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Biomedical subjects

H Kopsa

Publications and source records attributed to H Kopsa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Multidisciplinary aspects of kidney transplantation in Austria. Internal preoperative examinations of continuously dialysed patients during the pre-transplantation phase].

Successful renal transplantation requires a comprehensive preoperative program. Patient's investigation, EKG and laboratory data should be done at regular intervals. Microbiologic analyses comprise fungal, bacterial and viral diagnostic procedures. Roentgenograms should be achieved from thorax, skeleton and upper intestinal tract. Sonography is helpful in diagnosis of kidney, liver, spleen, pancreas, parathyreoidea and heart. Early manifestations of hyperparathyreoidism are detected by bone scanning. Possible foci have to be eliminated. Regular ophthalmologic and neurologic controls are required for proper therapy of patients on RDT.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

In vitro synthesis of oxalic acid has no relevant influence on plasma oxalic acid levels in haemodialysis patients.

Plasma oxalic acid concentrations were measured in 13 chronic haemodialysis patients. The mean plasma oxalic acid concentration was 128.0 +/- 48.6 mumol/l, being approximately 8 times higher than the plasma concentration of 14 volunteers (mean = 16.8 +/- 5.2 mumol/l). Ultrafiltrates obtained in vivo from these patients showed a mean oxalic acid concentration of 138.2 +/- 56.5 mumol/l. Since in vivo ultrafiltrates are free of erythrocytes and plasma enzymes, an in vitro synthesis of oxalic acid from precursors by erythrocytes and plasma enzymes can be excluded. As the oxalic acid concentration of plasma corresponded to that of in vivo ultrafiltrates, it is concluded that any in vitro formation of oxalic acid in haemodialysis patients must be negligibly small, and is irrelevant for the measurement of plasma oxalic acid levels in patients receiving regular haemodialysis.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1983

[Plasma glycolate concentrations under conditions of dialysis].

Plasma glycollate and oxalate concentrations were measured in 20 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment. The mean plasma glycollate level was 173.7 +/- 52.9 mumol/l, which was not significantly different from the normal value (means = 145.8 +/- 37.8 mumol/l). The mean plasma oxalate concentration (means = 128.7 +/- 25.6 mumol/l) was about 8 times higher than the value found in normal volunteers (means = 16.8 +/- 6.0 mumol/l). During haemodialysis lasting for 6 hours the plasma oxalate concentration decreased by 53.5%. However, no decline in plasma glycollate levels was noted. Since glycollate was not found in ultrafiltrates obtained in vivo, it is concluded that glycollate is not eliminated during haemodialysis treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1983

[Intra-erythrocytic GOT activity in uremia and its behavior following pyridoxine administration].

A significant decrease of the glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity of erythrocytes (EGOT) was found in patients on regular dialysis treatment. When pyridoxal-5-phosphate, the active metabolite of vitamin B6, was added to the samples, EGOT activity increased in dialysis patients and in normals, but the activity obtained after stimulation was not as high in haemodialyzed patients as in volunteers. In normals and in patients under pyridoxine treatment the EGOT activity was significantly higher when compared to the corresponding groups without vitamin B6 administration, the EGOT activity depending on duration of pyridoxine treatment.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1983

Prekallikrein, HMW-kininogen and factor XII in various disease states.

The behaviour of prekallikrein (PKK), factor XII, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and kallikrein-inhibitor (KK-I) in 367 patients with various diseases is described. Malignancies lead to elevation of factor XII and KK-I, and reduction of PKK. The effect is more pronounced in patients with metastases. In renal diseases also one or more of the above mentioned parameters are abnormal. Defects requiring dialysis treatment significantly impair the contact factors. In this group low levels of PKK, Factor XII and HMWK and increased KK-I are common. In chronic renal disease patients, only F XII and KK-I are elevated, whereas PKK and HMWK are normal. Kidney transplantation leads to a rise in KK-I and reduction of PKK and HMWK. The values almost normalize few days after the operation. Factor XII, slightly increased immediately after transplantation, remains high in long term transplant recipients, whereas HMWK falls below normal. In liver disease patients, acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and coma, PKK is reduced. In cases with acute hepatitis PKK raises with recovery. Cirrhosis and coma lead to low HMWK and factor XII concentrations. KK-I is mostly affected during acute hepatitis, and is then highly increased. Our results clearly demonstrate that the biologic activity of one or more of contact factors is affected in many diseases.

Factor XII↗
PubMed1983

Pyridoxine therapy in patients with renal calcium oxalate calculi.

In 12 patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate calculi pyridoxine was administered. Within six weeks mean daily oxalic acid excretion decreased from 480 +/- 122 mumol to 336 +/- 83 mumol. Glycolic acid excretion fell from 208 +/- 51 mumol to 153 +/- 26 mumol (normal range: oxalic acid 228-412 mumol/day, glycolic acid 130-290 mumol/day). The reduction of oxalic acid excretion seems to be beneficial in prevention of idiopathic calcium oxalate calculi.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1983

[Cystic renal changes in chronic hemodialysed patients].

In this study we investigated the appearance of renal cysts in 43 chronic hemodialyzed patients using ultrasound (3.5 MHz-sector scanner). The mean age of the patients was 45 years, and the mean duration of dialysis was 26.3 months. In 21 patients (= 49%) cysts could be found. In 10 of these patients a former investigation at beginning of dialysis did not demonstrate any cystic lesions. The diameter of the cysts varied between 5 and 30 mm. Considering the duration of dialysis, in 9 (= 39%) out of 23 patients with a maximum duration of dialysis of 2 years cysts could be demonstrated by ultrasound, and in 12 (= 60%) of 20 patients, who had been dialysed for more than 2 years. The clinical impact of the demonstration of such cysts was recently reported in cases which developed complications like tumour formation or severe bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of elevated plasma oxalic acid by pyridoxine therapy in patients on RDT.

In eight chronic haemodialysed patients with secondary hyperoxalaemia due to renal insufficiency vitamin B6, an important co-enzyme in oxalic acid metabolism, was administered. Mean plasma oxalic acid values decreased from 149.5 +/- 67.0 mmol/L to 99.0 +/- 36.4 mmol/L within two weeks and to 93.8 +/- 33.1 mmol/L after four weeks of pyridoxine treatment (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01). The mean reduction was 46 per cent (32.0 to 56.1). Patients with high pre-values of plasma oxalic acid had the most pronounced decrease. In order to prevent calcium oxalate deposition a reduction of plasma oxalic acid in patients on RDT seems to be an important goal in long term haemodialysis treatment.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1982

[Recurrence of spontaneous kidney rupture in a dialysis patient].

The case is reported of a 35-year-old man who had been treated with hemodialysis for five years because of renal insufficiency due to chronic glomerulonephritis. Renal cystic disease acquired during maintenance dialysis was complicated by bilateral kidney rupture within an interval of two months. Development of cystic changes of kidneys during long-term hemodialysis was first reported in 1977. The main complications of this cystic transformation are, according to the literature, development of neoplasms and hemorrhage into the cysts. In the present case the clinical symptomatology consisted of episodes of severe pain in the flank, hematuria, hypotension and lowering of hematocrit. An ultrasound study demonstrated enlargement of some cysts compared to another study some months ago, and internal echoes due to hemorrhage could be seen in some of the cysts. Because of the danger of spontaneous kidney rupture with consecutive life-threatening hemorrhage, surgery is indicated in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of histamine2 and muscarine receptor antagonists on plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Long-term administration of cimetidine, a histamine2 receptor antagonist, has been reported to normalize elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in patients with secondary [1] and primary hyperparathyroidism [2] and even to improve the clinical symptoms. We have compared the effect of cimetidine and pirenzepine on PTH and calcitonin (CT) plasma levels in a short-term trial on patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. After cimetidine a significant effect on PTH was seen within 30 min lasting 30 min and after pirenzepine, within 60 min and lasting 60 min. The effect on CT was only significant after cimetidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vitamin B6 administration on elevated plasma oxalic acid levels in haemodialysed patients.

Accumulation of oxalic acid resulting in elevated plasma levels is a common finding in uraemic patients. Since vitamin B6 is an important coenzyme in oxalic acid metabolism the influence of vitamin B6 administration on plasma oxalic acid levels was investigated. Vitamin B6 was administered to eight chronic haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperoxalaemia. Mean plasma oxalic acid concentration decreased from 149.5 +/- 67 mumol/l to 99.0 +/- 36.4 mumol/l within 2 weeks and to 93.8 +/- 33.1 mumol/l after 4 weeks of pyridoxine treatment (P less than 0.01) the mean reduction being 46% (32.0-56.1%). The decrease in plasma oxalic acid levels was most pronounced in patients with the highest pretreatment values. Two patients who received pyridoxine therapy prior to the beginning of the study had low initial values of plasma oxalic acid concentrations and showed no further decline.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

The successful treatment of mycotic infections in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients with ketoconazole.

Ketoconazole, a new broad-spectrum antimycotic drug, was administered to six renal transplant recipients with mucocutaneous and/or systemic candidosis. A beneficial clinical and microbiologic effect was seen in the treated patients. This orally administered drug was well tolerated, and side effects were not evident. Our results indicate that good treatment of mycotic infections can be expected even in patients with impaired graft function, since ketoconazole metabolism occurs mainly in the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diminished serum folic acid levels in renal transplant recipients.

Serum folic acid levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 26 chronic hemodialysis patients, in 52 renal transplant recipients and in 20 healthy controls. In the dialyzed patients, the mean serum folic acid level was 3.37 +/- 1.25 ng/ml and was significantly lower than that of the controls (6.1 +/- 1.38 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). In renal transplant recipients the mean folic acid concentration was 4.09 +/- 1.58 ng/ml and was also significantly decreased (P less than 0.001). 15 (29 per cent) out of 52 renal transplant patients showed serum folic acid concentrations lower than 3.0 ng/ml. Diminished serum folic acid levels were found not only in patients shortly after surgery but also in cases with excellent graft function up to 6 years after transplantation. The highest serum folic acid level was observed in one transplant patient who had taken no azathioprine for 24 months. Macrocytosis was found in 52 per cent of our renal transplant patients. There was no significant difference between the serum folic acid levels of renal transplant recipients with (n = 27) and without (n = 25) macrocytosis; however, serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in cases revealing macrocytosis. Relative folic acid deficiency does not seem to be responsible for macrocytosis after renal transplantation. Macrocytosis was observed only in patients with good graft function treated with azathioprine. Serum vitamin B12 levels were within the normal range in both dialyzed and renal transplant patients.

Adolescent↗