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Biomedical subjects

H L Schreiber

Publications and source records attributed to H L Schreiber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Organ transplantation, development and perspectives of the legal status].

The FRG has no transplantation law as most other European countries do. A model of agreement is practised which is derived from fundamental principles, i.e., a personal right outlasting death and the agreement of the next of kin for organ removal. The paper favours a legal regulation that resolves the difference between a model of presumed consent on the hand and a model of agreement on the other hand, and advocates informing the next of kin, who can then object as representatives of the deceased.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Simple disturbance of the dam in the neonatal period can alter haloperidol-induced catalepsy in the adult offspring.

Three experiments were performed to determine whether apparently minimal disturbances of dams and litters would influence haloperidol-induced akinesia. In Experiment I, Long-Evans hooded rats (a) were left unmanipulated, (b) received nestcage relocation and observation, (c) received nestcage relocation/observation and maternal separation, or (d) received nestcage relocation/observation and pup handling. The male adult offspring received open-field testing and later received forepaw-on-dowel catalepsy testing following saline, morphine (20 mg/kg), or haloperidol (2 mg/kg). In Experiment II, hooded rats received (a) no manipulation, (b) nestcage relocation, (c) maternal separation, or (d) pup handling. At weaning, dams were tested in the open-field. Activity wheel locomotion of the offspring was assessed following saline or haloperidol for 3 days/week for 3 weeks; then, 5 and 7 days later, rats received haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. In both experiments, manipulations involving the dam reduced the offsprings' haloperidol-induced catalepsy, but, in Experiment II, a history of haloperidol administration distinguished between the effects of nestcage relocation and maternal separation. In Experiment III, Swiss albino mice received (a) no treatment, (b) nestcage relocation and maternal separation, (c) relocation/separation and mild cold stress of pups, (d) relocation/separation and pup handling, or (e) relocation/separation and severe cold stress of pups. Adult male mice received saline or haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg) and inclined grid catalepsy testing. Mice receiving relocation/separation and mice receiving relocation/separation and severe cold stress showed enhanced catalepsy versus control mice. Thus, it was concluded that seemingly innocuous events in infancy can influence the intensity of extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics in adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Social factors influence haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rat.

This study employed manipulations which presumably influence social interactions in rats: (1) paired housing with a heavier conspecific and (2) exposure to the odors of other rats. The dependent variable was the akinetic state induced by haloperidol, a neuroleptic and dopamine antagonist. In Experiment 1, adult male Long-Evans hooded rats were matched by weight and caged alone or in pairs with one rat 30 g heavier than its cagemate. All rats received haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. Heavy rats showed more catalepsy than the lighter member of pairs or weight-matched, singly housed controls. In Experiment 2, adult male rats were left unrecaged or were recaged into cages with bedding recently soiled by females or other adult males. After haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg), the rats exposed to bedding soiled by other adult males showed more catalepsy than did the control groups. Thus, the results of both experiments indicated that social factors can influence the akinesia induced by dopamine antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Truth at bedside in relation to poor prognosis. Legal aspects].

Adjudicary decisions dating from the past have demanded unqualified enlightenment of the patient about his illness. Physicians could disregard this requirement only if there was a danger that this policy might result in severe, irreversible and permanent damage. This interpretation seems too narrow. The physician must carefully weigh what he can and must demand of the patient, depending on the personal situation. Neither rigorous truth at any cost nor the principle of concealment of the hopelessness for the patient's condition is correct. Telling the patient the truth "costs" the physician personal involvement, explanation and human assistance.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1985

REM sleep deprivation effect on apomorphine-induced gnawing is reversed by dexamethasone.

Glucocorticoid feedback was manipulated in rats deprived of REM for six days or left undisturbed in their home cages. One half of each group received concurrent dexamethasone (400 micrograms/kg), while the other half received corn oil. On test day, rats were observed for 5 min, injected with apomorphine (0.8 mg/kg, i.p.), and again observed. Dexamethasone revealed REM-deprivation-enhanced stereotypical gnawing, but had no effect on REM-deprivation-reduced rearing, suggesting the involvement of catecholamine depletion by non-specific stress-related factors in the former REM deprivation effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Legal measures of medical standards].

German law requires "due diligence" of the physician. The courts refer to the state of medical science that is available to a physician who makes every reasonable effort to obtain it. The relevant qualification is to be the skill of an "average" physician. The standard contains normative and factual elements: "good medical practice". The question, however, arises, who establishes the standards for the fields of surgery. The law refers to medical science but lays down minimum requirements. The prevailing standard does not prevent new techniques from being tested, but when they become the standard, cannot be determined in general.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1983

[The physician's liability and required precaution].

Physicians are worried about increasing malpractice litigation. It is necessary to cope with this situation in a way that damages neither the welfare of the patient nor the rights of the physician. A constitutional state therefore requires legal control of the conduct of physicians by judicial non-medical authorities. In law the physician is only liable for deliberate or negligent malpractice, i.e., for the lack of due diligence. The criterion is the generally accepted practice in his field. To establish this standard, the judge depends on the medical expert. The essential difficult problem is to establish the standard and to determine what constitutes a reproachable deviation. Examples include the adoption of previous diagnosis by another physician, the choice between possible therapies and whether to treat as an out-patient. In regard to damages a reasonable average is required, taking into account a physician's training and technical equipment available to him. If strict liability combined with an insurance scheme were introduced, there would be the same problems, because the judge must distinguish between damages caused by the physician and the natural progress of an illness.

Germany, West↗