-shaped alpha-granules and rod-like structures protruding from round alpha-granules. Some elongated alpha-granules showed distinctive cross-striations in the short axis with a periodicity in the order of 19-22 nm. Gold particle-labeled fibrinogen (Fbg) was observed on elongated alpha-granules having cross-striations. Electron-dense nucleoids were observed on some round alpha-granules. An electron-dense nucleoid, intermediate zone, and an electron-lucent matrix were noted in round alpha-granules by gold particle-labeled Fbg in the intermediate zone. Gold particle-labeled von Willebrand factor (vWF) was observed in alpha-granules except in nucleoid zones. Labeling for Fbg was also observed in rod-like structures protruding from round alpha-granules. Gold particle-labeled glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex was observed on the inner face of alpha-granule membranes. A few elongated and drumstick-like alpha-granules were found on freshly fixed platelets. Elongated alpha-granules were only found in a small percentage of washed and collagen-stimulated platelets. Cryo-ultramicrotomy is useful for examination of the distribution of intracellular antigens.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1991

[Extremely low birth-weight infant with hydrocephalus; management of hydrocephalus using a miniature Ommaya's reservoir].

Use of the miniature Ommaya's reservoir in the treatment of extremely low birth-infant (under 1,000 mg) with hydrocephalus was studied in a series of five patients. The reservoir has a small-caliber with a 3 cm ventricular catheter. For these infants, this miniature Ommaya's reservoir is extremely useful for protection of the cortical mantle until a definitive procedure can be carried out after increase of body weight. The clinical course in five cases are summarized.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure↗
PubMed1990

Effect of amnionitis on the complement system of preterm infants.

The development of the complement system was studied by quantitation of total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), C1q, C3, C4, and C3 split product (C3d) in cord plasma of nine human fetuses (17-22 weeks of gestation), 110 preterm (24-36 weeks of gestation) and 30 term neonates. The complement levels were analyzed in relation to various illnesses of preterm infants. Histological examination of the placenta revealed a higher incidence of amnionitis in the placenta of less than 34 gestational weeks. In cases without amnionitis, there were significant correlations between complement levels and gestational age. In cases with amnionitis, the complement system was activated even in infants of less than 28 weeks gestation. The complement levels correlated with the extent of the inflammation in the placentas and umbilical cords except for C1q. In infants with Wilson-Mikity syndrome, complement levels other than C1q were significantly elevated in comparison with those of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In the group of preterm infants without amnionitis, no differences were found between infants with intrauterine growth retardation and those with growth appropriate for gestational age.

Chorioamnionitis↗
PubMed1990

Hemolysis of human erythrocytes under hydrostatic pressure is suppressed by cross-linking of membrane proteins.

The effects of cross-linking of membrane proteins on hemolysis of human erythrocytes under high pressure (2.0 kbar) were examined. The membrane proteins were cross-linked by oxidation of their SH-groups with diamide (0.05-0.5 mM) under different pressures (1-1,000 bar) at which no hemolysis occurs. As the pressure during diamide treatment was raised, the degree of hemolysis under 2.0 kbar and the quantity of cytoskeletal proteins extracted in a low ionic strength medium were gradually decreased. However, both values were increased by reduction with dithiothreitol. From the determination of membrane SH-groups, it was found that cross-linking of membrane proteins by diamide was accelerated under pressure. Only in erythrocytes treated with diamide under pressure were parts of spectrin and ankyrin, in addition to band 3 and band 4.2 proteins, extracted by using Triton X-100. One- and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE of membrane proteins showed that cross-linking of the membrane with cytoskeletal meshwork through linking proteins, in addition to that of membrane proteins themselves, was formed only in the diamide treatment under pressure. These results indicate that pressure-induced hemolysis is greatly suppressed by the supramolecular-weight polymers formed among membrane proteins, and that the high pressure technique is useful for cross-linking membrane proteins with diamide.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
PubMed1989

Chorioamnionitis and serum IgM in Wilson-Mikity syndrome.

A total of 753 infants weighing less than 1800 g at birth were studied prospectively and their serum IgM concentrations measured within 72 hours of age. Placentas from 584 of these infants were examined histologically for chorioamnionitis. The results were correlated with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Altogether 101 infants developed chronic respiratory insufficiency of which 22 had bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 35 Wilson-Mikity syndrome. The remaining 44 infants were classified as 'unexplained chronic lung disease'. Mean serum IgM concentration for Wilson-Mikity syndrome was 1.02 g/l whereas it was 0.14 g/l for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 0.32 g/l for unexplained chronic lung disease. The incidence of chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in Wilson-Mikity syndrome (30/35) compared with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4/16) and with infants without chronic respiratory insufficiency (145/490). Wilson-Mikity syndrome was shown to be significantly correlated with the evidences of intrauterine inflammation.

Chorioamnionitis↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of platelet surface conformation in thrombin-induced aggregation].

We used flow cytometry to investigate the change of platelet membrane glycoproteins (GPIb and GP IIb/IIIa) and the distributions of fibrinogen (Fbg), thrombospondin (TSP) and fibronectin (Fn) on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets. The binding of a monoclonal antibody directed at the von Willebrand factor binding site on GPIb decreased in thrombin-stimulated platelets. This antibody caused a reactive delay in thrombin-induced aggregation, but had little influence on aggregability. Slight thrombin-induced aggregation was observed even after blocking the binding of Fbg to GP II b/IIIa. The new expression of GP II b/IIIa was detected on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets, whereas there was little increase of Fbg dependent on this GP II b/IIIa. An increase of TSP after thrombin stimulation was observed on the surface of platelets of healthy controls and patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (Type I). The level of on platelet surface was slightly increased by thrombin stimulation. The mechanism involved in thrombin-induced aggregation appears to differ from that in ADP-induced aggregation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Exposure of fibrinogen-binding sites on stored platelets on stimulation by aggregating agents--an electron microscopic study.

We studied the function of stored platelets by immunoelectron microscopy. The distribution of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex was demonstrated by the binding of a monoclonal anti-GP IIb/IIIa complex antibody (NNKY1-32) to platelets, and the binding of fibrinogen to platelets by use of an anti-fibrinogen antibody. The binding of NNKY1-32 decreased significantly in unstimulated platelets after storage for 5 days. When platelet aggregation was tested, 5-day-stored platelets did not aggregate in the presence of either ADP or epinephrine alone (40 microM each) or in combination (8 microM each), but did aggregate on stimulation with the combination of collagen and epinephrine (1 micrograms/ml and 1 microM, respectively). The 5-day-stored platelets stimulated with the combination of ADP and epinephrine scarcely bound fibrinogen, but did bind NNKY1-32. On stimulation with collagen and epinephrine, a large amount of fibrinogen bound to the surface membrane of 3- and 5-day-stored platelets, and the binding of NNKY1-32 also increased, reaching the same level seen in stored platelets stimulated with ADP and epinephrine. Our analysis of stored platelets revealed that the binding of NNKY1-32 decreased after storage for 5 days, but the binding increased even with subaggregating stimulation. The binding of fibrinogen correlated well with the rate of maximal platelet aggregation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Mouse strain differences in the induction of micronuclei by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in 3 inbred mouse strains and 2 of their hybrids (C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2, BDF1 and CDF1) were examined after polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) and anthracene (ANT] were injected i.p. PAHs are thought to form active metabolites after being administered to mammals. In mouse strains with inducible PAH activating enzymes, such as C57BL/6 or BALB/c, MNE were significantly induced, as compared to control mice, 48 h after DMBA, BaP, or 3-MC was injected. No increase in the frequency of MNE occurred in the DBA/2 strain which cannot induce the activating enzymes. BeP and ANT did not increase the frequency of MNE in any mouse used. The levels of MNE induction in BDF1 or CDF1 hybrids were similar to those in C57BL/6 or BALB/c. These results support the view that the genetic capacity to metabolize PAHs is strongly associated with micronucleus induction as in the case of PAH carcinogenesis.

Animals↗