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Biomedical subjects

H M Just

Publications and source records attributed to H M Just.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefotaxime into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscle tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Twenty-nine adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery were given 2 g cefotaxime as 5 min intravenous bolus injection preoperatively. Within 6 h cefotaxime serum concentrations declined from 81.0 to 6.3 mg/l. Subcutaneous tissue and muscle concentrations varied between 0.3 and 8.7 micrograms/g, heart valve concentrations varied between 2.2 and 13.0 micrograms/g. Cefotaxime concentrations in heart valves are high enough to inhibit most Gram-negative organisms causing postoperative wound infections and endocarditis.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

Concentrations of ceftriaxone in serum and lung tissue.

19 patients received an intravenous 5-min bolus injection of 2 g ceftriaxone at various times before thoracic surgery. Lung tissue concentrations of 31.8 micrograms/g could be maintained for at least 5 h. Serum and lung tissue concentrations of ceftriaxone are high enough to inhibit most organisms causing nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefotetan into serum, myometrium, endometrium and salpinges.

24 patients received an intravenous 5-min bolus injection of 2 g cefotetan at various times prior to abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Cefotetan concentrations in salpinges were significantly higher than in myometrium and endometrium. Tissue concentrations of 16 micrograms/g could be attained for at least 5 h. At this concentration, 90% of most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria causing genital tract infections are inhibited.

Cefotetan↗
PubMed1984

In vitro combination effects of cefotetan with four aminoglycosides, piperacillin and mezlocillin on gram-positive and gram-negative nosocomial bacteria.

The in vitro efficacy of cefotetan in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter cloacae and with piperacillin and mezlocillin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average, 60% of the gram-negative and 46% of the gram-positive strains were inhibited by additive, but only 22% of the gram-negative and 2% of the gram-positive bacteria were inhibited by synergistic cefotetan-aminoglycoside combinations. Netilmicin combinations were least active. On gram-negative bacteria, 63% of the cefotetan-penicillin combinations were additive and 11% synergistic. No antagonism occurred with any of the combinations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

[Acanthamoebae, Naegleria and other free-living Amoebae in cooling and rinsing water of dental treatment units].

215 water samples were taken from 49 dental treatment units and investigated for the existence of free-living amoebae. In all water-carrying systems of the dental treatment units it was possible to verify the incidence of one or more amoeba species. In 8.2 per cent of the units Naegleria species was found and in 12.2 per cent Acanthamoeba species was present. Seven Naegleria and six Acanthamoeba strains (2 A. castellanii and 4 A. polyphaga) were isolated. From samples originating from 12 dental treatment units (DTU) another 42 amoeba strains were isolated which consisted of 14 different species within 9 classes. Among them Vannella mira (in 19 per cent of samples) and Hartmannella vermiformis (10.6 per cent) were found to be the most frequent species, followed by H. cantabrigensis (9.5 per cent), V. platypodia, Platyamoeba stenopodia and V. simplex (7.1 per cent each). In 10 per cent of samples monotrichous and bitrichous flagellates such as the Bodo species were found, whereas two samples contained ova, larvae and adult free-living nematodes. Among the isolated Naegleria strains no thermophilic strain was present. Consequently they belong to the N. gruberi complex. Among the Acanthamoebae five of the six strains were thermophilic. All strains were investigated for pathogenic properties by means of the mice inoculation test. Two strains proved pathogenic - it was possible to isolate them from the brain and lung of dead mice. Another two strains proved to have invasive properties because they were isolated from the brain of infected animals; however, they did not give rise to disease or death of the respective animals. Supplementary microbiological tests demonstrated the existence of bacteria and fungi in 84 per cent of dental treatment units. Pseudomonas spec. were detected in 75% of dental units, Serratia marcescens in 2% and fungi in nearly 3%. 58.3% of all water samples contained total germ counts of more than 100/ml.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1983

Penetration of netilmicin into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscular tissue of patients undergoing heart surgery.

In 57 patients undergoing heart surgery concentrations of netilmicin in plasma, heart valves, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue were determined after a 5 min intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Within 8 h netilmicin serum concentration declined from 3 micrograms/ml to 1 microgram/ml. In heart valves the concentrations during heart surgery were high enough to inhibit most staphylococci, Klebisiella, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli strains. No different serum and tissue concentrations in patients with and without extracorporal circulation could be found.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Effect of azlocillin and piperacillin in subinhibitory and inhibitory concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in broth, in serum and in the presence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The bactericidal activity of azlocillin and piperacillin was tested at concentrations of 1/4 the MIC, the MIC and four-fold the MIC agents a serum-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a serum-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in broth, in serum and in the presence of leukocytes. The antibacterial activity of azlocillin and piperacillin in serum against Staphylococcus aureus was slightly better than in broth (p greater than 0.05); both compounds were distinctly less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in serum than in broth (p less than 0.05). Both antibiotics enhanced susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to leukocyte killing without serum (p less than 0.05), whereas leukocyte killing of Staphylococcus aureus was hardly improved even at the MIC and four-fold the MIC of both compounds. The antibacterial activity of azlocillin and piperacillin against both bacterial strains was most pronounced in the presence of leukocytes and serum. A marked bactericidal effect was achieved at 1/4 the MIC, the effect not being further significantly enhanced (p greater than 0.05) at the MIC or four-fold the MIC.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1983

[Antibiotic prevention in gynecology. Concentrations of ceftizoxime in the serum, myometrium, endometrium and fallopian tubes].

34 patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 2 g ceftizoxime over 5 min at various times before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Ceftizoxime concentrations in myometrium were substantially higher than in salpinges and endometrium. Tissue concentrations of 4 micrograms/g could be maintained for at least 3 hours. The ceftizoxime tissue concentrations attained in myometrium, endometrium and salpinges justify therapeutic studies and controlled prospective clinical trials on the prevention of postoperative wound infections with this antibiotic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Penetration of ceftazidime into serum, myometrium, endometrium, salpinges and subcutaneous tissue.

Thirty-one patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 2 g ceftazidime over 5 min at various times before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Ceftazidime concentrations in myometrium, endometrium and salpinges reached 34% to 43% of the corresponding serum levels. Subcutaneous tissue concentrations were significantly lower. Tissue concentrations of 8 mg/l were maintained for at least 5 h.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1983

[Concentrations of cefotiam in serum, heart valves, muscle and adipose tissue during heart surgery].

In 20 patients undergoing heart surgery, concentrations of cefotiam (Halospor) in plasma, heart valves, muscles and subcutaneous tissue were determined after intravenous injection of 2 g. Within 5 h cefotiam serum concentration declined from 18 micrograms/ml to 7 micrograms/ml, the concentrations in heart valves declined from 22 micrograms/g to 4 micrograms/g. In heart valves the concentrations during heart surgery were high enough to inhibit most Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella strains.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of the in vitro activity of ceftazidime: in culture, in serum and in combination with granulocytes].

The bactericidal activity of ceftazidime against 5 serum resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and 5 serum sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was compared in Mueller-Hinton broth and normal human serum. Except for the first 4 hours incubation time ceftazidime was less active in serum as compared to broth against the serum resistant staphylococci at subinhibitory concentrations. Against the serum sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains the in vitro activity of ceftazidime in serum was significantly higher than in broth at all concentrations investigated. In vitro activity of ceftazidime was best in combination with leukocytes and serum against a Staphylococcus aureus and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Leukocytes in serum enhanced the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime against a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain already at 1/4 MIC, which could only slightly be improved at 1 MIC, but not at 4 MIC.

Blood↗
PubMed1982

Combination effect of azthreonam with four aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-positive cocci and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The inhibitory combination effect of azthreonam with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin respectively against 50 non-fermenting gram-negative rods and 30 gram-positive cocci was compared using the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 49.5% of all non-fermenting strains were inhibited by additive, and 48.5% by synergistic azthreonam-aminoglycoside combinations, but only 4.5% of the gram-positive cocci were inhibited by synergistic combinations. No antagonism occurred. No significant differences could be found between the effects of the respective azthreonam-aminoglycoside combinations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

Combination effect of ceftriaxone with four aminoglycosides on nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The in vitro efficacy of ceftriaxone in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin against 50 nonfermenting gram-negative bacterial strains was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 42.5% of all nonfermenting strains were inhibited by additive, 22.5% by synergistic ceftriaxone-aminoglycoside combinations. Great variations occurred between the different bacterial species. Ceftriaxone-tobramycin interactions were superior to combinations with other aminoglycosides. Ceftriaxone-aminoglycoside combinations were most active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and least potent on Pseudomonas cepacia.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concentrations of mezlocillin in the serum, heart valves, muscle and subcutaneous tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

4 g mezlocillin as a five-minute intravenous bolus were given preoperatively to 31 adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Mezlocillin serum levels declined from 42.8 mg/l at 1-2 h after injection to less than 1 mg/l at 6-8 h after application. Concentrations in muscle and subcutaneous tissue varied between 18 micrograms/g and less than 1 microgram/g. Mezlocillin levels in heart valves were higher than those in muscle and subcutaneous tissue, thus suggesting rapid diffusion of mezlocillin.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibacterial activity of clindamycin and lincomycin in broth, serum, and in combination with polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis].

We investigated the antibacterial activity of clindamycin and lincomycin at 1/4 X minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1 X MIC and 4 X MIC against a serum-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a serum-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain in broth, in serum with and without the presence of leukocytes and in Hank's medium in combination with leukocytes alone. Against both test strains, lincomycin in broth and serum was similarly effective, whereas against S. aureus clindamycin in broth was somewhat more active. In the combined test mixture of serum with leukocytes, even a 1/4 X MIC of clindamycin or lincomycin markedly improved leukocyte killing of S. aureus, whereas both compounds could not further enhance the marked leukocyte killing of S. epidermidis, even at inhibitory concentrations. In Hank's medium with leukocytes alone, clindamycin and lincomycin had at the most only a bacteriostatic effect against both test strains.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of Pseudomonas immunoglobulin on the antibacterial activity of human phagocytes].

The in vitro influence of a pseudomonas immunoglobulin in active and inactivated serum on the bactericidal activity and phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No lysis of the bacteria could be found in either serum, however, the bactericidal activity of the leukocytes was significantly enhanced in active serum (p less than or equal to 0.05); whereas no effect was measurable in inactivated serum. Phagocytosis could be increased in concentrations of 10% immunoglobulin, (equivalent to 5 mg IgG/ml); however, a concentration of 15% showed a lower phagocytosis index which was comparable to that in the 5% preparation. This immunoglobulin proved to be able to support the bacterial phagocytosis and killing of P. aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.

Humans↗