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Biomedical subjects

H Krey

Publications and source records attributed to H Krey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Borna virus infection (Borna disease) in naturally and experimentally infected animals: its significance for research and practice].

In this survey article on Borna Disease-many years after the review of Zwick (1939)-again a modern comprehensive summary of "Borna Disease virus infection" is given. The infection occurs in horses and sheep, furthermore, in laboratory animal species inoculated experimentally; its clinical, virological and neuropathological features have been described in numerous presentations. Clinical symptoms in naturally and experimentally infected animals are characterized by initial alterations in the sensorium. The neurological symptomatology of the disease (disturbances in coordination, motor, sensory and vegetative symptoms) reflect the presumed localisation of the virus in various brain areas and the course of the disease supports the assumption of intraneural spread of the agent. In horses the incidence is highest during spring. Experimental infections show an exceptionally broad spectrum of infectible animals extending from higher mammals to birds. Our investigations make it clear that we have to differentiate between infections followed by disease (e.g. horse, rabbit, older rat) and persistent infections without overt clinical symptoms (mouse, chicken). Persistent infections are sometimes associated with fine alterations in behaviour (tree shrew) or decreased learning ability (mice). Borna Disease virus, which has not been characterized up to now, is known to grow without any cytopathic effect in tissue cultures. All tested cell lines (including those from man) could be infected. The investigations indicate that Borna Disease virus comprises an enveloped RNS-containing agent. The infection induces the production of specific antigens such as a complex known as the soluble antigen, and a 14500 dalton protein. Under natural conditions and in experimentally infected animals antibodies are produced against such soluble proteins and determinants involved in neutralization of the virus. In the central nervous system (CNS) a local immune response accompanied by the production of oligoclonal immunoglobulins is demonstrable. Besides the humoral reaction it was possible to study the influence of cellular defence mechanisms on the disease process in monkeys, rats and rabbits. Histopathologically, Borna Disease is characterized by a non-purulent inflammation of the brain and the spinal cord. Most alterations are found in the grey matter, mainly in the Ammon's horn, olfactory lobe, caudate nucleus, thalamus, lamina quadrigemina and in he cerebellar nuclei. The perivascular infiltrations, consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells are most conspicuous. Occasionally, degenerative alterations are observed in ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Lens implantation in hypotonic bulbi (author's transl)].

For lens implantation a deep anterior chamber is required. In our experience this is best accomplished by mechanical compression to reduce the volume of the vitreous. Following extraction of the lens the anterior chamber fills spontaneously with air. Intraoperative damage to the corneal endothelial cells caused by contact with the pseudophakos can thus be avoided. The procedure also facilitates iris fixation sutures, excision of the anterior lens capsules, irrigation and aspiration.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1982

Biphasic action of prostacyclin on intraocular pressure.

The effect of exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) on the rabbit eye was investigated. During intravenous infusion, intraocular pressure readings and changes of the luminal diameters of choroidal veins were recorded simultaneously. 5 ng/kg/min induced a reduction of intraocular pressure and no blood flow changes. 25 ng/kg/min resulted in a considerable vasodilatation in the posterior uvea paralleled by an increase in intraocular pressure. These results suggest the explanation that exogenous prostacyclin in high doses causes an augmentation of posterior uveal blood flow and thereby a rise in intraocular pressure. Low (2.5 mg/kg BW) or high (17.5 mg/kg BW) aspirin caused no changes in intraocular pressure, indicating a minor role of endogenous prostaglandins in regulating intraocular tension.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Borna disease in rhesus monkeys as a models for uveo-cerebral symptoms.

Borna disease, a naturally occurring encephalomyelitis of horses and sheep, was induced in rhesus monkeys after intracerebral infection with virus containing rabbit brain suspension. The animals developed neurological disorders followed by a severe encephalomyelitis which was accompanied by a retinopathy. In all the analyzed brain and retina tissue pieces, virus-specific antigen could be demonstrated by immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Antibodies could be demonstrated by the intermediate gel technique as well as by the immunofluorescence test in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid of all the monkeys. The histopathological findings in the brain and the eye might be comparable to certain types of encephalitis in man and to pathological changes in the eye of human patients, the etiologies of which are still obscure. An attempt was also made to study cell-mediated immunity by a chromium release assay in infected animals, the results of which might provide, together with the histopathological observations, strong evidence for the role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD infection in rhesus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Borna disease virus-induced retinouveitis treated with immunosuppressive drugs.

Borna disease occurs naturally in horses and sheep and causes an encephalomyelitis which is fatal. Little is known about the etiologic agent. There is evidence, however, that this neutrotropic virus belongs to the conventional enveloped RNA viruses. Experimentally infected rabbits exhibited a highly reproducible multifocal retinochoroidopathy. Clinical, histologic, as well as virologic results suggested that immunologic events gave rise to the characteristic clinical, histologic, as well as virologic results suggested that immunologic events gave rise to the characteristic clinical expression of the disease. To investigate possible immunpathologic factors, infected rabbits were treated with immunosuppressive drugs. As compared with controls three outstanding features were observed in the treated group: (1) The time interval between infection and the occurrence of inflammatory ocular foci was considerably prolonged; (2) confluency of retinal lesions was not noted in the early course of the disease; and (3) a lack of ocular lesions or a nonprogression over several days, never observed in controls, occurred in a small percentage of treated animals. These observations indicate that the clinical course of virus-induced inflammatory lesions of the retina and choroid can be changed by treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. It can be assumed that the appearance of the individual fundus lesion depends on the immuno-logic status of the infected host.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Eye disease in cases of chronic atrophic polychondritis (author's transl)].

Four patients with relapsing polychondritis and eye disease were observed. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptoms of multifocal chondritis and episcleritis in one case. In the latter patient the disease started with slight visual impairment due to retinal hemorrhage and edema. Despite a relapsing course all patients eventually responded well to topical and systemic corticosteroids. Immunopathologic events are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1981

[Infrared thermographic investigation of the mechanism of action of timolol (author's transl)].

Distribution of local temperature in the anterior segment was investigated after topical administration of Timolol 0.5% utilizing infrared thermography. Eighty patients were included in this study; the untreated eye was used as a control. Within 30 minutes of instillation of Timolol a decrease in local temperature of up to 3 degrees C could be observed in 44% of the cases, whereas in 32% no change and in the remaining 24% a small increase of up to 1 degree C occurred. In ten other patients thermography and applanation tonometry were carried out simultaneously over a period of 4 hours following topical administration of Timolol; in this preliminary series a maximal local temperature decrease occurred after 90 minutes, i.e., prior to the maximal effect on intraocular pressure. It is concluded from these results that topical administration of Timolol reduces the ciliary blood flow.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Timolol response in denervational syndromes (author's transl)].

In eyes with pupillotony (Argyll Robertson) the effect of locally applied timolol maleate (0.5%) on intraocular pressure is considerably less pronounced than in normal control eyes. In Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis the timolol response is the same as in controls. Infrared thermography of the anterior segment of the eye showed that the maximum drop in IOP was preceded by a fall in temperature. These findings suggest that the IOP-lowering effect of timolol depends on parasympathetic innervation and that timolol decreases the blood flow in the ciliary body.

Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy↗
PubMed1979

Spread of infectious virus along the optic nerve into the retina in Borna disease virus-infected rabbits.

Selective damage of the optic nerve of 14 rabbits without interfering with the choroidal blood flow which supplies the retina and without altering the autonomic nerve supply was successfully achieved by Xenon coagulation. This procedure interrupted the axonal pathway between the brain and the eye. After experimental infection with Borna disease virus the typical disease could be induced. The pathognomonic retinopathy as well as characteristic perivascular choroidal infiltrates, however, did not appear in eyes with coagulated nerve heads. In general virus-specific antigen or infectious virus were not present in the retinas of such damaged eyes. These results permit the conclusion that the ocular expression of Borna disease is a consequence of virus transport via the optic nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Aqueous humor pH in experimental lye burns and influence of different treatment measures (author's transl)].

300 rabbit corneas were burned for 1 minute by applying a filter paper of 10 mm diameter soaked in different concentrations of NaOH. The aqueous humor pH was then measured at certain time intervals and after different treatment methods until the physiologic pH of 7.6 was reached. The results were statistically analysed. Group 1, 2 and 3 were burned in 1n NaOH, 3n NaOH, and 6n NaOH respectively without any treatment. In these groups a "therapeutic" pH-level of 8.5 was measured on an average 0.5, 2.5 and 5 hours after the burn (Table 1 and Fig. 2). Group 4 and 5 again were burned with 6n NaOH. In group 4 the burn was followed by constant irrigation with physiologic saline solution by means of the Morgan Therapeutic Lens (Fig. 1a and b). With this regimen a pH of 8.5 was reached after 2.5 hours (Table 1 and Fig. 3). In group 5 the physiologic saline solutions was replaced by a buffer solution (Isogutt) and a pH of 8.5 was measured after only one hour (Table 1 and Fig. 3). Based upon these results it is felt that severe lye burns should be treated by constant irrigation with a buffer solution for several hours. A treatment that can easily be performed by use of the Morgan Therapeutic Lens.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Lamellar corneal graft and transposition of a conjunctival flap for surgical treatment of pterygium (author's transl)].

In advanced primary and recurrent pterygium extensive excision and lamellar corneal grafting have been performed. Closure of the conjunctival wound is achieved by transposition of a temporal conjunctival flap to the excised area. In a follow-up period up to 15 months no recurrence have been observed. The functional and cosmetical results are satisfactory.

Conjunctiva↗