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Biomedical subjects

H M Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to H M Jensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Norovirus binds to blood group A-like antigens in oyster gastrointestinal cells.

AIMS: To determine if histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) present in oyster gastrointestinal (GI) cells mediate accumulation of human noroviruses (NoV) in oyster GI cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: HBGA-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to determine the presence of the corresponding HBGA in oyster GI cells. All oyster samples tested contained type A-like HBGA in GI tissue as measured by ELISA. Recombinant Norwalk virus viral like particles (rNVLP) were bound to plates coated with oyster GI homogenate. The binding was inhibited when rNVLPs were pre-incubated with MAbs specific for type A HBGA, or samples of human saliva from type A individuals. Co-localization of rNVLP and type A-like HBGA, but not type B-like or type H-like HBGA, on GI epithelial cells was observed by immunofluorescent histochemical staining and three-channel confocal scanning laser microscopy. CONCLUSION: Type A-like HBGA is present in oyster GI cells and responsible for binding of rNVLP. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report of the presence of type A-like HBGA in oyster GI cells and the specific binding of rNVLP to type A-like HBGA on oyster GI cells. The results of this study suggest that human NoV concentrate in oyster GI cells by specific binding to concentrated type A-like HBGA rather than by a nonmolecular entrapment within the tissues.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2000

Mammographic densities and the prevalence and incidence of histological types of benign breast disease. Reference Pathologists of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study.

There is now a large amount of evidence indicating that women with extensive areas of mammographic densities are 4-6 times more likely to develop breast cancer than those with little or no density in the mammogram. We have examined one potential biological explanation for this association by estimating the incidence of various histological types of benign breast disease in relation to mammographic density. We studied the large cohort of women taking part in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS), a randomized trial of screening with mammography. Mammograms from subjects with biopsies (n = 423) and from a comparison group of subjects randomly selected from the NBSS (n = 465) were included. Histological slides from biopsied subjects (n = 353) were classified independently by the pathologists of the NBSS and by a review pathologist (H.M.J.). Mammographic density in more than 75% of the breast area was associated with an increased risk of incidence of hyperplasia without atypia, and of atypical hyperplasia and/or carcinoma in situ. The classifications of the review pathologist showed that, compared to women with no density, the relative risk of incident lesions for women with density in more than 75% of breast was 13.85 (95% CI 2.65-72.49) for hyperplasia, and 9.23 (95% CI 1.66-51.48) for atypical hyperplasia and/or carcinoma in situ. These findings suggest that the association between extensive mammographic density and breast cancer risk may, at least in part, be attributable to biological processes in the breast that give rise to these histological features that are known to be related to breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Differential effects of cis and trans fatty acids on insulin release from isolated mouse islets.

In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have shown that elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) induce impaired beta-cell function corresponding to the abnormalities observed in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Previously, it was demonstrated that the chain length and degree of unsaturation are of importance for the insulinotropic effect of fatty acids. However, it is not known if the spatial configuration of the fatty acid influences beta-cell function. The present study examines whether cis and trans fatty acids acutely influence insulin release and glucose oxidation in isolated mouse islets in the same way and to the same extent. Thus, we studied the impact of both cis and trans forms of C 18:1 fatty acids. We found that cis and trans vaccenic acid (cis and trans C 18:1 delta11), as well as oleic acid (cis C 18:1 delta9) and elaidic acid (trans 18:1 delta9), caused a dose-dependent increase in glucose (16.7 mmol/L)-stimulated insulin secretion during static islet incubations. The maximal stimulatory effect for cis and trans vaccenic acid and for oleic and elaidic acid was observed at concentrations of 2.0 and 3.0 mmol/L, respectively. The trans isomers, trans vaccenic and elaidic acid, elicited a higher maximal insulin output than the respective cis isomers, cis vaccenic and oleic acid. In the presence of another insulin secretagogue, L-leucine, trans vaccenic but not elaidic acid caused a higher response than their cis isomeric fatty acids. The higher potency of trans fatty acids compared with the cis forms was confirmed in perifusion experiments. Both cis and trans C 18:1 fatty acids stimulated insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Also, glucose oxidation was influenced differentially by the isomers of fatty acids. Glucose oxidation at 16.7 mmol/L glucose was significantly inhibited by oleic and cis vaccenic acid compared with elaidic and trans vaccenic acid, respectively. In summary, our results demonstrate that the fatty acid spatial configuration modulates glucose oxidation and insulin secretion in mouse beta cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Profile of the strain on the psychiatric departments in the county of Arhus].

In order to describe the psychiatric morbidity in the population of the county of Arhus, the following census study was performed. The psychiatric hospital services in the county of Arhus are divided into five separate units. The population in each of the catchment areas was checked in The National Psychiatric Case Register, which contains information on all admissions to psychiatric hospitals in Denmark since 1970 and all referrals to psychiatric community services since 1995. The study describes the prevalence of former or present patients living in each of the five units. The study focuses on patients suffering from schizophrenia, affective disorders or disorders due to abuse of alcohol or drugs. The study finds an uneven distribution of former or present patients in the county suffering from the above mentioned disorders, indicating variation in the extent to which psychiatric treatment is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Preliminary investigation of ultrasound scattering analysis to identify women at risk for later invasive cancer. II: Extraction of dominant scattering angle-dependent trends from excised breast tissue.

Normalized estimates of the scattering angle-dependent differential scattering cross-section (DSC) at 1.0 MHz were measured from 278 samples of excised breast tissue taken from 66 women. A comparison of results for samples that contained tissue structures previously associated with an increased probability of developing breast cancer to those that did not contain high-risk structures showed that the average magnitude of DSC estimates was insufficient to identify samples with high-risk lesions. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was applied to extract scattering angle-dependent trends common to the entire data base. The normalized estimates of the measured DSCs (NDSC) from tissue samples are compared to estimates previously obtained from isolated breast tissue lobules as well as with results from the PCFA. Results are presented that indicate that the dominant angle-dependent trends in the NDSC results are independent of the age of the patient and are similar to trends extracted from isolated breast tissue lobules. The breast tissue structure common to all of these specimens is the terminal duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Preliminary investigation of ultrasound scattering analysis to identify women at risk for later invasive cancer. I: Motivation and experimental technique for characterization of isolated breast tissue lobules.

A new experimental technique is described that allows the characterization of the angle-dependent ultrasonic scattering properties of isolated breast tissue lobules. A review of breast tissue micro-architecture is presented as background material. Measured estimates of the scatter angle-dependent differential scatter cross-sections (DSC) from 31 excised lobules (14 cancer in situ, 17 noncancer) were examined, and dominant trends described by statistical factors. Three factors were extracted, using principal component factor analysis, which collectively accounted for over 70% of the scatter angle-dependent variation exhibited by the measured data.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between mammographic and histological risk factors for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Information on breast cancer risk can be obtained both from the histological appearance of the breast epithelium in biopsy specimens and from the pattern of parenchymal densities in the breast revealed by mammography. It is not understood, however, how parenchymal densities influence breast cancer risk or whether these densities are associated with histological risk factors. PURPOSE: We have estimated, in a large cohort of women, the relative risk of detecting carcinoma in situ, atypical hyperplasia, hyperplasia without atypia, or nonproliferative disease in biopsy specimens from women with different extents of mammographic density. We also examined the association between these histological classifications and radiological features present specifically at the biopsy site. METHODS: The source of study material was a population of women aged 40-49 years who were enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS). Mammograms from women who had undergone a biopsy (n = 441) and from a comparison group of women (n = 501) randomly selected from the mammography arm of the NBSS were classified according to the extent of mammographic density. The corresponding histological slides were independently classified by a review pathologist. RESULTS: Compared with women showing no mammographic densities, women with the most extensive densities (i.e., occupying greater than 75% of the breast volume) had a 9.7 times greater risk of developing carcinoma in situ or atypical hyperplasia (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75-53.97), a 12.2 times greater risk of developing hyperplasia without atypia (95% CI = 2.97-50.14), and a 3.1 times greater risk of developing non-proliferative disease (95% CI = 1.20-8.11). The gradients in risk were not monotonic across the five classifications of mammographic density. The association could not be explained by the presence of mammographic densities at the biopsy site, but calcification at the biopsy site was strongly associated with high-risk histological changes (relative risk = 24; 95% CI = 5.0-156.0). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the radiological patterns referred to as mammographic dysplasia may influence breast cancer risk by virtue of their association with high-risk histological changes in the breast epithelium. IMPLICATIONS: Identification of the factors responsible for high-risk histological changes may offer new insights into the etiology of breast cancer and potentially lead to the development of methods for its prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary results for shear wave speed of sound and attenuation coefficients from excised specimens of human breast tissue.

A pilot study involving 53 specimens of excised human female breast tissue was performed to provide preliminary estimates of the acoustic shear wave speed of sound and linear attenuation coefficient associated with high risk for development of invasive breast cancer. The measured shear wave properties were studied as a function of: 1. whether the tissue was presented as a 2.0 to 4.0 gram mass biopsy sample or a 2.0 to 4.0 gram mass subsample taken from a larger mastectomy source; 2. the time post-excision prior to shear wave characterization; 3. the risk factor associated with the number and types of lesions found in the specimen; and 4. the percent by volume of fat or collagen present in the sample. The shear speed of sound was found to range between 20 and 900 m/s with a tendency for lower speeds as a function of time post excision. The results for shear attenuation coefficients ranged from 300 to 9000 cm-1 and did not show a marked time dependence. Average results from mastectomy specimens differed from those for biopsies, but the difference may have been due to variations in tissue composition and time post excision before shear wave characterization.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative DNA patterns in human preneoplastic breast lesions.

In 12 cases of human mammary carcinoma in which a preneoplastic atypical ductal hyperplasia was also identified, quantitative DNA (QDNA) measurements of thionein-stained samples from both lesions were performed using the Cell Image Analysis 100 system. The QDNA values in the preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions from each case showed concordance (six as euploid and six as aneuploid/hyperdiploid). Such congruence suggests a stable inheritance of the somatic mutation(s) that is involved in carcinogenesis and that affects ploidy. If this relationship between concurrent preneoplasia and neoplasia in the ipsilateral breast is confirmed, it offers the possibilities of (1) identifying individuals at risk for developing neoplasias with defined biologic characteristics and (2) developing therapeutic regimens more appropriate to the risk assessment of each patient. It may be possible to conceive of a rational preventive regimen for cancer of the breast.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Inclusion of geriatric nutrition in ADA-approved undergraduate programs.

All ADA Plan IV programs were surveyed to determine whether geriatric nutrition was included in their curriculums. Of the 268 Plan IV programs, 66% responded. Less than one-fifth of the programs offered or planned to offer a specific geriatric nutrition course. An overview of geriatric nutrition occurred most frequently in a human nutrition course. A practicum/clinical experience or a course other than nutrition most frequently provided in-depth study, if such was available. Nursing homes and congregate meal sites were the primary locations for experiences with the geriatric population. Major activities with that age group included (a) taking diet histories, (b) making nutrition assessments, and (c) providing diet instruction. In some programs, didactic and experiential training with the geriatric population may not be adequate to prepare dietetic undergraduate students to meet the health care needs of that growing segment of society.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5. A simple large-scale purification procedure and antibody production by antigen-containing liposomes.

Cytochrome b5 from rat liver microsomes (microsomal fractions) was purified in its native form. The procedure described has great capacity, is fast, and the final product is pure as judged from SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to cytochrome b5 are obtained after administration of the antigen inserted into small unilamellar lipid vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The association of histological and radiological indicators of breast cancer risk.

Previous work has shown that extensive mammographic dysplasia in women aged less than 50 was strongly associated with breast cancer but that the radiological appearance of ductal prominence was not associated with risk. In the present paper we examine the association between these mammographic signs in the breast and histological patterns in the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU), the region of the breast where breast cancer is believed to originate. Surgical biopsies from a consecutive series of women aged less than 50 were reviewed and classified according to the histopathology of the epithelium in the TDLU. Mammograms from the same subjects were independently classified according to the extent of the radiological signs of dysplasia and ductal prominence. Degree of histopathology and the extent of mammographic dysplasia were associated and atypia of the ductal type was found more frequently in patients with extensive dysplasia. However, the strength and statistical significance of the association varied according to the radiologist who classified the mammograms. No association was found between degree of histopathology and ductal prominence. These results add to the evidence that extensive mammographic dysplasia in women aged less than 50 is a risk factor for breast cancer. They do not indicate that the radiological signs of dysplasia are caused by histological changes in the TDLU.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Steroid hormone concentrations in relation to patient prognosis and prostate tumour grade.

Survival of patients who received endocrine therapy as first-line treatment for their prostatic cancer was statistically analysed in relation to several parameters, primary tumour stage, metastatic status, age, pretreatment plasma hormone concentrations and Gleason grade. Prognostic indices were derived for both M0 and M1 patients in which Gleason grade and plasma testosterone concentrations were significant prognostic factors. In the M1 patients growth hormone values were also significant and to a lesser degree age. The relationship of Gleason grade to testosterone, growth hormone, prolactin, the gonadotrophins and age was also analysed. No significant differences in any of these hormones was noted with increasing Gleason grade but the age of patients with Grade 5 tumours was significantly lower.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

On the origin and progression of human breast cancer.

The mature human female breast contains thousands of hormone-sensitive, potentially milk-producing microorgans, called lobules. In the nonpregnant state they vary in size from 1 to 8 mm but most are 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Each lobule is drained by a terminal duct attached to the main duct system. It is called the terminal ductal-lobular unit, which normally regresses at menopause. Most breast diseases except papillomas in major ducts arise in terminal ductal-lobular units. Disease processes such as hyperplasias and neoplasia alter the terminal ductal-lobular units to such a degree that conventional light microscopic appearances make the structures appear as though they were ducts. However, the basic microarchitecture in three dimensions is preserved, proving the origin of cancer is the terminal ductal-lobular unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A prospective study of antisperm antibody development in acute epididymitis.

The association between acute epididymitis and development of antisperm antibodies was investigated by the gelatin agglutination technique in prospectively collected serum samples from 27 patients. Agglutinating antisperm antibodies, mainly of the IgG class, were detected in seven men (27 per cent), a significantly increased frequency compared to prevalences previously found among blood donors and men from infertile couples. The antibodies developed de novo in four patients (15 per cent). The increased incidence of positive sera and the kinetics of the antibody responses strongly indicate a causal link between acute epididymitis and autoimmunization against spermatozoa. In the majority of the patients the antibody titers were low, being of only theoretical importance in respect to later fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A prognostic index for the clinical management of patients with advanced prostatic cancer: a British Prostate Study Group investigation.

Patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate (n = 186) were initially assessed and followed up according to the standardized protocol of the British Prostate Study Group, urologists from which contributed patients to this investigation. These patients were given either endocrine therapy or orchidectomy as first line treatment; the ratio of the number of patients receiving these two treatments was similar in each group of subjects compared for survival. Prognostic indices were derived for all patients and for those classified according to the presence (M1) or absence (M0) of metastases. The prognostic indices were derived from clinical and hormone data obtained at initial presentation. Whereas the degree of tumor differentiation and plasma testosterone concentrations were significant prognostic factors in both M0 and M1 disease, growth hormone was only significant in M1 patients, where age was also of borderline significance; elevated growth hormone, higher Gleason grade, younger age, and lower testosterone indicated a poorer prognosis in M1 patients. These findings indicated the feasibility of selecting a poor prognostic group of patients that may derive benefit from a more aggressive therapy.

Age Factors↗