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Biomedical subjects

H Koshikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Koshikawa.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Experimental study on cell damage of ischemic liver in obstructive jaundiced rats].

The hepatic cellular damage induced by liver ischemia was investigated in rats with obstructive jaundice. Hepatic tissue blood flow in obstructive jaundice was decreased in the relation to the duration of jaundice. The value of lipid peroxide and cathepsin D activity of the hepatic tissue increased in the obstructive jaundice. Therefore, it was suggested that cell membrane and lysosomal membrane injury were induced in obstructive jaundice. The value of lipid peroxide of hepatic tissue in obstructive jaundice was more increased after partial liver ischemia. The survival rate following hepatic ischemia in jaundiced rats was remarkably lower than that of normal rats, and also it related to the duration of jaundice. In addition, histological changes of the liver after partial ischemia are severe in obstructive jaundiced liver. These data suggest that more remarkable hepatic cellular damage than in normal liver may be induced by liver ischemia in obstructive jaundice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Inhibition of hepatic DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy in the rats with obstructive jaundice with special reference to the enhancement of hepatic protein synthesis].

We studied the liver regeneration after partial (68%) hepatectomy in rats with obstructive jaundice followed by the relief of obstruction. Rats received bile duct ligation, then 5 or 14 days later choledocho-duodenostomy was performed. Partial hepatectomy was done at various intervals after the relief of obstruction. DNA synthesis of the regenerating liver, hepatic protein synthesis and mitochondrial swelling induced by exogenous phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were determined. Hepatic DNA synthesis was significantly inhibited in obstructive jaundiced rats compared to controls. While the inhibition disappeared 5 days after the relief of obstruction in 5-day-obstructed group, it was still detectable as late as 21 days after the drainage in 14-day-obstructed group. Hepatic protein synthesis was markedly increased by obstructive jaundice, and this increase continued until 10 days after drainage in 14-day-obstructed group. Partial hepatectomy also increased the hepatic protein synthesis significantly in normal rats, but failed to show any significant changes in obstructive jaundiced rats. Any difference could not be found in PLA2-induced hepatic mitochondrial swelling between obstructive jaundiced rats and normal rats. We concluded the preceding energy-requiring responses in obstructive jaundiced liver resulted in the reduction of hepatic DNA synthesis and in the lack of additional increase of hepatic protein synthesis as the responses to a further insult of partial hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Relation of hepatic protein synthesis and hepatic functional mass in obstructive jaundiced rats].

In obstructive jaundiced rat, the change of hepatic functional mass assessed by [14C]-aminopyrine breath test (ABT) and galactose tolerance test (GaTT) and hepatic protein synthesis measured by [14C]-leucine incorporation into hepatic protein fraction were investigated. Bile duct ligation (BDL) for 5 and 14 days was followed by choledocho-duodenal fistula as the relief of obstruction. Hepatic functional mass measured by ABT and GaTT revealed a remarkable decrease at 5 and 14 days after BDL without differences in grades. These depressed values returned to the preoperative ones in 10 to 20 days after the relief of obstruction. On the contrary, hepatic protein synthesis was reciprocally enhanced after BDL. After the relief of obstruction the enhancement of hepatic protein synthesis was prolonged and then returned to the normal level in 20 days. These data suggested that in obstructive jaundice hepatic protein synthesis was stimulated by several stress and continued to be enhanced even after the relief of obstruction. These enhancement of hepatic protein synthesis would induce to decrease hepatic functional mass.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatic functional evaluation using the galactose tolerance test in patients with obstructive jaundice].

Hepatic functional mass was evaluated in patients with obstructive jaundice using the galactose tolerance test (GaTT), which reflected cytosolic function of hepatocyte. The T-1/2 values as an index on the GaTT were significantly prolonged in patients with obstructive jaundice in comparison with control subjects whether before or after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). But in each cases, some showed nearly normal GaTT-T/2 value and others showed severely prolonged value. Patients with obstructive jaundice could be divided into two groups according to the GaTT-T/2 value before PTBD. The decreasing rate of serum bilirubin level "b" after PTBD was significantly fair in the group A patients (good GaTT-T/2 value before PTBD) than the group B (poor GaTT-T/2 value before PTBD) (P less than 0.05). It was that GaTT-T/2 before PTBD which represented hepatic cytosolic functional mass could predict the effect of PTBD in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Transcatheter embolization of splenic artery aneurysm; a case report].

A 76-year old woman with splenic artery aneurysm was treated by nonsurgical treatment. Surgical treatment has been recommended for the treatment of visceral aneurysms because these aneurysms may rupture and lead to fatal hemorrhage. This report describes the successful interventional coil and Gelfoam occlusion of splenic aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of hepatic ischemia on liver regeneration following hepatectomy, with special reference to the therapeutic choice for ruptured hepatoma].

The influence of partial hepatic ischemia (32%) prior to partial hepatectomy (68%) has been studied in the rat. 3H-thymidine incorporation into the hepatic DNA was significantly suppressed in both 20 min and 30 min ischemia depressed the survival following partial hepatectomy (p less than 0.001). Three cases of ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas were treated: one case by emergency hepatectomy, and two cases by hepatectomy following TAE. Hepatic insufficiency and post-operative death occurred to only the case given an emergency hepatectomy. Thus, it is felt that a ruptured hepatoma should first be treated by TAE and then surgically resected.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The stimulating effect of a cytosol extract from regenerating liver on isolated hepatocytes and the positive role of insulin.

Several kinds of damage induce a regenerative response in the liver. Partial hepatectomy is a well known method, suitable for studying liver regeneration and factor/s involved in it. The presence of the so called Hepatic Stimulator Substance has been demonstrated in the cytosol obtained from regenerating hepatocytes, and it has been partially characterized, from a molecular point of view. Mainly, it stimulates liver regeneration and Tritiated Thymidine incorporation in cultured hepatocytes as demonstrated in this paper (Control Hepatocytes: 8447 +/- 660.4 cpm, (mean +/- sd), Test Hepatocytes: 16974 +/- 2720.9 cpm; Index of Stimulation: 2.01). Furthermore, the stimulating activity of HSS is increased by the presence, in the culture media, of insulin which has been proved to have a positive role in liver regeneration (Control Hepatocytes: 8889 +/- 367.3 cpm; Test Hepatocytes: 21588.5 +/- 1232.4 cpm; Index of Stimulation: 2.42, p less than 0.05). These data seem to suggest that liver is probably the site of production/activity and action of factor/s that stimulate/s liver regeneration; but other substances exist, such as insulin, which play a permissive role.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of naproxen on fever following transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatic tumors].

In the cases of trans-catheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatic malignancies, naproxen has been evaluated for its antipyretic effect. Each patient not given naproxen manifested a remarkable and prolonged fever despite treatment by antibiotics. In those who received an administration of naproxen, however, a significant suppression of fever was achieved (P 0.01-0.001). No remarkable influence was found on the white blood cell counts, the serum GOT and LDH levels by the naproxen. Similarly, no untoward effect due to naproxen was found on the ulcerogenicity in the gastro-duodenum. Thus, for hepatic malignancies, naproxen could be useful in the symptomatic treatment of a fever following a TAE.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cyclic AMP- and ATP-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis following partial hepatectomy by prostaglandin-E1 in D-galactosamine injured liver].

D-galactosamine (D-gal) damaged rats were infused with Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) through a peripheral vein for 40 min. before and after partial hepatectomy. DNA synthesis following 68% partial hepatectomy was severely inhibited by the pretreatment of D-galactosamine. PGE1 infusion (0.5, 1.0 microgram/kg/min) enhanced the DNA synthesis inhibited by D-gal 600 mg/kg significantly (p less than 0.01). After 20 min. of PGE1 infusion cyclic AMP levels of liver tissue was increased as compared with saline infusion in D-gal (600 mg/kg)-damaged rat (p less than 0.05). Also 20 min. and 3 hour after partial hepatectomy. ATP levels of liver tissue was enhanced in PGE1 treated group (p less than 0.05). However the doses of PGE1 infused in this investigation could not increase the hepatic tissue blood flow measured by hydrogen gas clearance method. These results suggest that PGE1 enhance DNA synthesis of injured liver after partial hepatectomy by the mechanism which PGE1 stimulate cyclic AMP production and increase ATP level in hepatic tissue.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulatory effect of dibutyryl cyclic GMP on acid secretion in mouse isolated stomach and on histamine release in gastric mucosal cells.

We previously reported that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the peripheral control of gastric acid secretion induced by some secretagogues, and that endogenous NO is involved in the acid secretion process via histamine release from histamine-containing cells. However, the stimulus-secretion coupling in the cells remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dibutyryl cyclic GMP on gastric acid secretion in mouse isolated stomach and on histamine release in gastric mucosal cells, in comparison with those of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP (300 microM) produced a slight but significant increase of gastric acid secretion, which was completely inhibited by the histamine-H2 receptor antagonist famotidine. In contrast, dibutyryl cyclic GMP (1 mM) markedly inhibited histamine-induced acid secretion. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (100 microM) produced a sustained increase of gastric acid secretion. The pretreatment with famotidine partially inhibited dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced gastric acid secretion. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP significantly increased the histamine release from gastric mucosal cells. These results suggest that both intracellular cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP act as second messengers for histamine release in the histamine-containing cells, probably ECL cells. On the other hand, in gastric parietal cells, cyclic AMP has a stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion, whereas cyclic GMP has an inhibitory effect.

Animals↗