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Biomedical subjects

H Kollberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Kollberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Peroral immunotherapy with yolk antibodies for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections.

Oral administration of specific antibodies is an attractive approach to establish protective immunity against gastrointestinal pathogens in humans and animals. The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria emphasize the need to find alternatives to antibiotics. Immunotherapy can also be used against pathogens that are difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Laying hens are very good producers of specific antibodies. After immunization, the specific antibodies are transported to the egg yolk from which the antibodies then can be purified. A laying hen produces more than 20 g of yolk antibodies (IgY) per year. These antibodies also have biochemical properties that make them attractive for peroral immunotherapy: They neither activate mammalian complement nor interact with mammalian Fc receptors that could mediate inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. Eggs are also normal dietary components and thus there is practically no risk of toxic side effects of IgY. Yolk antibodies have been shown in several studies to prevent bacterial and viral infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Further clarification of functional issues in cystic fibrosis. Current research and future prospects].

First rate collaboration between clinicians and research scientists in a multiplicity of fields have brought new hope to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The gene, mutations of which give rise to the disease, has been exhaustively mapped, and the functional defects are becoming steadily clearer. Diagnosis is continually being improved and simplified. Neonatal screening has been introduced in many countries and has yielded good results. Promising new advances in treatment include inhalatory DNase (deoxyribonuclease), lung and liver transplantation, UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) against cirrhosis, and in vitro fertilisation for men with CF. Pseudomonas species are being combatted more and more effectively with new antibiotics, with immunoglobulins (IgY) for prophylaxis, and possibly new vaccines to come. Future treatment strategies, designed to correct anomalies of cellular biology, are already undergoing clinical trials, and gene therapy using a variety of vectors is undergoing phase-1 trials. A definitive cure remains a realistic hope.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Cystic fibrosis--an ancient disease with renewed topicality. History and clinical practice].

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a general exocrinopathy chiefly characterised by airway and nutritional symptoms, though several other organ systems may also be affected. Intensive collaboration between clinicians and research scientists has enabled great advances to be made in our understanding and treatment of the disease. New mucolytic treatment, new approaches to combating infections, and improvements in nutrition have already appeared. Just around the corner await gene therapy and new drugs impinging directly on the mechanisms whereby the gene mutations exert their harmful effects. The median life expectancy of CF patients is now over 40 years. CF is currently the concern of multiple disciplines.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1999

Three common CFTR mutations should be included in a neonatal screening programme for cystic fibrosis in Sweden.

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed by neonatal screening have a better nutritional development and other advantages compared with those in a nonscreened group. The two-tier immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/DNA screening protocol has been found superior to the single-tier IRT approach, improving the positive predictive value and thus reducing the false-positive rate. However, variations of the DNA test are required for different populations. In this study we examined CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mutations in 331 CF patients attending the centres in Stockholm, Lund and Uppsala, comprising about 75% of the CF population in Sweden. The frequency of deltaF508 among CF alleles was 68.3%. There were two other mutations, 394delTT and 3659delC, found to be fairly frequent, amounting to 8.5 and 7.9%, respectively. Other mutations were comparatively rare. A simple and effective method of analysing the three mutations from Guthrie cards has been developed. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 90% of our CF patients will be expected to carry at least one deltaF508 allele and 97.6% to carry at least one deltaF508, 394delTT or 3659delC copy. Including the latter two in a screening programme would thus substantially reduce the risk of a false-negative outcome.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1998

Increased serum concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been reported to be one of the best laboratory markers in serum (S) for detection of alcohol abuse. We have studied S-CDT values in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and show that CF patients have increased S-CDT values without high alcohol consumption. CF patients have abnormalities in their protein glycosylation and sialylation, which may explain the increased S-CDT values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Exhaled nitric oxide in paediatric asthma and cystic fibrosis.

Nitric oxide (NO) is present in exhaled air of humans. This NO is mostly produced in the upper airways, whereas basal NO excretion in the lower airways is low. Children with Kartagener's syndrome have an almost total lack of NO in nasally derived air, whereas adult asthmatics have increased NO in orally exhaled air. NO excretion was measured in the nasal cavity and in orally exhaled air in 19 healthy children, in 36 age matched subjects with asthma, and in eight children with cystic fibrosis. NO levels in orally exhaled air were similar in controls and in children with cystic fibrosis, at 4.8 (SD 1.2) v 5.8 (0.8) parts per billion (ppb), but were increased in asthmatic children who were untreated or were being treated only with low doses of inhaled steroids (13.8 (2.5) ppb). Nasal NO levels were reduced by about 70% in children with cystic fibrosis compared to controls and asthmatics. Measurements of airway NO release in different parts of the airways may be useful in non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory airway diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increasing survival of Swedish patients with CF.

A decade ago the majority of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Sweden died in childhood or adolescence. However, better knowledge of the underlying defect and understanding of how to treat the symptoms have resulted in an ever increasing survival rate. The results support the idea that: 1. an intensive, comprehensive treatment is rewarding. 2. treatment or at least regular check ups at a CF-center give a better prognosis. 3. newborn screening might lead to a better prognosis.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1990

Ribonuclease and its inhibitor in red blood cells in CF.

A disturbed activity of ribonuclease (RNAase) and its natural inhibitor was found in cystic fibrosis patients (CF); Heterozygotes had normal RNAase but increased inhibitor activities; both groups compared with age-matched controls. RNAase is involved in the breakdown of RNA. In the cell it is bound to an inhibitor and thus inactive (Bardoń 1976). Quantitative and qualitative differences of RNAase are found in CF (reviewed in Bardoń 1987).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cystic fibrosis and physical activity: an introduction.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal-recessive disease in the white population. Its main symptoms are: recurrent respiratory infections secondary to an abnormally thick bronchial mucous secretion, malnutrition caused by pancreatic insufficiency, and elevated sweat electrolytes. Progressive deterioration of lung functions is the most severe problem, and a premature death is usually due to respiratory failure. A comprehensive, very demanding, time-consuming, and expensive regimen directed to all manifestations of the disease has considerably ameliorated the outcome for these patients. Lately, several reports give evidence that physical activity is an essential part of the CF regimen. The observations reported in this supplement further support this concept. The implications for the individual CF patient and for the CF group are discussed.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to incremental maximal exhaustive exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical changes and endocrine responses during an incremental maximal bicycle test in three well-trained 18-year-old patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in three healthy controls. Although the blood concentration at rest of the white cell count, haptoglobin, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were somewhat different in the two groups, the CF patients had similar biochemical changes in response to the exercise compared with the healthy men. The endocrine responses to exercise seemed to be different between the two groups with regard to changes in cortisol, growth hormone, and testosterone concentrations. The differences, however, were probably caused by differences in age, training situation, and psychological stress reaction rather than by pathological mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to a marathon race.

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses during the New York Marathon (42195 m) were investigated in three 18-year-old male adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy men who accompanied the CFs during the race. The ambient temperature was 20 degrees-28 degrees C and the relative humidity 98%-75% during the run. The CF patients, who had Shwachman scores of 60, 85 and 95 completed the run without major problems in 6.10, 4.42, and 4.32 h, respectively. Serum concentrations of Na and Cl decreased slightly, but the values were still within normal range. Na and Cl excretions in the urine decreased to very low levels in the CF adolescents during the run. All the other biochemical changes were similar to the changes in the controls. Aldosterone concentration increased to a higher level and maintained this increase for a longer time after the race in the CFs. Testosterone concentration decreased more in the CFs during the race compared with the controls. Growth hormone concentration showed individually varying changes in response to the exercise. This study demonstrates that patients with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise even in humid and hot conditions, without untoward effects. The observed differences in hormonal responses to exercise might be explained by differences in age, training status, and relative exercise intensity rather than by hormonal or other disturbances in CF.

Adolescent↗