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Biomedical subjects

H Kono

Publications and source records attributed to H Kono.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The relationship between low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase phenotype and drinking behavior in Japanese.

The relationship between the low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) phenotype determined by the isoelectric focusing of hair root lysates, facial flushing and alcohol drinking patterns in Japanese (N = 282) was examined. Men who had inactive ALDH2 drank significantly less alcohol than those with active ALDH2. Although the effect was less noticeable, a similar relationship was detected in women. Two types of flushing responses were determined: one due to the inactive ALDH2, the other unrelated to this variant form of the isozyme. A striking difference between these flushing types, in terms of the inhibitory influence over drinking patterns, was noted. Nearly 86% of the subjects who reported always flushing in the face were shown to have inactive ALDH2, whereas infrequent flushing and absence of flushing were associated with active ALDH2. Thus, facial flushing may be used as an indicator of ALDH2 phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of acculturation on drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California.

Data from a joint Japan-U.S. collaborative study were examined to determine the relationship of acculturation to drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California. Drinking attitudes (i.e., self-reported acceptable or appropriate levels of drinking) among ethnic groups differed significantly for the nine situations studied: (1) at a bar with friends, (2) at a party at someone else's house, (3) as a parent, spending time with small children, (4) during working hours, (5) visiting in-laws, (6) with friends at home, (7) with friends after work, (8) with people at sports events and (9) before driving a car. Factor analysis was used to determine the differences in drinking attitudes among these ethnic groups. Japanese and Japanese Americans differentiated drinking situations into different categories. The major difference between the two groups was that the Japanese associated spending time with small children with a situation appropriate for drinking, such as being with friends at home, whereas Japanese Americans associated spending time with small children with a situation inappropriate for drinking, such as before driving.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Alcohol-related problems encountered by Japanese, Caucasians, and Japanese-Americans.

Using population-based survey data, personal-problematic and socioproblematic factors were examined among Japanese in Japan, Japanese-Americans in Hawaii, and Japanese-Americans; Caucasians in California were analyzed as a control group. Caucasian males were more likely to exhibit drinking-related social problems, whereas Japanese males showed more personal-problematic symptoms. Japanese-American men, both in Hawaii and California, were least likely among the three ethnic groups to have personal-problematic symptoms and were more likely to have socioproblematic symptoms than Japanese men. These differences might be explained by differences in the perception of social problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Patterns and problems of alcohol consumption in Japan.

The authors trace the roots of Japan's drinking culture and show how socioeconomic developments, especially in the cities, have led to increased alcohol consumption and associated problems. Measures taken by both the state and nongovernmental bodies to combat alcohol abuse and rehabilitate alcoholics are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Eosinophilic leukemia with cyclic eosinophilic leukocytosis].

A 36-year-old male was admitted to the Ehime University Hospital with anemia, eosinophilia and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood examination demonstrated severe anemia (Hb 7.1g/dl), thrombocytopenia (Plt 6.8 x 10(4)/microliters) and increase of peripheral leukocyte counts (53,000/microliters) with 32.0% of eosinophils which had lobulated nuclei, abnormal distribution of eosinophilic granules and a few vacuoles. The level of serum IgE was low (< 5IU/ml), while that of serum vitamin B12 was elevated. A diagnosis of eosinophilic leukemia was made. He was noted to have spontaneous fluctuations in his eosinophil and total leukocyte counts. To analyze the mechanism of cyclic eosinophilic leukocytosis, we examined eosinophil colony stimulating activity of the serum and plasma of the patient. These examination showed that eosinophil colony-stimulating activity was not found in his serum and plasma, and cyclic eosinophilic leukocytosis was due to the hemopoietic stem cell disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[ALDH phenotype in eating disorders with and without alcoholism].

Individuals who have inactive low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) are much less likely to develop alcoholism than those who have active ALDH2. On the other hand, frequent alcoholism has been reported in eating disorder patients. Whether inactive ALDH2 works as an inhibitory factor for alcoholism in these patients is not known. We compared the ALDH2 phenotype in eating disorder patients with and without alcoholism. Among the 25 subjects (4 with anorexia nervosa, 6 with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, 13 with bulimia nervosa and 2 with eating disorder not otherwise specified according to the DSM-III-R), 13 were alcoholics and 12 were non-alcoholics. Isoelectric focusing of hair roots samples demonstrated that 8% of the alcoholic subjects had the inactive ALDH2, while 58% of the non-alcoholic subjects had this variant form of the isozyme (p < 0.01). The results suggest inactive ALDH2 has a similar inhibitory effect for alcoholism as in eating disorder patients as has been reported in normal populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Impaired autonomic nervous system in alcoholics assessed by heart rate variation.

The suppression of heart rate variation reflects cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction and is known to be associated with a poor prognosis or sudden death in diabetic patients. We investigated consecutive changes in the heart rate variation in 51 alcoholics using the coefficient of variation of R-R interval (CVRR). To correct for age effects, a ratio of CVRR to the standard predicted value (CVP) was calculated. On the whole, CVRR/CVP was suppressed on admission and on the 7th day of abstinence and increased on the 30th day. However, alcoholics could be divided into two groups by their CVRR/CVP on the 30th day: one group with transient autonomic dysfunction whose CVRR/CVP was more than 0.8 (n = 32), and the other group with persistent autonomic dysfunction whose CVRR/CVP was less than 0.8 (n = 19). Withdrawal hypertension occurred more frequently (63% vs. 19%) and mean systolic pressure (159 +/- 24 mmHg vs. 138 +/- 17 mmHg) was higher in the latter group than in the former, suggesting that persistent autonomic damage might, at least in part, contribute to withdrawal hypertension. To investigate further the relationship between the persistent autonomic damage and other complications, the CVRR/CVP on the 30th day of abstinence was analyzed in an additional 85 alcoholics (total n = 136). Persistent suppression of the CVRR/CVP was more frequently found in alcoholics with leg paresthesia (64%, n = 22), the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (73%, n = 11), or diabetes mellitus (69%, n = 68), than in alcoholics without these complications (31%, n = 35).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Special treatment facilities for alcoholics in Japan.

No comprehensive study on special treatment facilities for alcoholics in Japan has been reported. We conducted a questionnaire survey of alcoholism treatment wards, alcoholism treatment rooms, special outpatient clinics for alcoholics and halfway houses for alcoholics. The survey covered nearly all of such facilities in Japan. The results of the survey revealed the following characteristics: (1) The number of such facilities has increased rapidly in recent years; (2) the facilities are concentrated in cities; (3) the great majority of the facilities are privately operated; (4) many of the facilities are associated with psychiatric departments; and (5) there are very few facilities exclusively for female alcoholics. The most fundamental and important point is that the number of special treatment facilities for alcoholics is insufficient to meet current needs. These facilities have not diversified sufficiently to address adequately the changing needs of Japanese alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the content of coenzymes linked to energy transfer in the liver of rats fed standard or low-protein diet.

1) In rats fed a standard diet or a protein restricted diet the effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on liver content of adenine nucleotides was studied. In the long-term experiments the total liver content of NAD and NADP was additionally determined. 2) a single oral ethanol load does not significantly influence the total adenine nucleotide content. Liver AMP content increases immediately following ethanol ingestion about 2-fold and remains elevated for 12 hours. ATP content and ATP/ADP ratio are significantly reduced within 30 minutes after ethanol administration. Both return to initial values after 2 hours adn decrease again thereafter. 3) The increase in the AMP content is dose dependent, i.e. it is more pronounced after small doses of ethanol and is not observed when blood ethanol concentrations are very high. The elevation of the AMP levels during ethanol oxidation is interpreted as a consequence of increased ATP consumption and of inhibition of citric acid cycle. 4) In animals fed nearly protein-free diet, total adenine nucleotide content and ATP content are distinctly reduced. An increase in AMP concentration is not observed in these rats where ethanol oxidation is markedly inhibited. 5) Chronic ethanol application does neither in rats kept on a standard diet nor in those fed a protein restricted regimen affect the liver content of total adenine nucleotides or ATP. Similarly the total content of NAD and NADP shows no major changes. 6) It is concluded that the relatively small alterations in total liver adenine nucleotide content and in the different adenine nucleotide fractions are not important for ethanol-induced fat accumulation or other disturbances in the liver.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Activities of hepatic enzymes related to ethanol oxidation and effects of ethanol on hepatic metabolites in rats with chronic liver injury.

To study the effects of ethanol on liver chronically injured by CCl4, activities of hepatic enzymes related to ethanol oxidation, influences of ethanol on hepatic metabolites, and blood ethanol disappearance were observed. (1) Activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, low- and high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase, microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system and drug-metabolizing enzyme were remarkably decreased in the injured liver. (2) Increases in lactate/pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetacetate ratios were shown in control liver 2 h after ethanol ingestion. Similar but less pronounced effects of ethanol on the 'redox state' were also seen in rats with chronic liver injury. (3) Delay in ethanol disappearance was not observed until 12 h after ethanol ingestion. The ethanol-induced changes in the redox state in the injured liver were similar to those in controls. Higher ethanol concentrations in blood from rats with chronic liver injury could be related to potentiate the injured liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A case of alcoholic liver injury with an unusual polyacrylamide-gel disc-electrophoretic pattern of serum lipoproteins.

An unusual lipoprotein pattern on polyacrylamide-gel disc-electrophoresis was observed in 37 year-old male diagnosed as alcoholic liver injury. The electrophoretic lipoprotein pattern consisted of a major band of pre-beta mobility and minor intermediate, fast-beta and slow-alpha bands. The normal beta band was virtually absent and the alpha band was diminished. The abnormal lipoprotein pattern was observed one week after discontinuing alcohol consumption when marked hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated earlier had already normalized leaving a moderate hypercholesterolemia with reduced esterified cholesterol and abnormal liver function tests. The lipoprotein abnormalities were completely normal one month later. The appearance of a major pre-beta band with normal triglyceride and high cholesterol levels is discussed in relation to the formation of larger triglyceride-rich LDL particles in recovery from alcoholic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Familial occurrence of pituitary adenoma (author's transl)].

The familial occurrence of brain tumors are exceedingly rare except in cases with phacomatosis. We encountered pituitary adenomas in two sisters of a family, so far presenting no evidence of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA). Case 1, K. O. a 26-year-old woman was admitted to our Hospital on September 10, 1970 with visual acuity and field disturbance, irregular menstruation and acromegaly. Neurological examination: Her visual acuity was Vd 0.6 and Vs 0.3, visual field was bitemporal hemianopsia, and ther was papilledema bilaterally. She had left exophthalmos and left abducens palsy. Roentgenogram of the skull, brain scanning, cerebral angiogram, pneumoencephalogram suggested the presence of a pituitary tumor. On Sep. 17, 1970, through a left frontotemporal craniotomy the tumor was removed subtotally. The pathological diagnosis was pituitary adenoma (chromophobe). Case 2, M. T. a 31-year-old woman, sister of case 1, was admitted to the Hospital on September 19, 1973, with mild headache, left visual field disturbance and amenorrhea. She had a child, and a past history of pulmonary tbc. Neurological examination: Her visual acuity was Vd 1.2 and Vs 0.03, and visual field of the right eye was temporal lower quandrant anopsia. There was optic nerve atrophy in the left eye. Plain X-ray craniogram, brain scanning, cerebral angiogram and pheumoencephalogram suggested the presence of a pituitary tumor. On Sep. 28, 1973, a right frontal craniotomy was performed. The tumor tissue with capsule was removed subtotally. The pathological diagnosis was pituitary adenoma (mixed type). In the literatures about familial brain tumors with histological diagnosis, glioma and glioblastoma are common, meningioma is relatively rare. Pituitary adenoma with no evidence of MEA is exceedingly rare. The two sisters presented in this paper, have no evidence of hyperparathyroidism, pancreas adenoma and peptic ulcer. So, we consider, at present, these cases should not be field in MEA.

Adenoma↗