Preoperative localization of a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor by retrograde venous catheterization and selective sampling.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H L Judd.
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Striking changes of ovarian function occur with aging. These changes begin subtly with reductions of fecundability being observed after age 25. The transition from reproductive to postreproductive life is characterized by menstrual irregularity including anovulation, or short luteal phases. The most prominent hormonal changes at the menopause are drastic reductions of estradiol and progesterone secretion by the ovary, reflecting the cessation of folliculogenesis and ovulation. Elevations of gonadotropins and reduction of inhibin levels also reflect the loss of folliculogenesis and ovulation. There are accompanying decreases of ovarian androgen secretion; however, the postmenopausal gonad directly secretes more testosterone after, than before, the menopause.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of estrogen replacement therapy on the development of gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Systematic review of the English literature was conducted. All studies that addressed the association between hormone replacement therapy and gallbladder disease published from 1970 to the present were reviewed. RESULTS: Seven observational studies, two clinical trials, two case series, and one nonrandomized and three randomized investigations were reviewed. The results of each study were reported and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increased the chances for gallstone formation.