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Biomedical subjects

H L Müller

Publications and source records attributed to H L Müller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Energy balance trials with a diet rich in fats in the human].

The effects of two diets equal in protein content (12% of energy) but different in carbohydrates (80% of energy) or in fat (68% of energy) were studied in a changeover trial with 6 healthy young subjects. Each person was 2 weeks on each diet. Under the conditions of slight undernutrition and neutral temperature the balances of nitrogen, carbon and energy were assessed in 7-day collection periods, and according to 48-hour measurements of gaseous exchange (carbon-nitrogen balance method) by the procedures of indirect calorimetry. At isocaloric supply of metabolizable energy no differences were found in the retention of N, C and energy. The heat production calculated by indirect calorimetry was not significantly different with both diets. The lower body weight during the high-fat diet was due to higher sodium and water excretion. The high-fat diet resulted in lower fecal and higher urine excretion of nitrogen, but because of a compensative response no difference in nitrogen retention was observed between the two dietary regimens. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and uric acid were higher with fat-rich diet; those of triglycerides were higher with carbohydrate-rich diet. The results demonstrate that the composition of the diet did not influence the energy balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Energy metabolism in fasting and subsequent refeeding].

A metabolism trial with six adult sows was conducted to study the effect of fasting and realimentation on heat production, energy retention, and utilization of energy. Complete balance measurements by indirect calorimetry (CN-method, RQ-method) were carried out from the 8th to the 10th day of fasting, and thereafter from the 1st to the 7th day and from the 33rd to the 36th day of the realimentation phase. Previous to fasting and during the time of refeeding the energy supply was adapted to maintenance requirement. Heat production rose by 20% after refeeding the animals. This heat increment corresponded to 2.2 MJ/kg feed dry matter, or 12% of the energy intake, respectively. The stimulation of heat production induced by refeeding occurred spontaneously within one day. After the first day of refeeding a plateau was reached, which in the course of the steady energy supply was still present even after the 5th week of realimentation. Residual effects of fasting in the mode of a compensatory heat production were not observed. Therefore, a constant utilization of efficiency of metabolizable energy for maintenance was estimated at 82%. The change of body energy during the entire experimental period resulted in a loss of 198 MJ corresponding to about 5% of the body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in lactating cows under restricted protein supply and subsequent refeeding].

The effects of a 17% deficiency of crude protein for four weeks on nutrient digestibility and parameters of N metabolism were investigated using four pairs of monozygotic twin cows. During a period of realimentation of three weeks with slight nutrient oversupply and a further period of three weeks with nutrient supply adjusted to the lactation trend it was examined if residual effects remain. Protein restriction enhanced the excretion of fecal dry matter by 7.7%. Total fecal nitrogen was a high in the restricted group as in the control group. Apparent digestion coefficients for dry matter, organic matter and N-free extracts were lowered by 2 to 3 percent points with deficient protein nutrition. Crude fiber and nitrogen digestibilities declined by 4.5 and 9.8 percent points, respectively. The reduction of urine nitrogen excretion amounted to 47% as consequence of a drastically diminished nitrogen content of urine. Total nitrogen retention (milk-N and body-N) was lowered by 14%. The sum of the relative nitrogen losses via faeces and urine was not different between the protein-deficient and the normal diet. The utilization of feed nitrogen for milk nitrogen excretion was 28.2% in protein deficiency and 25.9% in control feeding. After realimentation no relevant residual effects of the previous protein deficiency were found neither with respect to nutrient digestibility nor to parameters of the nitrogen balance. So far the observed permanent effect in reduced milk yield by 6% of the expected performance can not be explained with changes in digestibility or nitrogen balance.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Thermogenesis from the breakdown of a ketogenic diet in an experimental model using swine].

A respiration calorimetry experiment with 10 matures sows was conducted to study the effect of a ketogenic diet on heat production and energy utilization. The ketogenic diet contained no carbohydrates and 85% of its energy as fat. The control diet was a mixed diet with most of its energy as carbohydrates. Both diets provided the same daily protein intake, which was slightly below the calculated protein requirement. The level of energy intake was adjusted to a moderate positive energy balance. Both diets were allocated to the same animal for three weeks each according to a crossover design. Seven-day collection periods and 48-hours measurements of the gaseous exchange (carbon-nitrogen balance method) were conducted on individual sows per diet. The ketogenic diet substantially increased the energy losses in faeces, which resulted in a energy digestibility of 75% compared to 93% with the mixed diet. The methane production was also significantly depressed. In contrast, the urine energy excretion was not influenced by the extremely high fat diet. The nitrogen balance showed lower faecal nitrogen losses and a higher urine nitrogen excretion in the animals with the high fat diet. Because of this compensative response no difference in nitrogen retention was observed between the two dietary treatments. The ketogenic diet caused no detrimental effects on thermogenesis or energy utilization. The results of both criteria could be fully explained by the well accepted ideas of the efficiency of utilization of the energy from fat under balanced nutrition conditions. Overall the results demonstrate that a high fat diet has no regulatory effect on the usually diet-induced thermogenesis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

[Palatinit--digestibility and energy utilization in model experiments with sows].

A respiration trial with 12 adult sows was conducted as a balanced incomplete block design to study the effect of Palatinit on energy and nitrogen balance. The treatments were the basal diet fed at maintenance level alone or with the addition of sucrose and Palatinit, respectively. The apparent digestibility of the energy of Palatinit was 91.0%, whereas sucrose was completely digested. The fecal excretion of nitrogen after feeding of Palatinit increased about 50% as compared to the group's basal diet and basal diet plus sucrose. The urine energy excretion and the methane losses amounted to 1% of the ingested energy of Palatinit. The efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy was 68.9% for Palatinit and 75.3% for sucrose. Altogether, the results show that 62% of the Palatinit energy and 74.5% of the sucrose energy were retained as body energy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Development and current status of the serodiagnosis of candidiasis].

Present day knowledge of the antigen structure of Blastomyces and the availability of sensitive analytic methods have made serology a valuable aid in the diagnosis of candidiasis. Several factors are essential for correct interpretation: knowledge of the normal titer values obtained by the chosen method, or even better, when supervising patients at risk of mycosis, knowledge of the individual titer; monitoring titer fluctuation and the judicious combination of different methods. The use of Candida albicans as antigen source permits detection of the most common forms of candidiasis. In infections caused by C. krusei, C. pseudotropicalis, and C. guilliermondii, however, homologous antigens must be used to detect the antibodies. Serologic differentiation of mucosal from systemic mycosis is facilitated by detection of antibodies against the cell protein of the blastomycetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of non-lactating and lactating cows under various feeding frequency conditions].

A cross-over trial with nine nonlactating nonpregnant cows (experiment I) and a single-reversal trial with eight lactating cows (experiment II) were conducted to study the effect of feeding frequency upon nitrogen balance. The three treatments in experiment I were twice daily forage and concentrate, twice forage and eight times concentrate, and ten times forage and concentrate per day. In experiment II the animals received their forage and concentrate in two equal feedings daily or the forage in two and the concentrate in six meals per day. The diets had a severely restricted crude fiber content of only 16% in the dry matter of the total ration. In experiment I feeding frequency had no effect on fecal or urinary nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention and nitrogen utilization. In experiment II, the urinary nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased by 9% in response to feeding concentrate six times daily. Fecal and milk nitrogen excretion as well as nitrogen retention and utilization criteria, however, were not significantly different for the two feeding frequencies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of a 2-day increased energy supply on heat production and energy utilization in full-grown sows].

In a respiration trial with 12 nongravid, nonlactating sows, the effect of supplying energy at greatly discrepant levels for 2 days (18, 45, 4.5 and 4.5 g feed/kg 0.75 per meal) on parameters of energy metabolism was studied in comparison with a consistent feed intake (18 g feed/kg 0.75 per meal). The trial was conducted as a change-over design (AB - BA) and included a total of 24 balance periods. The isoenergetic nutrition was aimed at the maintenance energy level. Digestion coefficients for dry matter, nitrogen, carbon and energy were not affected by the inconsistent distribution of the feed supply. Similarly, all parameters of energy metabolism in the sum of the 2-day periods were not different between the two treatments. The maintenance energy exchange averaged 49.1 MJ/2 . days when the energy supply was inconsistent and 48.4 MJ/2 . days in the control group. In the course of the 48-hour measurements, heat production during inconsistent energy supply was higher by 1.8 MJ on the 1st day and 1.2 MJ lower on the 2nd day than in the control group. The additional energy of 17 MJ (75%) supplied in treatment B on the 1st day above that in the control did not seem to have been stored by fat synthesis within this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Energy balance study with a carbohydrate-free protein-fat diet].

The effect of a carbohydrate-free protein-fat (PF) diet compared with a mixed diet (CPF diet) on the energy metabolism was studied in a changeover trial with mature sows. The PF diet contained two thirds of its metabolizable energy as protein and one third as fat; in the CPF diet the relationship was 3.5 carbohydrate: 1 protein: 0.2 fat. Under the conditions of undernutrition and neutral temperature nitrogen, carbon and energy balance were assessed as parameters according to the procedures of indirect calorimetry in four 24-hour measurements each for the gaseous exchange of the animals. At isocaloric supply of metabolizable energy, no differences were found in the N, C and energy retention. The mean heat production amounted to 23.6 MJ/day in both dietary groups. Also, no dietary influence could be observed with regards to the daily time pattern of heat production nor to the physical activity of the animals. Computation of the nutrient utilization on the basis of potential ATP formation resulted in a turnover of 304 mol ATP/day for the mixed diet and in 275 mol ATP for the carbohydrate-free diet. The discrepancy is discussed. Overall, the results show that an increased heat production, providing the possibility of an augmented loss of body energy, could not be induced by the carbohydrate-free protein-fat diet in the course of undernutrition.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗