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Biomedical subjects

H Kumon

Publications and source records attributed to H Kumon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Molecular characterization of two forms of nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin components of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins.

The entire sequences of the type A nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin gene and an adjacent open reading frame designated as orf 22-a, which are located between the neurotoxin and the HA-35 genes were determined. SDS-PAGE and N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the purified type A progenitor toxins (12S, 16S and 19S) indicate that the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinins of 16S and 19S are single peptides of approximately 120k, but that of 12S has a cleavage at the site between Pro-144 and Phe-145 of this protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Drug sensitivity and expression of beta-lactamase in enterococci isolated at Okayama University Hospital].

The following results were obtained from a study of Enterococci isolated at the Okayama University Hospital from 1990 to 1994. 1) The isolation frequency of Enterococci was about 6% for each year. 2) The percentage of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) among Enterococci decreased each year, but the percentage of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), and Enterococcus avium (E. avium) increased each year. 3) Results of drug sensitivity tests revealed that the incidence of ofloxacin (OFLX) resistant E. faecalis and E. avium increased each year. Also, the resistance of E. faecalis to ampicillin (ABPC), the primary medication choice for treating E. faecalis, increased each year. 4) A few vancomycin (VCM) non-sensitive Enterococci were isolated. These bacteria showed low-sensitivity toward ABPC, imipenem (IPM), gentamicin (GM), and OFLX, and the extent of multiple drug resistance increased each year. 5) One hundred strains of Enterococci were selected to examine the expression of beta-lactamase using the broth method and the iodine-starch method. However, beta-lactamase producing strains were not detected.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Combination effect of fosfomycin and ofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in a biofilm.

We examined the combined effect of fosfomycin and ofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms by using an in vitro experimental system with a modified Robbins device. Sessile cells in a mature or immature biofilm, developed on a silicon disk, were used, and an ATP bioluminescence assay was employed to assess antibacterial effects. A synergistic effect of fosfomycin and ofloxacin was clearly detected when concentrations at which each drug independently produced no detectable decrease in the bioactivity of sessile cells were used. Exposure of the cells in a mature biofilm to fosfomycin at concentrations of one-eighth of the MIC to 10 times the MIC (6.25 to 500 micrograms/ml) and ofloxacin at three or 10 times the MIC (18.75 or 62.5 micrograms/ml) resulted in reduction of the bioactivity to 1.5 to 4.5% after 72 h. Young sessile cells in an immature biofilm were more susceptible to this combination therapy. With a combination of fosfomycin at three times the MIC and ofloxacin at three times the MIC, complete eradication was confirmed by both ATP assay and scanning electron microscopy.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

A sandwich cup method for the penetration assay of antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas exopolysaccharides.

We developed new sandwich cup method to assay the penetration of various antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas exopolysaccharides. Using alginate extracted from mucoid-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gellan gum from Pseudomonas elodea, the role of exopolysaccharides as a barrier against drug penetration was examined. The penetration of positively charged hydrophilic drugs such as aminoglycosides and polypeptides was markedly inhibited by the gels tested, but that of beta-lactams, quinolones, and macrolides was not inhibited. The penetration of gentamicin was strongly influenced by the gel concentration, the solution to be used, and the presence of Ca2+. These results suggest that the microenvironment at the infection site could greatly influence drug penetration through biofilms in vivo.

Alginates↗
PubMed1994

[Re-examination of the criteria for clinical evaluation on bacterial prostatitis--analysis of the data of the clinical study of temafloxacin].

The clinical efficacy of temafloxacin (TMFX) was evaluated in the patients with acute prostatitis (AP: 31 cases) and chronic prostatitis (CP: 75 cases), and the criteria for clinical evaluation on bacterial prostatitis by the Japanese UTI Committee were re-examined. The clinical efficacy of TMFX on prostatitis was examined. The number of the evaluable cases by doctors in charge were 30 and 68 for AP and CP, respectively. The efficacy rates were as high as 96.7% for AP and 80.9% for CP. In the patients whose efficacy could be evaluated by the Committee, the efficacy rates were as high as 100% (15/15) for acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) and 66.7% (18/27) for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). The bacteriological eradication rates were 100% (15/15) for ABP and 81.5% (22/27) for CBP. Adverse drug reactions were observed in 8 of 100 cases (total evaluable cases) but they clinically did not consist any problems. Abnormal laboratory test findings were observed in 9 of 71 cases (total evaluable cases), whose changes were all slight and did not clinically cause any problem. Therefore, TMFX was concluded to be highly useful in the treatment of ABP and CBP. The criteria for clinical evaluation on bacterial prostatitis were re-examined. Concerning the treatment period, comparison of the evaluation at Day 7 with that at Day 14 in ABP revealed that the efficacy was evaluable at Day 7. In the same way, comparison of the evaluation at Day 14 with that at Day 28 in CBP revealed that the efficacy was evaluable at Day 14. Concerning the pathogens, in ABP, the major pathogens were considered to be GNR as well as E. coli. On the other hand, in CBP, GNR and E. faecalis, that were generally authorized to be pathogens, were detected in less than half of the patients, and CNS were detected in the other patients. Among the CNS cases, there were some cases that showed no relationship between improvement of clinical symptoms and bacterial response. Therefore, it is necessary to perform further studies on this matter. In conclusion, regarding the criteria for clinical evaluation on bacterial prostatitis proposed by the Japanese UTI committee, the treatment period for evaluation of efficacy was appropriate, and it is necessary to perform further studies in order to determine the pathogens in bacterial prostatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Transrectal hyperthermia for the treatment of chronic prostatitis].

A total of 36 cases with chronic non-bacterial and non-chlamydial prostatitis or prostatodynia underwent 5 weekly, 1-hour sessions of transrectal microwave hyperthermia (43 degrees C) to the prostate. All patients had a long history of the condition and failed to respond to a variety of conventional treatments. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by the effects on subjective symptoms and/or on white blood cells in expressed prostatic secretions. Concerning the overall clinical efficacy, excellent results were obtained in 11 (30.6%), good in 8 (22.2%), fair in 8 (22.2%) and poor in 9 (25.2%). Although minor complications were noted in 5 cases (anal pain; 2, hematospermia; 1, hematuria; 1), all cases received full sessions. These results indicated the usefulness of the hyperthermia for this benign condition, which has so far responded poorly to the conventional therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detection of a local prostatic immune response to bacterial prostatitis.

Bacteria-specific antibody responses in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) were investigated by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Positive responses were observed in all 12 patients with acute bacterial prostatis due to gram-negative rods. However, in 41 patients with chromic prostatitis, antibody responses varied depending on the bacterial species; no positive responses were observed in cases resulting from gram-positive cocci.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of renal function by dynamic CT].

Dynamic CT scans of the kidney were conducted in 57 persons with varied renal function. The results of dynamic CT were used to obtain time-density curves for renal cortex, medulla and aorta. Various parameters were calculated from these time-density curves. Among them, CA ratio, the ratio of the area under the renal cortex curve to the area under the aortic curve, showed the best correlation with creatinine clearance. With these parameters, dynamic CT studies are believed to be useful in evaluating renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of lichen constituents on mutagenicity induced by heterocyclic amines.

Physodic acid, one of the main constituents of Hypogymnia enteromorpha, inhibited the mutagenicity of indirect mutagens, including benzo[a]pyrene and heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. In contrast, it was not effective against direct mutagens such as 6-nitropiperonal and adriamycin. Its antimutagenicity was not associated with free-radical scavenging or antioxidative activities. Physodic acid seemed to inhibit the formation of reactive metabolites, such as N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2, by blocking the hepatic microsomal oxidation systems. Another component of H. enteromorpha, physodalic acid, also inhibited mutagenicity of a heterocyclic amine, Trp-P-2, in S. typhimurium TA 98, even though it was reportedly mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 100.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of chronic unilateral hematuria of uncertain etiology.

We evaluated 12 patients with unilateral unexplained gross hematuria by flexible ureteropyeloscopy and percutaneous pyeloscopy. All patients had localized bleeding except for 1 with diffuse bleeding caused by the nutcracker phenomenon, and 2 in whom no hematuria appeared upon examination and no gross lesions were observed. Among the 9 patients with localized bleeding transitional cell carcinoma was found in 1, hemangioma in 4 and minute venous rupture in 4. These 9 patients were treated endoscopically and no recurrences were observed during a follow-up of 6 to 21 months (average 10.3 months). Our results underscore the importance and efficacy of flexible ureteropyeloscopy in the evaluation and management of chronic unilateral hematuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Isoantigens ABH in bladder tumors as an indicator of malignant potential. The staining pattern by PAP method and its correlation with prognosis].

Blood group antigens (BGA) were stained by PAP methods and the relation between staining pattern (classified into five types: I, II, IIIa, IIIb and IV) and tumor prognosis was examined in 54 patients with primary superficial bladder tumor. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in BGA negative (Type IIIb or IV) or Type IIIa cases than in antigen positive (Type I or II) cases. Stage-up was observed only in BGA negative cases. Although staining pattern of recurrent tumor differed from that of primary tumor in some cases, it is believed that prediction of malignant potential should be performed at the primary development, when tumor has not been influenced by treatments. With regard to the relation between staining pattern and tumor prognosis, no significant difference was found between the cases of A, B and AB blood groups and those of O group.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1990

[Study of finding the optimum dose of cefetamet pivoxil in complicated urinary tract infections].

To find the optimum dose of cefetamet pivoxil (CEMT-PI, Ro 15-8075), a new oral cephem, in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, we performed a randomized trial using cefaclor (CCL) as the control drug. The subjects were patients with complicated urinary tract infections associated with underlying urinary tract diseases. Patients with indwelling catheter were excluded from the analysis, as were patients with infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients were treated with 250 mg of CEMT-PI (CEMT-PI-L) 2 times a day, 500 mg of CEMT-PI (CEMT-PI-H)2 times a day or 500 mg of CCL 3 times a day for 7 days. The overall clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of the criteria proposed by the Japanese UTI Committee. Of the 103 patients evaluated for clinical efficacy, 36 patients received CEMT-PI-L, 37 patients received CEMT-PI-H and 30 patients received CCL. No significant difference in background characteristics was observed among the three treatment groups. The overall clinical efficacies at day 3 judgement were 67.9% in 28 patients treated with CEMT-PI-L, 60.0% in 30 patients treated with CEMT-PI-H and 72.0% in 25 patients treated with CCL, with no statistically significant difference. Those at day 7 judgement was 63.6% in 33 patients treated with CEMT-PI-L, 66.7% in 36 patients treated with CEMT-PI-H and 72.4% in 29 patients treated with CCL, with no statistically significant difference. The bacteriological eradication rates at day 3 judgement were 79.5% of 39 strains in the CEMT-PI-L group, 73.2% of 41 strains in the CEMT-PI-H group and 84.4% of 32 strains in the CCL group, with no statistically significant difference. Those at day 7 judgement was 78.7% of 47 strains in the CEMT-PI-L group, 85.5% of 55 strains in the CEMT-PI-H group and 94.9% of 39 strains in the CCL group, with no statistically significant difference. The overall clinical efficacy and bacteriological eradication rate at day 7 judgement for CEMT-PI-H were higher than those for CEMT-PI-L. Clinical adverse reactions were observed in one patient in each of the 3 groups, but no statistically significant difference was found. We have concluded that the optimum daily dose of CEMT-PI in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection is 1,000 mg.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[A new automated renal biopsy technique under ultrasound guidance].

We evaluated a new automated biopsy device for percutaneous renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance, which was recently introduced in Japan for prostate biopsies. This device (Biopty-Gun: Bard Biopty Instrument Uppsala, Sweden) employs a Tru-Cut type smaller needle (18 gauge). We were able to obtain one or two renal tissues in all 57 cases with great ease and in little time. The length of specimen was sufficient (5-17 mm), but the width was thinner than the samples with the Vim-Silverman or Tru-Cut needles. We could achieve a definitive pathological diagnosis in 54 of 57 cases (94.7%), but now, we try to obtain two pieces of tissue for taking more adequate tissue. Only three patients had perirenal hematomas noted by computerized tomography or ultrasonography. We believe that this new automated technique offers a safer and more effective means of obtaining renal tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A comparative study on lomefloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis].

To objectively evaluate the efficacy, safety and utility of lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, a comparative double blind trial was performed using norfloxacin (NFLX) as the control drug. In both groups, the drug was orally administered after meals for 3 days in a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. and clinical efficacies were assessed on the 3rd day (the 1st assessment) according to the criteria by the UTI Committee in Japan. Subsequently, either the active drug (NY-198 or NFLX) or placebo was administered for 4 days and the 2nd assessment was performed on the 7th day. Further, in patients who showed excellent responses at the 2nd assessment, recurrence was examined on the 14th day (the 3rd assessment) and on around the 21st day (the 4th assessment) following a subsequent 7-day placebo treatment. 1. A total of 258 patients was treated, and among them clinical efficacies were evaluable in 207 patients (NY-198: 106, NFLX: 101) at the 1st assessment, and in 176 patients (NY-198-NY-198 which was the combination of the 1st and 2nd administrations: 47, NY-198-placebo: 43, NFLX-NFLX: 44, NFLX-placebo: 42). 2. In the evaluation of overall clinical efficacy by the committee at the 1st assessment, the overall efficacy rates in the NY-198 group and the NFLX group were 76.4% and 64.4% (excellent), respectively, or 100% and 99.0% (excellent and good), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In the 1st assessment on effects of drugs on pain at micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria and on bacteriological response, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. 3. In the 2nd assessment by the committee, there were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups in the overall clinical efficacies and the effects on bacteriuria (P less than 0.05). No difference was observed between NY-198 group and NFLX group, but the groups administered with active drug for 7 days, i.e. NY-198-NY-198 group and NFLX-NFLX group were significantly superior to the groups administered with active drug for 3 days and placebo for subsequent 4 days, i.e. NY-198-placebo group and NFLX-placebo group (P less than 0.05). There were no differences in the effects on pain at micturition and pyuria among the 4 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetics of arbekacin in healthy volunteers and patients with renal insufficiency].

Pharmacokinetics of arbekacin (HBK), a new aminoglycoside, was studied. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion were determined after single intravenous drip infusion of 100 mg HBK for 1 hour to healthy volunteers and patients with renal insufficiency of various kinds. The drug concentration was determined with bioassay, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic analysis was made in accordance with the two-compartment open model, and 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) was used as the renal function index. In all cases peak serum levels were detected 1 hour after administration, and similar values were noted regardless of subjects' proficiencies of renal function. However, the serum clearance during beta-phase tended to be prolonged parallel with the degree of renal insufficiency. The excretion of HBK into urine was prolonged and cumulative recovery tended to be decreased in association with the decreased valued of Ccr.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prostatic tissue and fluid levels of lomefloxacin (NY-198)].

The concentration of Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone, in human prostatic tissue and fluid was examined. Lomefloxacin was concentrated in prostatic gland and the mean ratios of prostatic tissue levels to serum levels (P/S) were 1.39-1.83 during 2 to 6 hrs after administration. Concerning prostatic fluid concentrations, there were no significant differences between healthy volunteers and patients with chronic prostatitis. The mean ratios of prostatic fluid levels to serum levels (Pf/S) were 0.36-0.77 during 1 to 4 hrs after administration. The concentration of Lomefloxacin in the prostatic tissue and fluid is high enough to eradicate the majority of pathogens causing bacterial prostatitis.

4-Quinolones↗