Biomedical subjects

H Kusaka

Publications and source records attributed to H Kusaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[A case of B-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia presenting ophthalmoplegia].

A 72-year-old man suddenly developed right blepharoptosis and diplopia and subsequently experienced motor and sensory disturbances in his upper and lower limbs. Soon he developed violet eruptions on his trunk and extremities. Approximately 2 months after the onset of his neurological symptoms, laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of B-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia. The patient died 5 days later. Autopsy findings comprised prominent intrafascicular infiltration of leukemic cells in multiple peripheral nerves, including cranial and dorsal roots. However, there was no parenchymal involvement except in the dorsal root ganglia. In acute leukemia, infiltration of malignant cells in the peripheral nervous system has been reported to be uncommon compared with that in malignant lymphoma. This case of acute lymphocytic leukemia was considered to be unique with regard to the onset of neurological symptoms and autopsy findings.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Two siblings of type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis with different clinical features and different ages of onset].

We experienced two siblings of type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis. A 33-year-old woman developed dysarthria, dysbasia and bradykinesia at around the age of 30. Her 28-year-old brother showed locomotor retardation and skeletal deformity in infancy. He lost the ability to stand walk at childhood, and developed progressive dystonia. The major neurologic manifestations were parkinsonian symptoms in the elder sister, and progressive dystonia in her brother. Both had markedly reduced beta-galactosidase activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte and were diagnosed as having type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis. Gene analysis revealed that these patients were homozygotes of the adult type mutant gene. The two siblings are unique in that the clinical manifestations and the age of onset of symptoms differed markedly between them despite the same mutant gene in both cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Basophilic inclusions in sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.

This report concerns immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies on the basophilic inclusions in two cases of sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The inclusion had a globular, irregular-shaped, or sometimes fragmented appearance. Ultra-structurally, the inclusions consisted mainly of thick filamentous structures associated with granules. Focal neurofilamentous accumulations were occasionally observed among the granulofilamentous structures. The basophilic inclusions occasionally showed granular reaction product deposits with an antibody to ubiquitin. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilament and to tau protein.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Intracisternal inclusions in Schwann cells of the sural nerve.

Biopsy of the sural nerve in a 74-year-old man with chronic neuropathy demonstrated Schwann cells that possessed multiple cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with 7- to 8-nm filaments and perinuclear cisterns that were markedly distended with fine granular substances and electron-dense globules. To our knowledge, this is the third case exhibiting filamentous inclusions in Schwann cells. Unlike the previous cases, however, this case showed inclusions in the distended perinuclear cisterns and axonal degeneration. The significance of these alterations remains to be elucidated.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Myelination of two axons by a single Schwann cell.

A Schwann cell can form only one internode of myelin around an axon. However, we observed the formation by a single Schwann cell of myelin around two axons of different diameters in the sural nerve of a 45-year-old man with mononeuritis multiplex. Schwann cell processes spiraled in the same direction around each axon, forming mesaxons. The findings in this case appear to be an undescribed type of aberrant myelination.

Axons↗

PubMed1992

Ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal inclusions in the extramotor cortices of presenile dementia patients with motor neuron disease.

Ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal inclusions were found in the extramotor cortices of ten presenile dementia patients with motor neuron disease. There were inclusions in the hippocampal granular cells and in the small neurons of the superficial layers of the temporal and frontal cortices. Bunina bodies were present in the anterior horn cells in all cases. These results suggest that ubiquitin-related cytoskeletal abnormalities are common in cerebral non-motor small neurons in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Ataxic variant of adrenoleukodystrophy: MRI and CT findings.

A 28-year-old man developed slowly progressive dysarthria and gait disturbance over 7 years. Neurological examination revealed marked ataxia of articulation and gait, mild ataxia and spasticity of all four limbs without intellectual, visual, auditory, sensory or sphincter dysfunction. No physical signs of adrenal hypofunction were found. However, analysis of fatty acid of plasma sphingomyelin showed an increase in very long chain fatty acids, compatible with the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy. Computed tomography disclosed marked atrophy of the cerebellum and pons, and bilateral low-density lesions in the deep while matter of the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed these lesions more clearly, as well as other lesions in the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, despite the absence of cerebral white matter involvement at the time of presentation. This is a rare case of adrenoleukodystrophy presenting as spinocerebellar degeneration and showing marked atrophy and several parenchymatous lesions of the cerebellum and brain stem.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗

PubMed1991

Clinical observation on the association of gallstones and colorectal cancer.

A possible association between gallstones, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer was investigated. The age distribution and mean age of the two cancer groups were identical. The incidence of gallstones in 378 colorectal cancer cases and 869 gastric cancer cases was 7.1% and 5.5%, respectively. Of colorectal cancer cases, 33 cases with multiple carcinomas had a significantly higher gallstone incidence than cases with a solitary carcinoma--24.2% and 5.5%, respectively. The mean age was 5 years older in gallstone cases than in those without gallstones in both cancer groups, and it was 4 years older in multiple-carcinoma cases than in solitary-carcinoma cases in the colorectal cancer group. These results suggest that the higher levels of same causative factors (i.e., dietary fat) are associated with a longer duration of gallstone formation and colorectal cancer development as demonstrated by multiple colorectal-carcinoma cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of dietary perilla oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid on colon carcinogenesis in rats.

The inhibitory effect of dietary perilla oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid against colon carcinogenesis was investigated in rats. Four groups of 26 F344 rats each received an intrarectal dose of 2 mg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea 3 times a week for 2 weeks, and received a diet containing 12% perilla oil, 6% or 12% safflower oil (rich in the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid), or 12% palm oil (rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids). At week 35, the incidence of colon cancer was significantly lower in perilla oil-fed rats than in other dietary groups; 19% vs. 46%, 56% and 58%. When examined at week 10, the concentration of fecal bile acids, known to be tumor promoters, was not significantly different among the dietary groups, and the intrarectal deoxycholic acid-induced colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity, a marker of tumor promotion, was significantly lower in perilla oil-fed group than in other groups. The serum and colonic mucosal fatty acid compositions and the blood plasma prostaglandin E2 level directly reflected the fatty acid composition of each dietary fat. The results suggest that the anti-tumor-promoting effect of dietary perilla oil was a result of a decreased sensitivity of colonic mucosa to tumor promoters arising from the altered fatty acid composition in membrane phospholipid of colonic epithelial cells, and was not a consequence of a decrease of promoters such as bile acids.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Tracheal dimensions at full inflation and deflation in adolescent twins.

Tracheal dimensions at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) were analyzed roentgenographically in 17 pairs of male adolescent twins (mean age 16.3 yr; 12 monozygotic pairs and 5 dizygotic pairs). Genetic factors dominated environmental traits in intra- as well as extrathoracic tracheal width at RV. Extrathoracic tracheal width at TLC was also governed by genetic components. Intrathoracic tracheal depth (anteroposterior diameter), length, and cross-sectional area did not seem to be genetically controlled at TLC and RV. Intrathoracic tracheal cross-sectional area increased by 14.4% and became more elliptical from RV to TLC, owing mainly to an increase in tracheal depth (16.7%). Increments from RV to TLC in tracheal depth but not width correlated with increases in lung width, depth, and height. Intrathoracic trachea was elongated 14% in association with increase in lung height from RV to TLC. At TLC, extrathoracic tracheal width was larger than intrathoracic tracheal width, but this dimension did not differ at RV. These results indicate that genetic factors influence, at least at RV, the tracheal rings more strongly than membranous parts. Intrathoracic tracheal depth but not width increases during inspiration in accordance with increase in lung volume. Extrathoracic tracheal width widens more than intrathoracic trachea from RV to TLC.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis showing wandering shadows in chest roentgenograms.

The case of a 68-year-old woman with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, whose chest roentgenograms showed unusual wandering shadows on separate occasions, is presented. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in her sputa and by bronchial washing, and were identified as Mycobacterium chelonae, subspecies abscessus. The findings of computed tomography and transbronchial lung biopsy were also unique because of multiple peribronchial inflammations. Chemotherapy with anti-tuberculosis agents and a new quinolone drug was successful in this case.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Endodermal epithelial cyst in the prepontine cistern extending into the fourth ventricle--case report.

The authors report a case of epithelial cyst, which recurred 32 years after the initial surgical treatment. Computed tomography showed no abnormality, but magnetic resonance (MR) imaging clearly demonstrated a well-demarcated mass in the prepontine cistern, extending into the fourth ventricle. The lesion showed extreme hyperintensity compared with the surrounding brain on both the T1- and T2-weighted images. The ultrastructural features of the cyst suggested an endodermal origin. MR imaging and electron microscopy are essential for correct diagnosis and exact pathogenetic identification of intracranial cystic lesions.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1991

[Effect of almitrine in acute canine lung injury induced by paraquat].

The effects of intravenously administered almitrine (0.3 or 1.0 micrograms/kg/min, for 30 min) on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were assessed in eight dogs with acute lung injury induced by paraquat under controlled ventilation. Arterial blood gases, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, and ventilation-perfusion distribution (VA/Q) using the multiple inert gas elimination technique were examined before (control) and during infusion of almitrine. Almitrine produced significant increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 17.4 +/- 3.3 (control, mean +/- SD) to 20.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg (1.0 micrograms/kg/min), and in total pulmonary vascular resistance. There was no change in other hemodynamic parameters, arterial gas tensions, or VA/Q distribution. These results indicate that almitrine causes pulmonary vasoconstriction without changing ventilation-perfusion distribution in dogs with paraquat-induced lung injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

[Ureteral cancer resembling pulmonary edema induced by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor].

A 73-year-old woman with ureteral cancer and multiple systemic metastasis was admitted complaining of dyspnea on exertion after administration of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF). On chest examination, coarse crackles were heard during inspiration throughout the lungs. Chest roentgenogram revealed a ground glass infiltration, an air bronchogram in the right lung field and an ill-defined right pulmonary artery. Her symptom and chest roentgenological finding improved and coarse crackles were not heard after discontinuation of rH-TNF. Neutrophils and lymphocytes of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased and transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed slight thickening of alveolar septa with infiltration of inflammatory cells. The pulmonary edema was thought to be caused by rH-TNF which induces adherence of neutrophils to endothelium and stimulates them to increase lysosomal enzyme release and oxygen radical production. As a results, it is thought pulmonary permeability might be increased.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

An adult-onset case of sporadic motor neuron disease with basophilic inclusions.

A 36-year-old man developed motor neuron signs consisting of weakness and atrophy of the right upper limb, which progressed to involve the other limbs along with development of upper motor neuron signs including pseudobulbar palsy. He died 8.5 years after onset. Bilateral precentral gyri and putamina were grossly atrophic. In addition to severe degeneration of bilateral pyramidal tracts and marked neuronal cell loss of the precentral gyri and putamina, basophilic inclusions were widely distributed in the motor cortex, putamina, general somatic motor neurons such as the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal anterior horns, and other areas like the red nucleus and inferior olive. The inclusions were clearly shown with Nissl stain to be anilinophilic irregular masses with distinct rims. Ultrastructurally the inclusions appeared to consist of thick filamentous structures of 12-25 nm in diameter studded with electron-dense ribosome-like granules. Thick filamentous profiles were relatively short or occasionally fragmentary, haphazardly mingled with various amounts of granules and other organelles. No prominent accumulation of 10-nm neurofilaments or eosinophilic inclusions like Bunina bodies were found. The inclusions were indistinguishable from those reported in so-called "juvenile" amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Relationship between blood plasma prostaglandin E2 and liver and lung metastases in colorectal cancer.

The relationship of prostaglandin E2, of which a large amount is produced in various neoplasms, and hematogenous distant metastases was investigated in a total of 44 colorectal cancer patients because of its varied pathophysiologic potentials. The authors found significantly high levels of PGE2 in local venous blood draining the carcinoma and in peripheral blood in cases with liver or lung metastasis, as well as a significantly large amount of PGE2 production in the carcinoma tissue. The results suggest that increased local blood PGE2 could enhance the metastasis formation, and increased peripheral blood PGE2 may be useful in the detection of such metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Analysis of methicillin-cephem resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hospital infection and toxigenicity of MRSA].

MRSA infectious diseases were often observed in our ward including general, pediatric and neurosurgery during recent two years. Following items were investigated for analysing a prevalence of the infections; 1) the frequency of MRSA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical materials, 2) the monthly number of patients with MRSA infectious diseases, 3) the biologic types and the toxigenicity of MRSA isolates from clinical materials, nasal carriers and an environmental material in the ward. The results were as follows. 1) Methicillin-cephem resistant strain was determined in 204 of 247 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (83%). 2) Monthly registration showed a trend that an increased number of the patient in one unit was followed by an increase in other units. 3) Most of MRSA isolates were classified into type II coagulase and two kinds of strains were predominantly found in isolates from clinical materials by plasmid DNA analysis. Most of MRSA isolates had capabilities of producing type C enterotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). The results suggested that the frequent MRSA infectious diseases attributed to hospital infection. Since hospital infection of virulent MRSA may cause serious infectious diseases, much concern to inhibit the spread of this organism should be required.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1990

[A prospective study of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and collagen vascular disease preceded by interstitial pneumonia].

The incidence and latency period of collagen vascular disease (CVD) were surveyed prospectively in patients originally diagnosed as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We also examined whether there were differences between IIP and CVD preceded by interstitial pneumonia. Background information, extrapulmonary symptoms, smoking history, laboratory findings, prognosis (Kaplan-Meier estimates), respiratory functions, and radiological findings were compared. The subjects consisted of 68 patients of whom 13 (19%) developed CVD (RA; 5 cases, DMPM; 5 cases, SLE; 1 case, Sjoegren syndrome; 1 case, Overlap syndrome; 1 case). The latency period for development of CVD was 24.9 +/- 39.2 (mean +/- SD) months. IIP patients who developed CVD were predominantly female and were younger than those without CVD (p less than 0.05). These patients also had faster ESR, higher CPK values, and a higher incidence of arthralgia, joint deformity and clubbed fingers (p less than 0.05). Abnormal shadows around costo-phrenic angles were seen more frequently in patients with CVD (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that quite a number of patients with IIP develop CVD. The clinical course of these patients should be followed by keeping these clinical findings in mind.

Aged↗