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H Koenig

Publications and source records attributed to H Koenig.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Clinical aspects, epidemiology and economic impact of foot epidermomycosis in an industrial milieu].

Fungal infections of the feet are very common in some professions. This has been particularly studied in coal mine workers up to 50 p. 100 of whom were found to have dermatophytosis of the feet. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, epidemiological and evolutive characteristics of interdigital and plantar intertrigo of the feet among people working in a coking plant, a potash mine and a motorcar factory. We have also evaluated the cost of treatments in relation to their immediate effectiveness and their preventive effects on relapses. Initially, 208 workers entered the study: 84 (40.7 p. 100) had a mycotic infection (M) and 124 (59.3 p. 100) presented with a non-mycotic (NM) inflammation between the toes and on the soles, characterized by maceration of the skin, hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis. Change in the lesions under treatment were subjected to statistical analysis. In both M and NM groups the workers were allocated by randomization to a double-blind treatment consisting of: group M: either 2 p. 100 miconazole powder or talcum powder with 2 p. 100 salicylic acid and boric acid; group NM: either 2 p. 100 miconazole powder or ordinary talcum powder. Each subject was seen on at least two occasions after 3 and 12 months of daily foot care and topical treatment. Mycological examinations in group M subjects showed that fungal infections of the feet were primarily due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes or to Trichophyton rubrum. A logistic regression analysis (BMDPLR program) of anamnestic and clinical data (table IV) led to a "mathematical model of the mycotic foot", characterized by 6 main parameters of statistically significant occurrence: a history of interdigital-plantar intertrigo, recurrent in 90 p. 100 of subjects in group M (significant association at 0.1 p. 100); a functional symptom, pruritus, present in 71 p. 100 of subjects with mycosis; the stronger, more disturbing the pruritus, the greater the probability of it being of fungal origin (significant association at 0.1 p. 100); 4 physical signs: lack of maceration (0.1 p. 100), lesions limited to the interdigital spaces and respecting the soles (0.1 p. 100), presence of interdigital fissures (0.5 p. 100) and vesiculation (2.5 p. 100). When the respective diagnostic values of these elementary symptoms were considered, it appeared that their various combinations might have predictive values which could be calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1986

Blood-brain barrier breakdown by cold injury. Polyamine signals mediate acute stimulation of endocytosis, vesicular transport, and microvillus formation in rat cerebral capillaries.

Polyamines have been previously implicated in the mediation of blood-brain barrier breakdown induced by cryogenic injury (H Koenig, AD Goldstone, CY Lu, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 116:1039, 1983). We studied acute (less than 5 minute) changes in capillary ultrastructure, microvascular permeability, and the levels of polyamines and their rate regulating synthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in rat cerebral cortex after focal cold injury. Microvascular permeability was measured by relative transport of intravenously administered fluorescein. Capillary ultrastructure was studied by quantitative stereology and morphometry after intravenous administration of horseradish peroxidase. Focal cold injury induced a 2.5-, 3.8-, 1.7-, and 1.4-fold increase in the levels of ODC, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and a 46-fold increase in fluorescein uptake in perilesional cortex. Few capillaries in control cortex contained endocytic pits or horseradish peroxidase-positive vesicles, whereas most capillaries near lesions showed these structures. Cryoinjury induced a 5-fold increase in the relative volume of microvilli and horseradish peroxidase vesicles, a 2.3-fold increase in area of luminal endocytic pits, and a 6.3-fold increase in area of abluminal exocytic pits. The ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine blocked the cryoinjury-induced changes in ODC, polyamines, fluorescein uptake, and capillary ultrastructure. Putrescine negated the effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine or capillary ultrastructure, and was previously shown to nullify the alpha-difluoromethylornithine effects on polyamines and fluorescein permeability (cited above). These data link rapid changes in ODC and polyamines to blood-brain barrier breakdown, and suggest that the abnormal permeability is associated with an acute, polyamine-mediated stimulation of microvillus formation, endocytosis, and vesicular transport in capillary endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Polyamines appear to be second messengers in mediating Ca2+ fluxes and neurotransmitter release in potassium-depolarized synaptosomes.

High potassium (50 mM) depolarization induces a rapid (less than 15 sec) increase in the levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine and their rate-regulating synthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. The ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine blocked the K+-stimulated increase in enzyme activity and polyamines and also suppressed the increase in 45Ca2+ influx and efflux and the Ca2+-dependent release of GABA and norepinephrine. Added putrescine attenuated or negated the effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine. These results suggest that enhanced polyamine synthesis is required for potassium depolarized stimulation of synaptic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Association of increased polyamine levels with isoproterenol-stimulated mucin secretion in the rat submandibular gland.

Incubation of rat submandibular gland slices with 50 microM isoproterenol for 10-40 min stimulated mucin secretion and induced a 3- to 4-fold increase in tissue concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, suppressed the isoproterenol-induced increase in submandibular polyamines and inhibited mucin secretion. Exogenous putrescine restored tissue polyamine levels and partially reversed the inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on mucin secretion. Rapid increases in polyamine levels appear to mediate isoproterenol-stimulated mucin secretion in the rat submandibular gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Isolated renal aspergillosis in a leukemic boy].

The authors described a 6 years old boy suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated by the B.F.M. protocol who presented during intensive chemotherapy period a aspergillus renal abscess apparently unique. During the postoperative period the evolution was progressively favorable under prolonged anti-fungal treatment. The different clinical features, the non facilities of diagnosis and the mean possibility of treatment in aspergillus infection in immunodeficient patients are reviewed.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1984

Identification of the hereditary pyropoikilocytosis carrier state.

We evaluated the hematologic, rheologic, and biochemical features of erythrocytes obtained from 10 relatives of a 5-yr-old black female with hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and severe hemolytic anemia. Erythrocyte morphology was normal in the father and five other relatives, but ghost mechanical fragility and drug-induced red cell endocytosis were increased, as was the percentage of spectrin dimers noted on 3.2% nondenaturing PAGE of spectrin extracts. Identical changes were also noted in the mother and her sister, whose erythrocytes were elliptocytic and exhibited morphological changes upon heating to 45 degrees-48 degrees C (normal 49 degrees). The two other family members were normal in every respect. SDS-PAGE analysis of membrane proteins demonstrated diminished amounts of spectrin in HPP erythrocytes, but was normal in other family members. A diffuse band (mol wt 575,000-665,000), composed entirely of spectrin, was apparent adjacent to the dimer region on nondenaturing PAGE of spectrin extracts from the propositus, mother, and aunt. In this family, HPP appears to have resulted from compound heterozygosity for two distinct genetic abnormalities (reflected by the differences between elliptocytic and nonelliptocytic carriers). Although the membrane abnormalities in carriers did not result in hemolytic anemia, they were of sufficient magnitude to allow the detection of the carrier state.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blood brain barrier breakdown in brain edema following cold injury is mediated by microvascular polyamines.

A focal freeze injury to rat cerebral cortex induces an early (less than 5 min) increase in brain ornithine decarboxylase activity and an accumulation of polyamines involving cerebral microvessels. This polyamine synthesis correlates with the abnormal increase in microvascular permeability, monitored by uptake of Evans Blue and sod. fluorescein. The ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine suppressed the injury-induced increment in spermidine and spermine and microvascular permeability. Putrescine nullified alpha-difluoromethylornithine inhibition and restored microvessel spermidine and spermine and the pathological increase in microvascular permeability. These results indicate that polyamine synthesis is obligatory for blood-brain barrier breakdown. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine may be useful in the treatment of vasogenic brain edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Beta-adrenergic stimulation evokes a rapid, Ca2+-dependent stimulation of endocytosis, hexose and amino acid transport associated with increased Ca2+ fluxes in mouse kidney cortex.

The beta-adrenergic agonist 1-isoproterenol evokes an acute (less than 5 min) stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport and amino acid transport, measured by the temperature-sensitive uptake of HRP, 3H-DG and 14C-AIB, in mouse kidney cortex slices. This stimulation is concentration dependent and is maximal at 10(-8)-10(-7) M isoproterenol. Peroxidase cytochemistry showed that the hormonal increase in HRP uptake is confined to proximal tubules. The rapid membrane response is abolished in a calcium-free medium and by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, indicating Ca2+- and beta-adrenoreceptor-dependence. Isoproterenol (1 microM) rapidly (less than 30 sec) stimulates the influx and efflux of 45Ca in cortex slices. Isoproterenol also decreased mitochondrial 45Ca and increased soluble 45Ca. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic stimulation of membrane transport functions involves an increased influx of extracellular calcium and a mobilization of intracellular (mitochondrial) calcium. An increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration appears to be the regulatory signal for these membrane transport processes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Androgenic stimulation of endocytosis, amino acid and hexose transport in mouse kidney cortex involves increased calcium fluxes.

Testosterone was previously shown to induce an early (less than 1 min) receptor-dependent stimulation of endocytosis, hexose and amino acid transport in mouse kidney cortex (Koenig, H., Goldstone, A. and Lu, C.Y. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 104, 165-172). Testosterone (10(-8) M) has now been found to stimulate rapidly (less than 30 s) the influx and efflux of 45Ca2+ in cortex slices. Testosterone also decreased mitochondrial 45Ca and augmented soluble 45Ca, indicating a mobilization of intracellular calcium. Incubation of cortex slices in calcium-free medium without or with 2.5 mM EGTA decreased basal endocytosis, hexose and amino acid transport and blocked the hormonal response. 100 microM verapamil blocked the hormonal response without affecting basal transport. The calcium ionophore A23187 rapidly stimulated endocytosis, hexose and amino acid transport. These data indicate that androgenic stimulation of membrane transport functions involves an increased influx of extracellular calcium and a mobilization of intracellular calcium. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ is probably the regulatory signal for these transport processes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Beta-adrenergic stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport in mouse kidney cortex is mediated by polyamine synthesis.

We recently found that the beta-adrenergic agonist 1-isoproterenol evokes a rapid (less than 5 min) Ca2+- and receptor-dependent stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport in mouse renal cortex involving proximal tubule cells. This response is associated with increased Ca2+ fluxes and a mobilization of mitochondrial calcium, suggesting that stimulus-response (stimulus-"transport") coupling is mediated by cytosolic Ca2+. We show here that 1 microM isoproterenol evokes a rapid (less than 60 sec) transient increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase followed by an early (less than 2 min) sustained increase in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine concentrations in mouse kidney cortex slices in vitro. Small doses of isoproterenol (down to 24 nmol/kg) elicited a rapid (less than 2 min) increase in polyamines in vivo. The ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (5 mM) suppressed the testosterone-induced increase in polyamine levels and rates of endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport, measured by horseradish peroxidase, [14C]aminoisobutyric acid, and deoxy[3H]glucose uptake. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine also blocked the isoproterenol-induced increase in 45Ca influx and efflux and 45Ca redistribution; 0.5 mM putrescine nullified alpha-difluoromethylornithine inhibition and restored the increment in polyamines, 45Ca fluxes, endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport. These data implicate polyamine synthesis in isoproterenol stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes and membrane transport processes and support a model for signal transduction and stimulus-response coupling in which ornithine decarboxylase activation and polyamine synthesis play a pivotal role in regulating Ca2+ fluxes. In this model the polyamines generate local Ca2+ signals by stimulating Ca2+ influx or mobilizing intracellular calcium (or both) through a cation exchange reaction.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Semilunar disease].

In a multicenter study involving the five Orthopaedic Services of the COC, 57 patients with Kienböck's disease were reviewed 90% were treated surgically. The most common operations were ulna lengthening (30 cases) and lunate resection (11 cases). The most frequent indications or surgery were pain and stiffness of the wrist. Radiological changes are classified according to Decoulx. For evaluating post-operative radiological changes, however, the authors use different criteria ulna lengthening and lunate resection improved pain and mobility in 75% of cases. This study shows that lunate resection is a valid operation in the treatment of Kienböck's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Testosterone-mediated sexual dimorphism of the rodent heart. Ventricular lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell growth are modulated by androgens.

The ventricular myocardium was studied in A/J mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. In male mice, the ventricles were slightly larger and the specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and arylsulphatase, and the inner mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase were substantially higher than in female mice. Orchiectomy abolished this sex difference. Testosterone administration induced myocardial hypertrophy and accretion of RNA and protein without altering the DNA, and substantial increases in the activities of the lysosomal hydrolases and cytochrome c oxidase. However, the mitochondrial membrane enzyme monoamine oxidase was unaffected by sex, orchiectomy, and testosterone administration. Heart lysosomes from male mice showed a smaller structure-linked latency of the lysosomal enzymes and a greater fragility of the lysosomal membrane to osmotic and mechanical stress than those from female mice. This sex difference was also abolished by orchiectomy and restored by testosterone replacement. Similar sex differences were observed in the rat with respect to heart size, acid hydrolase activities, and lysosomal enzyme latency and membrane stability. These findings indicate that endogenous androgens regulate myocardial cell growth, the activity of enzymes associated with lysosomes and the inner mitochondrial membrane, and some physiochemical properties of lysosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Glucocorticoids and aspirin inhibit and cyproterone acetate enhances the androgenic response in mouse kidney.

Glucocorticoids and aspirin antagonize the androgenic response in mouse kidney, but not in ventral prostate or seminal vesicles. These agents impeded the testosterone-mediated increase in kidney weight, cytochrome c oxidase, and lysosomal hydrolases and urinary excretion of lysosomal hydrolases and proteins. They also attenuated the testosterone-induced decrease in enzyme latency and membrane stability of kidney lysosomes. In contrast, the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate is weakly androgenic in kidney and potentiates testosterone-induced lysosomal enzymuria and proteinuria (synandrogenic effect).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Androgens regulate cell growth, lysosomal hydrolases and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in mouse aorta.

The aorta in male mice shows higher activities of several lysosomal hydrolases and of cytochrome c oxidase, an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme, than in female mice. Orchiectomy abolishes this sex difference, whereas testosterone administration induces an accretion of RNA and protein and elevated activities of lysosomal hydrolases and cytochrome c oxidase. However, the outer mitochondrial membrane enzyme monoamine oxidase is unaffected by sex, orchiectomy or testosterone. Thus, androgens regulate cell growth and enzymes associated with lysosomes and the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Androgens↗