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Biomedical subjects

H M Chiu

Publications and source records attributed to H M Chiu.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Endovascular treatment of radiation-induced petrous internal carotid artery aneurysm presenting with acute haemorrhage. A report of two cases.

Haemorrhage from rupture of petrous ICA aneurysm can be life threatening and emergency treatment is required. We report 2 cases of radiation-induced petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm presenting with acute haemorrhage (epistaxis and otorrhagia) after radiotherapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both patients had a history of RT treatment for NPC. The first patient, a 54-year-old man, presented with sudden severe epistaxis and haemorrhagic shock. The second patient, a 35-year-old man, presented with episodes of severe otorrhagia. The first patient was immediately resuscitated. Obliteration of the aneurysm was performed by endovascular occlusion of the ICA with Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered platinum coils. For the second patient, the aneurysm was treated by deploying a self-expandable stent across the aneurysm neck. In an emergency situation, ruptured petrous ICA aneurysm can be treated with endovascular occlusion of the ICA with microcoils if there is a good collateral blood flow. Alternatively, the aneurysm can be treated by deployment of a stent, which can induce stasis and eventual thrombosis of the aneurysm.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Traumatic intracranial aneurysm in infancy.

An anterior cerebral artery traumatic aneurysm in a 15-month-old infant is described. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomographic angiography. The patient recovered fully after successful clipping of the aneurysm. As the signs of traumatic intracranial aneurysm may be subtle especially in young children, a high degree of suspicion is essential in patients presenting with delayed neurological deterioration after head trauma.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

Subfrontal schwannoma masquerading as meningioma.

Intracranial schwannomas not associated with cranial nerves are rare and seldom encountered in the subfrontal region. We report a case of subfrontal schwannoma in a 21-year-old man who presented with seizures. Radiological features resembled an olfactory groove meningioma. The histological diagnosis of schwannoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with S-100 and electron microscopy. We advocate the use of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy as adjuncts to conventional light microscopy in differentiating schwannomas from meningiomas. Surgery remains the main therapeutic modality and complete excision is associated with cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ethyl isopropylamiloride downregulates Na,K-ATPase gene expression which confers cytotoxicity in primary proximal tubule cell cultures.

Our original attempt was to examine whether inhibition of Na/H exchange in proximal tubule would affect the expression of basolateral membrane protein Na,K-ATPase. Three amiloride analogues were tested within the range of 10(-6) M to 10(-4) M in primary cultures of proximal tubule cells. Only ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) dose-dependently downregulated Na,K-ATPase activity in cultured proximal tubule cells. The time course study revealed that EIPA (10(-4) M) significantly decreased Na,K-ATPase alpha- and alpha-mRNA abundance within 4 hr and suppressed Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-mRNA levels by 76.3 +/- 4.5% and 85.5 +/- 5.8%, respectively, within 24 hr. The decrease in Na,K-ATPase mRNA was followed by a decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity by 22.5 +/- 10.8% and 48.8 +/- 5.9% within 12 and 24 hr, respectively, which could be reflected by a coordinate decrease in levels of both alpha- and mature beta-protein. The cell viability was not affected until 20 hr of EIPA treatment, when an increase in LDH release and cell detachment was observed. Because EIPA rapidly decreased intracellular pH (pHi) to 6.7 within 2 hr and raising pHi to 6.6 by metabolic acidosis could not elicit changes in Na,K-ATPase activity, EIPA-induced downregulation of Na,K-ATPase should not be mediated through H+. In view of the time course of EIPA effects on Na,K-ATPase subunit mRNA, protein, activity and cell toxicity, the cytotoxic effect is likely resulted from a decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity. Take together, we conclude that EIPA induces downregulation of Na,K-ATPase expression via both pre- and post-translational mechanisms, which confers cytotoxic effects on proximal tubule cells.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

Enterotoxin effect on hepatocytes in experimental intestinal obstruction in the rat.

Thirty-two Wistar rats were studied for liver injury caused by enterotoxemia due to experimental intestinal obstruction. In the experimental group, enterotoxin titers were measured 1.83 +/- 0.38, 2.40 +/- 0.39, 10.80 +/- 2.97 (M +/- SE) in the group of the duration of intestional obstruction for 2-, 4-, and 7-day respectively. The distribution of E. coli endotoxin in the liver cell was started from Zone 3 and then extended into Zone 1 with prolonged obstruction. The experimental group which experienced the longest period of obstruction also exhibited elevated serum GPT and GOT levels. The severity of damage increased with time of obstruction. The disturbance of liver cells in enterotoxemia induced by intestional obstruction was clear and needed our attention in the management of intestional obstruction from this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fulminant gangrene in transient cold agglutinemia associated with Escherichia coli infection.

Fulminant gangrene of the fingers, toes and nose developed in a 57-year-old woman with Escherichia coli pneumonia. Cryoglobulinemia was noted, and the cryoglobulin was identified as IgM-IgG with anti-I cold agglutinin activity. The cold agglutinins possessed potent lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic activity and weaker granulocytotoxic activity. Treatment with plasmapheresis, steroids and antibiotics led to complete clinical recovery, although amputation of several toes was necessary. The patient died 1 1/2 years later; the main findings at autopsy were chronic and acute pyelonephritis and acute bacterial endocarditis. This seems to be the first case of IgM-IgG cold agglutinemia occurring during the course of E. coli infection and the third case of fulminant gangrene complicating transient cold agglutinemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1985

[Survey of helminthic infections and treatment of Taenia species infection among the aborigines in Chien-Shih District, Hsin-Chu County, northern Taiwan].

Six hundred and sixteen out of 770 (80%) aborigines examined were found to be infected with intestinal helminthes. A total of 7 species of parasites were detected with the formalin-ether concentration technique. The infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 77.1%, Trichuris trichiura 28.8%, Taenia sp. 18.4%, Enterobius vermicularis 1.6%, and there was one case each of hookworm, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta infections. Infection rate was slightly higher among females (81.3%) than males (78.9%). It was also higher in Yu-Feng (86.9%) than Shiu-Luan villages (75.5%). The incidence of helminthic parasites was found in all ages. 11-20 age-group was the highest (84.4%), followed by 1-10 (81.5%), 51 and more (80.6%), 41-50 (77%), 31-40 (76%), and 21-30 (72%). In general, the rate seems to be higher among the young and old. But, the rate of Taenia sp. was increased with the increase in age. Taenia sp. was found to be of considerable high prevalence. However, only 7 out of the 252 (2.7%) junior high school students were found infected in contrast to the 18.4% found in the villages. After atabrine treatment, 108 adult worms, 83 with and 25 without scolices were obtained from 54 of 72 treated cases. The number of expelled worms varied from 1 to 8, with an average of 2 worms per infected person. 29 (53.7%) aborigines expelled only one worm, and 25 (46.3%) cases expelled more than one worms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Relationship between the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of heparin in experimental venous thrombosis.

The relationship between the antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of heparin was assessed using venous thrombi in rabbits. Accretion of 125I-fibrinogen onto jugular vein thrombi was used to assess the antithrombotic effect of heparin, and the protamine sulfate titration test (heparin activity) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were used to measure its anticoagulant effect. The effect of heparin on jugular vein bleeding times was also measured in a separate group of animals. Fibrinogen accretion was significantly lower with continuous infusion than with intermittent injection. Heparin, given by continuous infusion, produced marked inhibition of fibrinogen accretion (to less than 10% of control accretion) at an APTT value of between 75 and 80 sec (control 34 sec) and at a level of heparin activity of 0.4-0.5 U/ml. Infusion of cryoprecipitate reduced the effect of heparin on the APTT relative to its effect on heparin activity. In these cryoprecipitate-treated animals, marked inhibition of fibrinogen accretion occurred at a similar level of heparin activity (0.4-0.6 U/ml) but at a significantly lower APTT (35-50 sec) than in normal animals. On the other hand, there was a progressive increase in jugular vein bleeding time with both increasing APTT values and heparin levels in both groups of animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lorazepam in stupor.

The use of lorazepam in relieving catatonic symptoms is illustrated by the dramatic response in a stuporous patient. The treatment allows further investigations and management. It is recommended that clinicians familiarise themselves with this simple pharmacological intervention.

Adult↗