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Biomedical subjects

H Koffler

Publications and source records attributed to H Koffler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in low-birth-weight infants: treatment by serial lumbar punctures.

We have performed weekly computed tomographic brain scans on 28 surviving low-birth-weight infants with cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and acute ventricular dilatation. Evolving hydrocephalus was observed in 15 infants. Twelve of the 15 infants were treated by removing large volumes of cerebrospinal fluid with serial lumbar punctures. Arrest in the progression of hydrocephalus was evident in 11 of the 12. Clinical hydrocephalus requiring surgical intervention occurred in one of the treated infants and in all three untreated infants. No complications of serial lumbar punctures were noted, whereas shunt-related morbidity was 100%. Our results suggest that serial lumbar punctures are effective in arresting the development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm.

We have performed brain scanning by computed tomography on 46 consecutive live-born infants whose birth weights were less than 1,500 gm; 20 of them had evidence of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage. Nine of the 29 infants who survived had IVH. Four grades of IVH were identified. Grade I and II lesions resolved spontaneously, but there was prominence of the interhemispheric fissue on CT of the infants at six months of age. Hydrocephalus developed in infants with Grade III and IV lesions. Seven of the surviving infants with IVH did not have clinical evidence of hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between the infants with and without IVH in birth weight, gestational age, one- and five-minute Apgar scores, or the need for resuscitation at birth or for subsequent respiratory assistance.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1978

Relationship of intravenous sodium bicarbonate infusions and cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage.

The incidence of cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage was determined by computed tomography in 100 infants with birth weights less than or equal to 1,500 gm. A comparison of IVH with serum sodium concentrations and the amount of intravenous sodium bicarbonate administered did not reveal a significant relationship. Analysis of the method of infusion of sodium bicarbonate indicated that the rapid infusion of hyperosmolar (M to M/12) sodium bicarbonate is associated with a significantly increased incidence of IVH.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1975

Parathyroid function in infants of diabetic mothers.

Serum parathyroid hormone and total and ionized Ca, Mg, and P levels were determined serially from birth to 96 hr of age in 28 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM, 15 Class A, 13 Class B, C, D) and their respective mothers at the time of delivery. In spite of marked decreases in concentrations of serum total and ionized Ca from birth to 24 to 48 hr, there was an insignificant increase in serum PTH values over this period in infants of insulin-dependent mothers. Infants of Class A diabetic mothers had an equivocal PTH response. Nineteen term control infants were similarly examined and had a significant increase in serum PTH postnatally. Relatively higher values of serum ionized Ca at birth in IDM were followed by greater decreases in ionized Ca from birth to 24-48 hr of age, and by decreased neonatal parathyroid function. The data support functional hypoparathyroidism as a basis for the hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia of IDM. It is speculated that increased concentrations of serum ionized Ca in utero and suppression of activity in the fetal parathyroid glands may be a cause for the functional hypoparathyroidism.

Blood↗
PubMed1973

Regulation of flagellar morphogenesis by temperature: involvement of the bacterial cell surface in the synthesis of flagellin and the flagellum.

When cells of Proteus vulgaris were transferred from 37 to 42 C, a temperature at which they continue to grow almost optimally, they ceased to form flagella after approximately one generation time. This failure was due to a lesion in the flagellin-synthesizing process rather than the inability of these cells to assemble the organelle from constituents once formed. After transfer back to 37 C, these cells regained their ability to synthesize flagellin and form flagella, after one generation. When added during this period, chloramphenicol, rifampin, or penicillin prevented the synthesis of flagellin. The regeneration of the organelle at 37 C, then, requires growth for one generation, a period during which not only ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis, but also the presence of an intact cell envelope or concurrent synthesis of cell wall, are required.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Differentiation within the bacterial flagellum and isolation of the proximal hook.

Purified and crude flagellar isolates from cells of Bacillus pumilus NRS 236 were treated with acid, alcohol, acid-alcohol, or heat, and were examined electron microscopically in negatively stained and shadow-cast preparations. Under certain conditions, each of these agents causes the flagella to break between the proximal hooks and the spiral filaments. In such preparations, filaments are seen in various stages of disintegration, whereas hooks of fairly constant length retain their integrity and morphological identity. When crude isolates of flagella are treated under these conditions, the hooks remain attached to membrane fragments or bear basal material. These findings substantiate previous structural observations that led to the view that the proximal hook is a distinct part of the bacterial flagellum and further confirm that the hook is tightly associated with basal material and the cytoplasmic membrane. It appears that the hook is a polarly oriented structure, and that the interactions between the hook and the basal material or the cytoplasmic membrane are different from those between the hook and the filamentous portion of the organelle. Moreover, both types of interaction apparently differ still from those by which the flagellin subunits are held together in the flagellar filament. Hooks were isolated by exploiting the differences in relative stability shown by the various morphological regions of the bacterial flagellum.

Bacillus↗