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Biomedical subjects

H L Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to H L Cohen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The effects of ethanol on EEG activity in males at risk for alcoholism.

The present investigation examined the effects of placebo (P), low dose (LD) and high dose (HD) ethanol on EEG activity in two groups of males. One group consisted of individuals at high risk for the development of alcoholism (HR, N = 21) while the other consisted of matched, low risk (LR, N = 21) controls. Only one condition (P, LD or HD) was presented each day and condition order was randomized. For each subject, both blood alcohol level(s) (BAL) measured via breathalyzer and EEG activity, using the entire 10/20 international system, were recorded prior to and at intervals of 35, 70, 105 and 140 min after P, LD or HD administration. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to calculate power spectral densities (PSD). Measures of relative area under the power spectral curve were obtained for each of the following frequency bands: slow alpha (SA, 7.5-10 Hz), fast alpha (FA, 10.5-13.0 Hz), slow beta (SB, 13.5-19.5 Hz) and fast beta (FB, 20-26 Hz) at electrodes: F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1 and O2. The results of repeated measures MANOVA conducted on the normalized values of relative areas revealed that at each electrode examined, ethanol elicited significant changes only in SA activity. Risk group differences in SA activity were observed only at electrodes F3, F4 and P4. These differences were the consequence of differential ethanol effects rather than differences in baseline SA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ethanol-induced alterations in electroencephalographic activity in adult males.

The present investigation examined the effects of placebo (P), low-dose (LD), and high-dose (HD) ethanol on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in 21 healthy, adult males (X = 22.7 years). Only one condition (P, LD, or HD) was presented per day and the condition order was randomized. For each subject, blood-alcohol levels measured via breathalyzer and EEG activity, using the entire 10/20 International System, were recorded both prior to and at intervals of 35, 70, 105, and 140 minutes after P, LD, or HD administration. The Fast Fourier Transform was used to calculate power spectral densities for each EEG recording. Measures of the relative areas under the power spectral curve were made for each of the following frequency bands: slow alpha (7.5 to 10 Hz); fast alpha (10.5 to 13.0 Hz); slow beta (13.5 to 19.5 Hz); and fast beta (20 to 26 Hz) at electrodes F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, and O2. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance performed on normalized relative area values revealed that ethanol had significant effects on EEG activity at anterior sites: frontal (F3, F4) and central (C3, C4) that presented as increased activity in the slow alpha frequency band. These results suggest a differential responsivity of both cortical region and EEG frequency band to the effects of ethanol ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Normal ovaries in neonates and infants: a sonographic study of 77 patients 1 day to 24 months old.

OBJECTIVE: Normal values for ovarian measurements in adults have been revised over the past decade. A recent report stated that ovarian cysts were common in healthy girls 2-13 years old, refuting the findings of a 1984 study. No large sonographic study of normal ovaries in girls 1 day to 24 months old has been performed. We evaluated ovaries in girls in this age group to determine the normal volume and prevalence of ovarian cysts. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The ovaries of 77 consecutive patients 1 day to 24 months old were evaluated during routine pelvic sonography. Patients were divided into three age groups: 1 day to 3 months old (when gonadotropin levels are highest because of loss of placental hormonal influence), 4-12 months old (an intermediate group), and 13-24 months old (when gonadotropin levels are low). RESULTS: Ninety-eight ovaries were imaged in three dimensions. The mean volume was 1.06 cm3 (range, 0.7-3.6 cm3) among girls up to 3 months old; 1.05 cm3 (range, 0.2-2.7 cm3) among girls 4-12 months old; and 0.67 cm3 (range, 0.1-1.7 cm3) among girls 13-24 months old. We found no significant difference in mean volumes among the three groups. The prevalence of ovarian cysts was similar in all three groups; ovarian cysts were seen in 84% of all imaged ovaries. Macrocysts (cysts larger than 9 mm) were seen in 18% of all cystic ovaries. CONCLUSION: Ovaries of girls 1 day to 24 months old can have volumes greater than 1 cm3. Ovarian cysts are common. Macrocysts can be seen despite claims that they are rare in girls less than 11 years old.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Focal and diffuse increased echogenicity in the renal parenchyma in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies--an observation.

Eleven patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies undergoing sonographic examinations for reasons unrelated to renal parenchymal disease were incidentally noted to have increased echogenicity in the central portion of the renal parenchyma. This appearance was observed to be a continuum, with some cases showing focally hyperechoic medullary pyramids at one extreme and other cases showing a diffusely echogenic central parenchymal region relative to a thin band of hypoechoic cortical or peripheral parenchyma at the other extreme. The finding of hyperechoic medullae of the kidneys has been reported in patients having conditions associated with hyperuricemia, medullary nephrocalcinosis, or hypokalemia. This sign has not been commonly reported as a finding in patients with sickle syndrome. The thin hypoechoic rim of cortical parenchyma relative to a more echogenic central parenchyma has not been commented on previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Imaging the pediatric pelvis: the normal and abnormal genital tract and simulators of its diseases.

Imaging of the pediatric pelvis has proven of great use in defining the normal and abnormal genital tracts. Sonography is the key screening tool and often the only tool necessary for the diagnosis of problems related to ambiguous genitalia, ovarian and uterine masses, amenorrhea, and abdominal and pelvic pain. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have key roles in the global assessment of the pelvis particularly with regard to the assessment of tumor spread.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fetal choroid plexus cysts: beware the smaller cyst.

Current literature suggests that amniocentesis be performed on fetuses with simple choroid plexus cysts only when such cysts are 1.0 cm or greater in diameter and bilateral. At retrospective analysis of 3,769 patients, choroid plexus cysts were noted in 87 (2.3%), representing a rate three times greater than that of previous reports. Eight-three patients underwent amniocentesis. Six (7.2%) had abnormal karyotypes. Four patients had the commonly associated chromosomal abnormality trisomy 18. Two had karyotypes not usually associated with this problem: mosaic Turner syndrome and trisomy 21. Of the six patients with abnormal karyotypes, one had a 4-mm-diameter unilateral choroid plexus cyst and three had bilateral cysts of 3-5 mm. Only one patient with a 16-mm cyst had any associated structural abnormality discovered at rigorous ultrasound examination. Karyotyping may be necessary in fetuses with small choroid plexus cysts. Deciding which patients should be encouraged to undergo amniocentesis is made more complex by these data.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1992

Ovarian cysts are common in premenarchal girls: a sonographic study of 101 children 2-12 years old.

Previous studies of sonograms in premenarchal girls have reported the typical ovary to be homogeneous in echogenicity, with cysts an uncommon finding, particularly in children less than 6 years old. These studies found no macrocysts (cysts greater than 9 mm in greatest length) in patients less than 11 years old. This information contradicts published pathology studies and our sonographic experience. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of cysts in the ovaries of premenarchal girls. The pelvic sonograms of 101 consecutive premenarchal girls between 2 and 12 years old, without known gynecologic or endocrinologic disease, were prospectively studied. One hundred fifty-five ovaries were adequately imaged in three dimensions. Ovaries were evaluated for the presence or absence of cysts (as defined by sonographic criteria), and the length of the cyst or of the largest cyst, if several were noted, was measured. Cysts were identified in 106 ovaries (68%). Cysts were seen in patients of all ages, particularly in the younger children (2-6 years old). Thirteen of the cysts, noted in 11 patients between 2 and 10 years old, were macrocysts. The typical sonographic appearance of the ovary in premenarchal girls is not homogeneous. Cysts are common in premenarchal girls between 2 and 12 years old and are the cause of the typical heterogeneous image. Macrocysts can be seen in healthy girls less than 11 years old.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Torsion of the testicular appendage. Sonographic diagnosis.

Torsion of the testicular appendages may simulate the clinical and physical examination findings of testicular torsion. Real-time imaging and duplex Doppler scanning aided the diagnosis of this entity in three children. The testes appear normal on sonograms and have normal vascular flow. A circular mass of increased echogenicity with a variably sized central hypoechoic region is seen adjacent to the testicle. We could not relate variations in echogenicity to time delay between clinical pain and sonographic examination.

Adolescent↗