Effect of FK 506 and donor-specific blood transfusion on the rat composite tissue limb allograft and the mechanism of long-term graft survival.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kuroki
Publications and source records attributed to H Kuroki.
[Thyroid hormones in patients with clinical stable pneumoconiosis].
It is well established that alterations of serum thyroid indices frequently occur in nonthyroid disease. The most common finding is a reduced serum T3 concentration in systemic illness, termed low T3 syndrome. It is considered that this syndrome is a beneficial adaptation to severe illness and reflects the duration and severity of illness. We measured serum thyroid hormones, pulmonary functions, and arterial blood gases in 245 patients (mean: 67.0 years) with clinical stable pneumoconiosis, and investigated the relations of thyroid hormones and other measurements. We also investigated the relation of thyroid hormones and radiographic findings. 1) There was a significant correlation between serum level of free T3 and %VC (p < 0.05), and between serum level of free T3 and FEV1.0 (p < 0.01). 2) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and other pulmonary functions (V25/HT, FEV1.0%). 3) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2 and A-aDO2). 4) There was no apparent correlation between serum level of free T3 and radiographic findings. 5) Serum levels of free T4 and T4 showed no apparent correlations with other parameters. These results suggest that serum level of free T3 can be helpful to evaluate the clinical severity in patients with pneumoconiosis.
Aged↗
[Change of PCDF concentrations in the blood of Yusho patients in recent ten years].
The blood of 16 Yusho patients sampled from 1982 (14 years after the incident) to 1992 were analyzed for congeners of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electron capture detection, respectively. Biological half-lives of PCDFs and PCBs were estimated by following the change of blood concentrations of the Yusho patients in the equation of 1-compartment model. The biological half-lives of 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-penta-CDF and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-hexa-CDF in 8 individuals varied from 6.0 to 76 years with median 11.7 years and from 4.8 to 26.5 years with median 7.0 years, respectively. The half-lives of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hepta-CDF in 4 individuals varied from 2.1 to 15 years. Concentrations of PCBs in 13 individuals were estimated to be slowly decreased and increased with several years half-life in about half-and-half numbers.
Aged↗
[PCB methylsulfone accumulated in muscle of mink dosed with PCB (Clophen A50)].
The structural requirements of the parent PCBs for the formation of the retained PCB methylsulfones (MeSO2-CBs) were investigated in mink (Mustela vison) exposed to PCB (Clophen A50). Muscle was analyzed for the MeSO2-CBs, which were determined by comparison of synthesized reference compounds. Major unmetabolized CBs such as 2, 4, 5, 2', 4'-pentaCB, 2, 4, 5, 2', 3', 4'-hexaCB, 2, 4, 5, 2', 4', 5'-hexaCB and 2, 3, 4, 5, 2', 4', 5'-heptaCB were determined in high concentrations in the mink muscle. All these PCBs are substituted in the 2, 4, 5-positions of at least one of the phenyl rings. On the other hand, CBs with free meta/para-positions were readily metabolized. Thus, at least 25 MeSO2-CBs were detected at concentration of 16 micrograms/g in extracted lipids from the muscle, corresponding to one tenth of PCB levels. Most of the methyl sulfone metabolites were 3- and 4-MeSO2-CB isomers of PCBs known to be rapidly metabolized, e.g. 2, 4, 2', 5'-tetraCB, 2, 3, 6, 4'-tetraCB, 2, 5, 3', 5'-pentaCB, 2, 4, 5, 2', 5'-pentaCB, 2, 3, 4, 2', 5'-pentaCB, 2, 3, 6, 3', 4'-pentaCB, 2, 3, 6, 2', 4', 5'-hexaCB and 2, 3, 6, 2', 3', 4'-hexaCB. 3-MeSO2-2, 5, 2', 5'-tetraCB and 3-MeSO2-2, 5, 6, 2', 5'-pentaCB were also found to be retained in the muscle, but their isomeric 4-MeSO2-CBs were not detected. Both the 3- and 4-MeSO2-2, 5, 6, 2', 4', 5'-hexaCB isomers were identified in the muscle extracts while no MeSO2-CB metabolite originating from 2, 3, 2', 4', 5'-pentaCB were detected in the muscle. These results show the PCBs with at least one phenyl ring with 2, 5-dichloro- and 2, 3, 6-trichloro-substitution are strongly favored and may be considered a criterion for the formation of MeSO2-CBs accumulated in mink muscle. These observations are in accordance with MeSO2-CBs detected also in other mammals.
Animals↗
[Accumulation of hydroxylated PCB metabolites in blood].
In order to investigate some potential accumulate properties of hydroxylated PCB metabolites, blood and tissues such as livers, kidneys, lungs and adipose tissue from rats exposed to a commercial PCB (Aroclor 1254) were analyzed for hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs). A large number of OH-PCBs were detected in the liver 1 day after exposure among which almost 13 have been identified in the blood. OH-PCBs were retained selectively in the blood probably due to binding between the OH-PCBs and a protein in serum. One major OH-PCB determined in rat blood was 4-OH-2', 3, 3', 4', 5-pentaCB formed from 2, 3, 3', 4, 4'-pentaCB after NIH shift. Blood of a grey seal from the Baltic also contained at least 8 OH-PCB congeners with 2 major compounds determined as 4-OH-2', 3, 3', 4', 5-pentaCB and 4-OH-2, 3, 3', 4', 5, 5'-hexaCB. Thus, 4-OH-2', 3, 3', 4', 5-pentaCB is the most retainable OH-PCB congener in blood from rats and seal. Human serum have also been found to contain a few number of OH-PCBs at concentration of 0.6 ng/g serum which corresponds to one fourth of PCB level.
Animals↗
[A case of eosinophilic granuloma associated with a brain lesion].
A 32-year-old man was hospitalized due to right pneumothorax. Chest X-ray showed interstitial shadows predominantly in the upper and middle lung fields. Eosinophilic granuloma was diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy. He had a history of paraesthesia in the right arm for 6 months prior to the pneumothorax. Initially, head CT showed an iso-dense area enhanced with contrast medium in the left temporal lobe. Two weeks after the onset of paraesthesia, head CT showed an iso-dense lesion surrounded by low density area. Subjective symptoms disappeared in a month, and no abnormalities on head CT were seen at 2 months. It is highly suspected; therefore, that the present case of eosinophilic granuloma was associated with a brain lesion.
Adult↗
Neonatal Legionnaires' disease. Histopathological findings in an autopsied neonate.
A neonatal case of legionnaires' disease (LD) is reported. A male neonate was admitted to our hospital with high fever and dyspnea, which had started 5 days after birth, and died due to severe pneumonia at 10 days old. An autopsy revealed small areas of granular consolidation scattered diffusely in the bilateral lungs. Microscopic examination of the lungs showed mainly lobularly distributed pneumonia. Extensive exudation of macrophages and neutrophils was observed in the terminal respiratory tract and alveolar spaces. Warthin-Starry and Gimenez staining and electron microscopy detected many coccobacilli in the cytoplasm of exudated macrophages and neutrophils. Immunofluorescence staining using antiserum against Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, showed a positive reaction. Bacteriological examinations of aspirate from the respiratory tract and autopsied lung tissue confirmed the presence of Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. Extrapulmonary LD was not detected. LD usually affects aged or immunocompromised hosts, but there was no evidence of immune deficiency in this case. Pediatric cases of LD have rarely been reported, and a survey of the literature revealed few neonatal cases. The present case may alert neonatologists and other medical personnel to the possibility of neonatal LD infection.
Autopsy↗
Fatal and near fatal asthma.
Despite the recent development of apparently effective asthma drugs, the number of deaths from asthma has not declined. The authors tried to establish an optimal strategy for the prevention of acute asthmatic death by analyzing the circumstances of acute fatal or near-fatal asthma. Data were collected from 51 adult patients admitted to Bokutoh Tertiary Emergency Center due to acute asthma between November 1985 and May 1990 and 38 asthmatic patients admitted to Yokohama City Hospital in 1990. Pre-admission data were obtained through interviews with the patients, their families, or doctors who had seen them. A total of 89 patients were classified into three subgroups: group 1 consisted of patients dead-on-arrival (DOA); group 2, non-DOA patients with disturbed consciousness; and group 3, patients with less severe episodes. Little background information was significantly different among groups, but symptomatic episodes in group 1 patients tended to occur more rapidly. The speed of onset of the episodes was also dependent on the asthma control status. Prehospital care of groups 1 and 2 patients was very poor despite severity of the symptoms. All patients in groups 2 and 3 were successfully treated and discharged, but five of the 26 patients in group 2 died during follow-up periods. Prognosis of patients after discharge appeared to be dependent upon asthma control status before the acute episodes. It was concluded that acute fatal or near fatal asthma could occur in apparently low-risk patients as well as high-risk ones. It was also suggested that the optimal strategy for preventing asthma deaths might be variable.
Adult↗
Morphological and immunological analysis of rats with long-term-surviving limb allografts induced by a short course of FK 506 or cyclosporine.
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Animals↗
Synergistic effect of FK 506 and donor-specific blood transfusion on rat skin but not on composite tissue (limb) allograft survival.
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Animals↗
[A clinical study of twelve cases of drug-induced pneumonitis].
Twelve cases of drug-induced pneumonitis were clinically investigated. Treatment of antimicrobial agents in 8 cases of drug-induced pneumonitis ranged from 7-21 days (mean 12 days) and that of other drugs in 4 cases from 18-150 days (mean 70 days). The patients developed fever and dyspnea at a high rate of frequency. Abnormal laboratory findings included increased IgE (44%), eosinophilia (36%), and increased GOT and GPT in 33%. Chest X-ray films revealed a large reticulo-nodular or ground glass shadows in both lung fields. The results of lymphocyte stimulation tests were positive in 5 of 11 cases (45%). Eight cases demonstrated a rapid improvement by discontinuation of the drug and corticosteroid was administered in 4 cases. The drug received by the patient and their known risk of pulmonary toxicity should be kept in mind in order to reach a diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis and grasp the clinical picture of this disease. A provocation test is potentially dangerous, therefore it should not be carried out lightly.
Adult↗
[Acute toxicity, inductive effects of liver enzymes and distribution in the liver of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats].
Acute toxicity, inductive effects of liver enzymes and liver persistency of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PenCDD) were compared with those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) using male Wistar rats. 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD treatment at a dose of 0.1 mumol/kg resulted in significant depression of growth of rats from a day to 28 days after treatment. However, the effect was relatively less than that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. On 5 days, similarly to 2,3,7,8-TCDD-treated group, liver hypertrophy and thymic atrophy were observed in 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD-treated groups. In addition, 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD showed potent 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducing ability. For example, the activities of benzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxylase and DT-diaphorase were 25-fold and 10-fold of control, respectively. On 30 days, about 50% of the inductive effects on 5 days were maintained in both 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD- and 2,3,7,8-TCDD-treated groups. Amount of 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD distributed to the liver on 5 days was about 80-90% of dose and was about 1.5 times greater than that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. About 50% of dose of 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD remained even on 30 days after treatment. From these results, it is suggested that 1,2,3,7,8-PenCDD possessing the potent acute toxicity comparable to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and higher persistency in the liver might be more important than 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of the chronic toxicity.
Animals↗
[Elimination of PCDF and PCB congeners in the blood of patients with PCB poisoning in Taiwan].
The blood of 3 Yu-cheng patients sampled from 1980 to 1989 were analyzed for congeners of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-electron capture detection. The high concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-penta-, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexa- and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-CDFs (15.4, 37.7 and 4.8 ppb in lipid basis, respectively) were eliminated from the blood at half-lives of 2.14, 2.56 and 2.32 years, respectively. The high concentrations of 8 PCB congeners in the blood were also decreased with time at half-lives of 1.16-4.56 years. The half-lives of retainable PCB congeners were about 2 times longer than those of the PCDF congeners.
Adult↗
[Three cases of meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes type Ib].
Three infants having Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were admitted to our hospital in the last ten years. They were a nineteen-month-old boy, a two-year-old girl and a five-year-old girl. They were all healthy infants. The two female patients survived, while the male patient died. At autopsy, arachnoid turbid, swollen brain substance and slight bleeding under the cerebellar tent were observed. Judging from the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics against the isolated L. monocytogenes, antibacterial activity of penicillin G and ampicillin was good, whereas that of cefotaxime and latamoxef was poor. In conclusion, for therapy of bacterial meningitis due to unknown origin, the combination of ampicillin and cephalosporins is necessary.
Ampicillin↗
[A case of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children].
Recently, isolation of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae has been increasing. The first Japanese case of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis was reported in 1988. We experienced a case of a one-year-old boy with penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis who dead on arrival on his third day of illness. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin G or S. pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood was 0.6 micrograms/ml. We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of 163 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from children from 1985 to 1988. Penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC), cefotaxime (CTX), imipenem (IPM), and vancomycin (VCM) had good susceptibilities to S. pneumoniae. Twelve of the 163 isolates (7.3%) were penicillin-resistant strains whose MIC of PCG were more than 0.1 microgram/ml, and all of them were intermediately resistant. The annual penicillin-resistant rates were 12.5% in 1985, 1.3% in 1986, 0% in 1986, and 19.0% in 1988. We also evaluated the MIC distribution and MIC90 of antibiotics available for meningitis against penicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. pneumoniae. MIC90 of PCG and ABPC against penicillin-resistant strains was 1.56 micrograms/ml, and it might be dangerous to use PCG or ABPC for central nervous system pneumococcal infections. MIC90 of IPM against penicillin-resistant strains was 0.1 microgram/ml, and that of VCM was 0.4 micrograms/ml. There was little fall of susceptibilities of resistant strains in IPM and VCM. We evaluated the MIC distribution and MIC70 of antibiotics for oral usage against penicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. pneumoniae. Although there were falls of susceptibilities of resistant strains in PCG and ABPC, these two antibiotics had the best susceptibilities among the oral antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Acoustic analysis of experimental prosthetic apparatus on spatial distribution formants.
This study concerns the effects of various prosthetic apparatus on speech perception. In this study we analyzed not only the first and second formant frequencies (as have often been studied previously) but also the third formant frequencies, and the three formant frequencies en masse. Our study demonstrated that of the six kinds of prosthetic apparatus we examined, the least effective apparatus was the L.S. type, while the most effective was the M.P. type.
Adult↗
[Observation of occlusal force in prosthetic crown cementings].
The method of pressure force in crown cementing was examined. Continuous occlusal force was always supported by the patients' personal occlusal force in cementing crowns. We found that continuous occlusal force continuously decreased as the occlusal force increased, and the decreasing morphologies were classified into four types, 'Rapid decrease', 'Step-wise decrease', 'Intermediate decrease' and 'Gradual decrease'.
Bite Force↗
[A case report of psittacosis and chlamydial isolation from a dead pet bird].
A 33-year-old previously healthy woman was seen at this hospital after a week of fever and nonproductive cough. A roentgenogram of the chest showed consolidation in the left upper and middle lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy from left S1 + 2 revealed an increase of mononuclear leukocytes within the interstitial spaces and slight cell infiltration with in the alveoli. Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular constituents showed 47% alveolar macrophage, 38% lymphocytes and 15% neutrophils. She had kept a parakeet, which died just after her illness. We could isolated organisms from the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart and bowel of her pet bird revealing C. psittaci by Giemsa stain, three days after it was buried in the ground. She was given three hundred mg of ofloxacin per day orally for fourteen days and the clinical effect was good. The in vitro activity of ofloxacin was 0.75 microgram/ml.
Adult↗