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Biomedical subjects

H M Acland

Publications and source records attributed to H M Acland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ulcerative duodenitis in foals.

Seven foals aged 18 days to 3 1/2 months had either single or multiple full-circumference segments or long antimesenteric bands of necrotizing duodenitis, sharply delineated from adjacent viable duodenum. Perforation of the necrotic wall had occurred in all foals, leading to acute fibrinous peritonitis. On the mucosal surface severe diffuse, acute inflammation and ulceration involved the anterior half of the duodenum. Two further foals, aged 28 and 30 days, had lesions that are believed to be a chronic form of this disease. Both foals had a thickened duodenal wall, with large areas of mucosa replaced by granulation tissue. In addition one had several strictures associated with firm adhesions between the duodenal serosa and adjacent structures, together with ascending cholangiohepatitis and pancreatitis. Eight foals had gastric ulcers that were considered to be of less significance than the duodenal lesions. No etiologic agent could be found by aerobic or anaerobic bacterial culturing, negative contrast electron microscopy for viruses, or immunofluorescence staining for equine herpesvirus 1, equine adenovirus, or equine coronavirus. The possible involvement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Contagious equine metritis: distribution of organisms in experimental infection of mares.

After contagious equine metritis bacteria were inoculated into the uterus of mares, genital tract tissues were examined for presence of the organism by bacteriologic cultural technique and an indirect immunofluorescent staining technique. Up to 14 days after mares were inoculated, the organism was frequently in the lumen of the uterus and in the cervix and, less frequently, in the vagina, vestibule, clitoral fossa, clitoral sinus, and uterine tubes. After 21 to 116 days, the organism was occasionally found on the ovarian surface, in the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina and more frequently in the clitoral sinus and clitoral fossa. The distribution of organisms in the remainder of the genital tract was not different in mares that had been clitorectomized.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Recovery of contagious equine metritis organisms and development of lesions in experimental infection of mares.

Twenty-three of 24 mares were infected experimentally with contagious equine metritis organisms by intrauterine inoculation, and killed 2-116 days later. From mares killed within 14 days after infection the organism could be recovered from many sites in the uterus, and most sites in the cervix, a few sites in the vagina and oviduct and from one clitoral sinus. At this time the endometrial folds were swollen and there were 10-20 ml of fluid in the uterus. In mares killed after 14 days, the organism was recovered from the ovarian surface (1 mare), oviduct (4 mares), uterus (2 mares) and the clitoral sinus (3 mares). Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis was initially acute, and became more severe subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted throughout the experiment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Parma wallaby herpesvirus infection.

Three Parma wallabies (Macropus parma) were inoculated with a herpesvirus recovered from a captive Parma wallaby with fatal naturally-occurring disease. Two intravenously inoculated animals died after 5 days and one animal infected via the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa was killed when moribund at 7 days. An additional two wallabies held in contact with the others became infected; they were killed at 11 days, when one was severely affected and one was mildly affected. All had small vesicles and ulcers of the skin of the upper and lower lips, eyelids, anogenital area and adjacent genital mucosa. Small vesicles and ulcers and large ulcers, with adherent necrotic epithelium and inflammatory debris, were present on the mucosa of the upper lips and adjacent gums and the conjunctiva. Numerous large basophilic or eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the epithelial cells of these vesicles and ulcers and of adjacent hair follicles and sebaceous glands. There was a mild to moderately severe rhinitis. Keratitis was present in two wallabies. Liver lesions were present in two animals but were unlike those seen in herpesviral hepatitis in other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Association of Australian arboviruses with nervous disease in horses.

An outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) occurred in New South Wales during the first five months of 1974. Specimens from 52 horses with nervous disease collected January to May 1974 were examined histopathological or virologically. Although MVE virus was not isolated, 13 horses had serological evidence of recent infection with MVE virus. Another 4 horses had evidence of recent infection with Ross River virus. Two animals had histological evidence of viral infection of the central nervous system. Attempts to experimentally infect 2 horses with a low dose of MVE virus were not successful by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Transmission of a mucosal disease virus infection between sheep.

The transmission of mucosal disease virus (MDV) from infected ewes and their lambs to susceptible sheep was investigated. MDV was recovered from the amniotic fluid of an infected pregnant ewe and from the blood, nasal swabs and urine of hairy lambs. MDV infection was transmitted either at lambing, from infective foetal fluids or lambs, or later as a result of contact with a surviving with a hairy lamb and either aborted or gave birth to an infected hairy lamb. Adult sheep and 12-months-old sheep were less readily infected than were newborn lambs. Pregnant ewes were infected by contact with a hairy lamb and either aborted or gave birth to an infected hairy lamb. A method to minimise spread of the infection in the field is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A mucosal disease virus infection of the pregnant ewe as a cause of a border disease-like condition.

An experiment was designed to investigate whether a condition in Australian sheep with clinical and pathological similarites to Border Disease was caused by the infection of the pregnant ewe with a Mucosal Disease virus (MDV). Forty ewes, at 58 to 63 days after mating, were inoculated with material from lambs in which all, some or none of the tissues examined contained MDV. The clinical condition was observed only in lambs born to ewes inoculated with MDV-positive material and then only to ewes in the group which had serological evidence of MDV infection. It is concluded that the Border Disease-like condition in Australian sheep is caused by the infection of the pregnant ewe with a Mucosal Disease virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A mucosal disease virus as a cause of abortion hairy birth coat and unthriftiness in sheep. 1. Infiction of pregnant ewes and observations on aborted foetuses and lambs dying before one week of age.

A condition resembling border disease has been transmitted by the inoculation of pregnant ewes with material from affected lambs. Forty-nine merino ewes, mated to merino rams 7 to 87 days previously, were inoculated with an homogenate of brain, spinal cord and spleen from affected lambs. Mummified foetuses, abortions and stillbirths were observed, and lambs with hairy birth coats were born to ewes inoculated between days 12 to 70 of gestation. A mucosal disease virus (MDV), present in the original material, was recovered from the aborted foetuses and lambs. Attempts to induce passive protection using bovine anti-serum to the C24V strain of MDV were not successful. The condition was also transmitted by inoculation of pregnant ewes with a cell culture supernatant prepared from tissue cultures that had been inoculated with an organ homogenate pool. MDV was present in the supernatant and was recovered from aborted foetuses and lambs. It is suggested that a condition in sheep in Australia resembling border disease is due to the infection of the pregnant ewe by a mucosal disease virus.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

A mucosal disease virus as a cause of abortion, hairy birth coat and unthriftiness in sheep. 2. Observations on lambs surviving for longer than seven days.

A condition in Australian sheep resembling border disease was transmitted by the inoculation of pregnant ewes with material from affected lambs. This material contained mucosal disease virus (MDV). Twenty-two lambs comprising 6 from uninoculated control ewes, together with 11 with hairy coats and 5 with normal coats from inoculated ewes, were observed from 7 to 182 days after birth. Nine of the lambs from inoculated ewes died during the experiment from a variety of causes. Glial cell abnormalities were observed in control and affected lambs, but only 4 of the 11 hairy lambs were judged to have abnormal glial cells. There were no consistent histopathological findings indicative of MDV infection. MDV was recovered from tissues of all 11 hairy lambs, but not from any of the lambs with normal coats. The hairy lambs appeared to be immunologically tolerant to the virus. Susceptible sheep in contact with the hairy lambs were infected with MDV. It is suggested that a condition in Australian lambs characterised by hairiness of the birth coat and poor viability is due to foetal infection with a mucosal disease virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 1. An outbreak in New South Wales.

Substantial pig mortalities due to heart disease caused by EMC virus infection are described. The majority occurred in 1970 in conjunction with a rodent plague, but retrospective diagnosis of occasional similar mortalities in previous years was possible. Mortality rates in pigs aged 3 to 16 weeks ranged from a few percent to over 50% and the rate was generally highest in younger animals. It is likely that a considerable proportion of cases was sub-clinical. Focal or diffuse pale areas occurred in the myocardium, the wall of the conus arteriosus being most severely affected. In a few animals, resolving lesions were present. Encephalomyocarditis virus was consistently recovered from pigs with acute heart lesions, but not from those in which myocardial fibrosis had commenced. The virus was demonstrated in rodents, although the dependence of pig disease on rodent-derived virus could not be established. Because of similarities between EMC and FMD myocarditides in pigs, specific diagnosis by virus isolation and identification should be obtained whenever possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 2. Experimental disease.

Encephalomycarditis virus recovered from a pig mortality in New South Wales was used to produce experimental infections. Of 34 pigs exposed, 17 died and a further 7 were found to have severe heart lesions when killed. Deaths occurred from 2 to 11 days after exposure with a mode of approximately 3 days. Ten of 11 pigs exposed by intramuscular injection died and the remaining pig was killed after 28 days and found to have severe resolving heart lesions. Of 15 pigs exposed per os to various doses of virus, 6 died, 4 were killed and found to have severe heart lesions and 5 were apparently not infected. Intranasal exposure of 8 pigs resulted in 1 death and 4 pigs with mild to severe heart lesions. Different doses of virus and routes of exposure did not substantially influence the character of the lesions. Lesions were similar to those found previously in field cases, and virus was recovered from all of 19 animals examined with severe acute lesions of 10 days standing or less.

Administration, Intranasal↗