PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Langmaack

Publications and source records attributed to H Langmaack.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[In-vitro activity of enoxacin: a multicenter study].

The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l, Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% of S. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l). As to P. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 of P. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n = 57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n = 302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Control of serum levels of tobramycin and amikacin during clinical routine treatment conditions (author's transl)].

576 serum levels at peak and before the next dosage (end level) were determined during clinical treatment conditions using radioimmunoassay in 131 patients treated with tobramycin or amikacin because of life-threatening infections. Only 42.8% of tobramycin serum peak levels were within the therapeutic range. 3.6% were potentially toxic, however, 53.6% were in a subtherapeutic range. After amikacin administration only 25% of serum peak levels were in a subtherapeutic range. 54.2% were therapeutic and 20.8% were potentially toxic. The main reason for increased peak and end serum levels was diminished renal function. Infusion treatment with more than 3 1/24 hrs lowered serum peak levels of tobramycin by 38% and of amikacin by 31%. Single doses of 80 mg of tobramycin lead to subtherapeutic concentrations too frequently, whereas single doses of 500 mg of amikacin too frequently lead to potentially toxic serum levels. Control of serum levels during aminoglycoside treatment is recommended particularly in patients at risk with life-threatening infections.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1982

[Campylobacteriosis in humans caused by subspecies intestinalis and fetus. Six new diseases (author's transl)].

The subspecies intestinalis and fetus of Campylobacter fetus are opportunistic pathogens in humans. So far, some 200 types of disease due to these pathogens have been reported from all over the world, and six new diseases are briefly described in this paper. The most frequent disease is sepsis, followed by meningitis. While ticarcillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline are the antibiotics which show activity against these species, a large degree of resistance is seen against cephalothin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. There is a moderate degree of sensitivity to gentamicin. The epidemiology of the disease is not clear, and about twice as many men are affected as women. Subspecies intestinalis was isolated in 95% of all diseases. Antibodies to Campylobacter fetus were detected in 3.9% of the population.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Nosocomial infections in rooming-in system: results of a two-year study].

Nosocomial infections of 1356 mothers and their newborn have been analyzed and compared in three different regimens for postnatal care of newborn (rooming-in service, mixed service and central newborn nursery). The average nosocomial infection rate of mothers was significantly lower in the rooming-in service as compared to the newborn nursery. Most common nosocomial infections of mothers were urinary tract infections, endometritis, wound infection, enteritis and mastitis; in newborn enteritis, oral candida infections, panaritium, conjunctivitis and staphylococcus skin infections. Staphylococcal infection of newborn were higher in the newborn nursery as compared to the rooming-in service. Epidermic nosocomial infections (e.g. enteritis, candida infections) occurred more often in the newborn nursery as compared to the mixed system and rooming-in service. There was an increased risk of cross infections from mothers with wound infection, endometritis and mastitis to their children.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical investigations on reapplicability of resterilized intravascular catheters (author's transl)].

Catheters for cardiovascular and other angiographic investigations can be resterilized by ethyl-oxide. The procedure of sterilisation has to be controled permanently. Reapplicability of catheters has become quite common because of the high price of new catheters. In spite of optimal resterilisation and permanent controll some patients still get fever attacks, because endotoxins cannot be eliminated by this method.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

[Nosocomial infections in an operative intensive care unit. Results of a four year prospective study (author's transl)].

The average nosocomial infection rate during a four year prospective study period was found to be 26.4%. Most common hospital acquired infections were urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemia, infections of the skin and wound infections. The most common isolated organisms were: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infection control programs reduced the infection rate by 32%.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1981

Combination effect of piperacillin with four aminoglycosides on nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The in vitro efficacy of piperacillin in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin against 57 nonfermenting gram-negative bacterial strains was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 34% of all nonfermenting strains were inhibited by additive, 13% by synergistic piperacillin-amino-glycoside combinations. Great variation occurred between the different bacterial species. Piperacillin-aminoglycoside combinations were most active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and least potent on Pseudomonas cepacia. Piperacillin was highly active against P. aeruginosa, P. cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens-putida and Acinetobacter species.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1980

[Surface decontamination in the control of hospital infections: comparison of different methods (author's transl)].

Using a 1% aldehyde disinfectant the bacterial count was reduced by 84% by scrubbing the floor, by 60% with a wet mop and by 50% with a dry mop. However, two hours after floor disinfection the bacterial count was nearly back to pretreatment when walked on again. Disinfectant mats did not decrease bacterial count on the surface behind them. Plastic overshoes did not influence floor contamination. There was no significant difference regarding the infection rate, in an intensive care unit during a six-month period, between routine floor disinfection and cleaning without disinfectant. It is possible that by doing without routine floor disinfection something like 20 million DM can be saved per year. The World Health Organisation also recommends floor disinfection only immediately after contamination of the floor by infectious secretions.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1980

[Spread of Yersinia enterocolitica infection within a hospital (author's transl)].

Infections linked in time and space with Yersinia enterocolitica (serovar 0 : 9, biotype 2, lysotype X3) were observed in 6 cases within one university hospital. After a hospital epidemic in Finland in 1973 (involving 7 persons) this is the 2nd such observation. The spread was demonstrated in two areas. The probable source of infection of one patient group (n = 3) was a 48-year-old dialysis patient admitted with a febrile condition without enteritic symptoms. Pathogens could be demonstrated in his faeces by direct culture, in two contact persons cultivation was possible only with cold enrichment. Blood cultures of the first patient were negative. At about the same time 3 further infections with Yersinia enterocolitica of the same characteristics were observed in hospital personnel from different units. Frequent exchange of staff and patients among affected wards increases likelihood of cross-infection. A dialysis nurse with Yersinia arthritis was the possible link between patients and personnel. Transference of infection from one person to another can be assumed in the above cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ticarcillin concentrations in serum, muscle, and fat after a single intravenous injection.

Ticarcillin concentrations in serum, muscle, and fat were determined simultaneously in 23 patients after the intravenous injection of a single dose of 5 g. The mean concentrations of ticarcillin in serum, muscle, and fat were, respectively, 185 microgram/ml, 18 microgram/g, and 32 microgram/g at 1.0 to 1.5 h after the injections, declining to levels of 11 microgram/ml, 2 microgram/g at 6 to 7 h after the injections. There was no significant difference between the serum tissue ratios at these time periods.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Regression analyses for cefoperazone on Mueller-Hinton agar and DST agar.

A total of 142 gram-positive and 161 gram-negative bacterial strains were tested by an agar diffusion method using antibiotic disks (30 microgram/ml) and the broth dilution method in order to establish a relationship between zone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentration. Mueller-Hinton and DST-Oxoid agars were both evaluated to assess their effects on zone diameters. Computer programmed regression lines of the first and second order were determined, as well as the correlation coefficient of both regression lines. Acceptable correlation coefficients (R = 0.84-0.92) were achieved. The regression lines of the first and second order showed differences, which fell into the category of resistant/susceptible. The DST agar appeared to be better suited than the Mueller-Hinton agar (using the Bauer-Kirby method of the agar diffusion test) to show the differences in the breakpoints.

Bacteria↗