Biomedical subjects

H Kumagami

Publications and source records attributed to H Kumagami.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Detection of viral antigen in the endolymphatic sac.

A study was devised to determine whether or not any immune defense mechanism is present when a virus invades the human endolymphatic sac (ES). The ES was removed from 14 fresh autopsy cases having no known pre-mortem diseases in the middle and inner ears. Specimens were then examined for viral antigens including herpes simplex (HSV) type 1 and 2, mumps and cytomegalovirus using immunohistochemical methods. DNA examination by in situ hybridization was also performed for HSV. HSV antigen and DNA were observed in 9 of the 14 cases studied. These findings suggest that the virus invades the ES but is impeded by an immune defense mechanism under normal conditions. Since disease may alter host defenses, further studies are warranted to study the relationship between HSV and patients with Meniere's disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Vascular permeability changes associated with experimentally induced facial nerve lesions in the rabbit.

Changes in vascular permeability to sodium fluorescein following experimentally induced nerve lesions were examined in the rabbit facial nerve. Sodium fluorescein was injected intravenously as a permeability tracer and then localized by fluorescence microscopy. In control nerves, endoneurium showed only slight fluorescence while intense fluorescence was observed in the epineurium and perineurium. In nerves demonstrating edema and Wallerian degeneration, endoneurium was found to have an increased accumulation of tracer. This increased endoneurial vascular permeability in facial nerve lesions may explain nerve enhancement seen in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with facial nerve paralysis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Vascular permeability to sodium fluorescein in the rabbit cranial nerve root: possible correlation with normal cranial nerve enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Vascular permeability in cranial nerve roots was examined after intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein in the adult rabbit. Fluorescence was observed in the distal nerves through the following portions: intracavernous portion of the oculomotor nerve, distal internal auditory canal segment of the facial nerve, and ganglionic portions of the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. In the acoustic nerve, the vestibular ganglion showed fluorescence. No fluorescence was observed in the olfactory or optic nerves. During in vivo gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) of two separate animals, trigeminal nerve enhancement was observed in the region showing fluorescence. Histologically, intense fluorescence was observed in ganglia and external nerve sheaths of the cranial nerves showing macroscopic fluorescence. A slight fluorescence was also seen in endoneurial connective tissue but not observed within the nerve fibers. The results of this study suggest that the physiological enhancement of human cranial nerves seen on Gd-MRI may correlate with vascular permeability.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Sex hormones in the kidney and endolymphatic sac. An immunohistological study.

Autopsy specimens of kidney and endolymphatic sac were studied in terms of progesterone (P), estradiol (E), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and aldosterone (A) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The results obtained were as follows: The epithelial cells of the renal tubules were positive to P, E, T, DHT and A. The epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac were also positive to these sex hormones though varying in stainability among cases. In view of the immunohistological findings of sex hormones and aldosterone, the resorptive and regulative function of the epithelium in the kidney and endolymphatic sac is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Immunohistological study of the nasal mucosa in latent allergic patients].

We studied the distribution of T lymphocyte subpopulations and EG2 positive cells in the inferior turbinates of subjects with latent nasal allergy by use of an immunohistochemical procedure. Five patients who had a positive skin test for house dust and one who had a positive skin test for Japanese cedar were studied. The specimens were frozen at -70 degrees C and sliced at 4 microns with a cryostat. The peroxidaseantiperoxidase method with monoclonal antibodies (CD4, CD8, EG2) was used to detect T lymphocyte subpopulations and activated eosinophils. Finally, the specimens were counterstained with Mayer's Hematoxylin. CD4 positive cells and CD8 positive cells were found mainly in the superficial layer of the lamina propria. In every subject, the number of CD4 positive cells dominated that of CD8 positive cells in the lamina propria. The ratio of CD4 positive cells to CD8 positive cells was 1.93, on average. This ratio was lower than the ratio typical of nasal allergy, but higher than the ratio of non-allergic normal controls. Though the number of EG2 positive cells was lower than the number typical of nasal allergy, EG2 positive cells were observed in every case. We speculate that latent nasal allergic reactions may develop in the inferior turbinates.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Sex hormones in fibrous dysplasia of the facial bone--an immunohistological study].

Fibrous dysplasia of the facial bones frequently occurs in the maxilla around the time of puberty and becomes inactive when skeletal growth is completed. A case of fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla and sphenoidal-temporal bone in a 19 year-old male was studied, in terms of the presence of estradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. This case underwent partial surgical resection, for cosmetic deformity, of the maxillary tumor which, however, relapsed to preoperative size within three weeks. Estradiol and testosterone were strongly positive and dihydrotestosterone was slightly positive in the tumor cells. Sex hormones were apparently present in the tumor cells and exerted a strong influence on the growth of the fibrous dysplasia.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Sex hormones in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma tissue.

Five cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were studied in terms of the presence of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone in the juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma tissue using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Progesterone and estradiol were positive in all cases. Testosterone was positive in 2 of the 5 patients. Dihydrotestosterone was positive in 3 of the 5 patients. Hormone in the juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma tissue seems to change by the activity of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Estradiol and testosterone in minor salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome.

Nine patients with Sjögren's syndrome were studied in terms of estradiol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone in the labial minor salivary glands using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In normal controls in women, estradiol was positive in the epithelial cells of duct, but testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were negative or doubtfully positive by case. Thus, it seems that there is a sex difference of receptors in the ductal epithelia. In the labial minor salivary glands of the patients, all estradiol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were positive. As the background of Sjögren's syndrome, it seems that there is an influence of sex hormones.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Immunohistologic study of the nasal mucosa with reference to Langerhans cells].

The distribution of Langerhans cells in human oral mucosa, nasal mucosa and nasal polyps was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Our study involved 35 participants. The specimens were frozen to -70 degrees C and sliced at 4 microns with a cryostat. Monoclonal antibodies CD1 (OKT6) and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining method were used to detect Langerhans cells. In the oral mucosa and the nasal vestibule lined with stratified squamous epithelium, CD1 positive cells were observed and these cells were dendric in form. The cells were found mainly from the intermediate layer to the deep layer of the epithelium. In the inferior turbinate lined with ciliated epithelium, we could not find any CD1 positive cells at all. The nasal polyps in some cases had a normal ciliated columnar epithelium while others had metaplastic stratified squamous epithelium. Both types of epithelium in the same polyp were noted on some occasions. In nasal polyps, CD1 positive cells which showed dendric form were found in the metaplastic squamous epithelium only, and could not be observed in the ciliated columnar epithelium at all. Based on the above results, the presence of Langerhans cells is confirmed not by the anatomical location but by the type of epithelium. Langerhans cells could be detected only in the squamous epithelium. Keratinocytes, which constitute the squamous epithelium, are known to release cytokines. IL-1 (interleukin-1) and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor) released from keratinocytes are thought to influence the viability and function of Langerhans cells. The migration of Langerhans cells into squamous epithelium may be regulated by cytokines released from keratinocytes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Immunohistological study of eosinophilic infiltration of nasal polyps in aspirin-induced asthma].

It is well known that nasal polyps frequently develop in patients with aspirin-induced asthma, which is thought to be a non-atopic disease. We immunohistochemically examined the eosinophils infiltrating the nasal polyps in patients with aspirin-induced asthma. It has also been established that the monoclonal antibody EG1 reacts with both stored and secretion type ECP (eosinophil cationic protein), and that EG2 reacts only with the secretion type of ECP. EG2 positive cells may thus be considered to be activated eosinophils. Seven cases with nasal polyps associated with aspirin-induced asthma participated in our study. Blood eosinophilia was observed in all 7 cases, but 6 showed normal blood values IgE. Two reacted to house dust antigen, on skin tests and RAST. In the nasal polyps, many EG2 positive cells were observed. On serial sections, the number and distribution of EG1 and EG2 positive cells were almost equal. In the superficial lamina propria, extra-cellular release of ECP was noted. However, epithelial damage did not relate to the number of EG2 positive cells or the degree of extra-cellular EG2 release. In the deep lamina propria, slight extra-cellular ECP release was found. From these results, the eosinophils in nasal polyps accompanying aspirin-induced asthma were thought to be activated. Eosinophils seem to play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. However, tissue injury induced by eosinophils, was not be demonstrated in this study.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Endolymphatic hydrops induced by noise exposure.

In animal with cochlear deafness induced by firecracker explosion, fibrous degeneration of the endolymphatic sac was observed 4 months after the disappearance of Preyer's reflex. Endolymphatic hydrops induced by noise exposure may develop as the results of degeneration of the endolymphatic sac due to cochlear deafness by acoustic trauma after the lapse of a long period of time.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A case of delayed endolymphatic hydrops.

A 30-year-old male with delayed endolymphatic hydrops was given a sac operation. An intradural portion of the endolymphatic sac was resected and the epithelial surface was examined under a scanning electron microscope. The epithelium showed fibrous degeneration and disappearance of the epithelial cells. Pathogenesis of degeneration of the endolymphatic sac is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Altered distribution of motor neurons in experimental facial nerve paralysis.

The alteration of motor neurons in the brainstem after recovery from experimental facial nerve paralysis was examined by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique in the rabbit. Six months after nerve crush injury at the center of the vertical portion, HRP was injected into the zygomatic muscle on the recovered side. The distribution of labelled neurons in the brainstem was compared with that in the normal rabbit. In control animals, motor neurons in the facial nucleus were somatotopically organized, and there were no labelled neurons in other nuclei in the brainstem. In recovered animals, on the contrary, the somatotopic organization of the facial nucleus was obscure and multipolar neurons of varying size were labelled bilaterally in the reticular formation from the pons to the medulla.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Scanning electron microscopy and immunoglobulins of the endolymphatic sac in Menière's disease.

SEM and immunoglobulin staining of the intradural portion of the endolymphatic sac (ES) were investigated. All 15 normal subjects, from fetuses to an 80-year-old adult, showed well arranged epithelial cells. In Menière's disease (all 15 patients) the ES showed various types degeneration of the epithelial cells. Inner ear deafness experimentally produced by kanamycin injection showed a similar degeneration of the ES. IgG of the ES in Menière's disease showed moderately evident deposits compared with normal subjects. However, these findings were also found to the same degree as IgG deposits in animal deafness produced by KM injection. From the above results it can reasonably be concluded that the degenerated findings of the ES and deposits of the IgG in Menière's disease may possibly be the result of cochlear deafness.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Positional nystagmus due to alteration of the specific gravity in the labyrinth.

Horizontal positional nystagmus having characteristics similar to ice water caloric nystagmus was induced by injecting heavy water into the rabbit middle ear cavity or facial nerve through the stylomastoid foramen. Furthermore, with general administration of glycerol to normal subjects, horizontal positional nystagmus as with general administration of heavy water to experimental animals was observed. It is possible that alteration of the specific gravity arising from infiltration of heavy water or glycerol into the labyrinth accounts for the manifestation of positional nystagmus. These studies on positional nystagmus may be one of the means to elucidate the mechanism of caloric nystagmus and to examine the function of the human blood-labyrinth-barrier.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Testosterone and estradiol in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma tissue.

Five cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) were studied in terms of the presence of testosterone and estradiol in the JNA tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Testosterone was found to be negative and estradiol positive in all cases. JNA is considered to be a tumor associated with estradiol.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical and immunohistological findings of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma experienced in the last six years].

Five patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were found between 1984 and 1990 in our department. Clinical findings, treatment, and postoperative follow-up were reported. Two patients belonged to stage III and remnant 3 patients belonged to stage I. In cases of stage I, a surgical approach through the suprahyoid pharyngotomy was a worthy procedure to try, because angiofibroma was observed under direct vision and hemostasis was easy. In therapeutic planning, the authors emphasized the need of a preoperative staging classification based on CT scanning and selective angiography. In immunohistochemical studies, Langerhans cells with S-100 protein positive were found. Fibroblasts revealed estradiol positive but testosterone showed negative in all cases. Thus, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was considered to be neoplasm related estradiol.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Scanning electron microscopy and immunoglobulins of the endolymphatic sac in normal human subjects and sensorineural deafness. With special reference to Menière's disease.

The pathophysiology of the endolymphatic sac (ES) in Meniere's disease was studied by scanning electron microscopy and staining of immunoglobulins in the intradural portion of the ES. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method by means of paraffin sections was used for staining of immunoglobulins. First, subjects without hearing impairment and malformation of the temporal bone, ranging from a 7-month-old fetus to an 80-year-old adult, were investigated. All subjects, including fetuses, showed well-arranged epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy. The epithelial cells in the proximal portion of the intradural ES were oval, showing a tendency of transitional change to be flat as they drew near the distal portion of the ES. The epithelial cells consisted mostly of light cells, but sporadic dark cells were seen. Regarding the immunoglobulins. IgG was slightly positive in the epithelial and subepithelial layers. All 15 patients with Meniere's disease showed various types of degeneration of the epithelial cells though to varying degrees. However, these findings were also seen in cases of cochlear deafness. On the other hand, the ES of acoustic tumors, with retrocochlear or neural deafness revealed a normal finding, as found in healthy subjects. Inner ear deafness experimentally produced in animals by Kanamycin sulfate (KM) injection showed degeneration of the epithelial cells of the ES similar to that found in human cochlear deafness. IgG of the ES in Meniere's disease showed moderately evident deposits compared to normal subjects. However, this was also found not only in inner ear deafness other than Meniere's disease, but also in animal deafness experimentally produced by KM injection. It is very interesting to note that moderate endolymphatic hydrops was found in animals one year after Preyer's reflex had disappeared. It is postulated that endolymphatic hydrops develop because of impairment of endolymphatic fluid resorption at the rugose portion and stenosis of the lumen in the same portion, due to degeneration of the epithelial cells. From the above results, it is argued that degenerated epithelial cells and immunoglobulins of the ES in Meniere's disease may arise from the sequelae of cochlear deafness. It is also hypothesized that endolymphatic hydrops--at least in the terminal stage of Meniere's disease--may be consistent with the same pathophysiological conditions as in animal experiments.

Adult↗