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H L Gillary

Publications and source records attributed to H L Gillary.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus: role of calcium and other divalent cations.

Previous studies indicate that overlapping inward sodium and outward potassium currents play a role in generating the waveform of light-evoked depolarizations (LEDs) in one type of retinal neuron in Strombus luhuanus, a marine gastropod [Chinn, K. S., and Gillary, H. L. (1985). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80A:233-245]. This paper concerns the effects of divalent cations on the LED. The LED can exhibit a distinct early phase of depolarization (DE). Increasing the [Ca2+] in the artificial seawater (ASW) bathing medium reduced the amplitude of the entire LED, and omitting Ca2+ increased it. Adding 10 mM Sr2+ or 10 mM Mn2+ to either normal ASW or 0-Ca2+ ASW decreased the LED amplitude. Adding 10 mM Ba2+ to 0-Ca2+ ASW also decreased the LED amplitude, but adding Ba2+ to normal ASW selectively increased DE. Cd2+ (100 microM) selectively reduced DE when added to normal ASW but not when added to 0-Ca2+ ASW. The results show that a variety of divalent cations can alter the currents that underlie the LED. They also suggest that an inward Ca2+ current occurs during DE.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus: role of sodium and potassium ions.

Light-evoked depolarizations (LED's) in retinal cells of Strombus luhuanus can exhibit an early phase of depolarization (DE), a brief repolarizing phase (RE), and a later depolarizing phase (DL). Lowering external Na+ by substitution with choline, tetramethylammonium or sucrose, reduced the amplitude of the entire LED, but DL was reduced more than DE. Replacement of Na+ with Li+ reduced DE more than DL. Lowering pH reduced DL more than DE, while raising it increased DL but not DE. K+ channel blocking agents, tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, increased RE. During the LED, cell membrane conductance increased in two phases, corresponding to DE and DL. The results suggest LED generation by two separable conductance increases to Na+, corresponding to DE and DL, and another to K+ during RE.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1980

Separable phases of light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus.

The waveforms of light-evoked depolarizations in Strombus retinal neurones can exhibit two sequential peaks or phases, the relative amplitudes of which vary with changes in stimulus intensity and interstimulus interval. Experiments employing either the passage of constant intracellular current or voltage clamp techniques indicate that both phases reverse polarity at intracellular potentials less negative than the resting potential. The potential at which the first phase reverses its polarity is considerably more positive than that of the second phase. The results indicate that the light-evoked depolarizations are generated by at least two different processes; these appear to be separate conductance changes, neither of which is voltage dependent. Under certain conditions, the second phase was inhibited by high extracellular concentrations of Mg2+, indicating that it may arise as a result of chemically mediated synaptic transmission. The first phase did not show such inhibition and appears to be caused by the direct action of light on the cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electrical potentials from the eye and optic nerve of Strombus: effects of electrical stimulation of the optic nerve.

1. Photic stimulation of the mature eye of Strombus can evoke in the optic nerve 'on' activity in numerous small afferent fibres and repetitive 'off' bursts of afferent impulses in a smaller number of larger fibres. 2. Synchronous invasion of the eye by electrically evoked impulses in small optic nerve fibres (apparently the 'on' afferents, antidromically activated) can evoke a burst of impulses in the larger 'off' fibres which propagate away from the eye. Invasion of the eye via one branch of optic nerve can evoke an answering burst in another branch. 3. Such electrically evoked bursts are similar to light-evoked 'off' bursts with respect to their impulse composition, their ability to be inhibited by illumination of the eye, and their susceptibility to MgCl2 anaesthesia. 4. Invasion of the eye by a train of repetitive electrically evoked impulses in the absence of photic stimulation can give rise to repetitive 'off' bursts as well as concomitant oscillatory potentials in the eye which are similar to those normally evoked by cessation of a photic stimulus. 5. The electrically evoked 'off' bursts appear to be caused by an excitatory rebound following the cessation of inhibitory synaptic input from photoreceptors which can be antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the optic nerve. 6. The experimental results suggest that the rhythmic discharge of the 'off' fibres evoked by the cessation of a photic stimulus is mediated by the abrupt decrease of inhibitory synaptic input from the receptors.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1966

Stimulation of the salt receptor of the blowfly. I. NaCl.

Application of NaCl solutions to the tip of a labellar sensillum of the blowfly elicited a repetitive neural response from the salt receptor. The response was examined with respect to reproducibility and adaptation. A threshold was observed for tests with dilute solutions. Above this, the response increased linearly with the logarithm of the molarity. The response was not significantly affected by the pH of stimulating solutions, buffered or not, between 3 and 10. Beyond this range, it was reversibly inhibited until, at greater extremes of pH, atypical stimulation independent of the presence of salt was seen. Receptor sensitivity increased with fly age. The results presented here may be due to effects at sites in the sensillum other than the receptor membrane.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1966

Stimulation of the salt receptor of the blowfly. II. Temperature.

The response of the salt receptor of the blowfly increased with increasing ambient temperature. At constant ambient temperature, the response increased as the relative humidity was raised. At low relative humidity, the temperature of the stimulating solution near its air interface was markedly below ambient temperature, due to evaporation. Warming and cooling the tip of the sensillum while recording from its side respectively raised and lowered the frequency of "spontaneous" action potentials of the receptor. The results indicate that the response of the salt receptor is dependent on the temperature of the stimulus. The Q10 is probably several times greater than one.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1966

Stimulation of the salt receptor of the blowfly. III. The alkali halides.

Application of solutions of each of the alkali halides to the tip of a labellar sensillum of the blowfly elicited a repetitive neural discharge from the salt receptor. The records were qualitatively similar to those for NaCl. For each of the alkali chlorides and sodium halides, the shapes of the curves of the response of the salt receptor as a function of concentration were similar to that for NaCl. The alkali halides exhibited a regular pattern of relative stimulating effectiveness for the salt receptor. The effectiveness of the anions increased monotonically with atomic number. The effectiveness of the cations was greatest for potassium and declined as the atomic number was increased or decreased. This hierarchy for stimulating effectiveness was maintained at all tested molarities. The response to a mixture of two salts appeared to be an average of those to the single salts at concentrations equal to the total concentration of the mixture. Cross-adaptation was observed between the alkali halides. The results indicate that an explanation of stimulation of the salt receptor must apply to all the salts tested and that both the anion and the cation affect a salt's stimulating effectiveness.

Action Potentials↗