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Biomedical subjects

H M Pirie

Publications and source records attributed to H M Pirie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Clinical and epidemiological features of 15 incidents of severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

Fifteen incidents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were studied in herds distributed widely throughout northern Britain. Fattening beef animals (10 outbreaks), dairy cattle (four outbreaks) and suckler beef cows (one outbreak) were affected and all bar one incident occurred in housed cattle during the winter. The first signs of illness noticed were a reduced appetite, dullness, coughing and oculonasal discharge. In 13 of the incidents they were observed in cattle purchased from a market within the previous four weeks. In every outbreak, affected animals developed a serous nasal discharge which became purulent in severe cases. In the early stages the nasal mucosa was congested but later yellow-brown diphtheritic plaques developed. In such animals halitosis was always detected. Soft coughing was frequently heard but pneumonia was rarely confirmed ante mortem. Conjunctivitis and ocular discharge were a major finding in 13 incidents and, in severely affected cases, conjunctival oedema was seen. The drooling of saliva was noticed in 14 incidents but congestion of the oral mucous membranes was the only abnormality found on examination of the oral cavity. Diarrhoea was a consistent feature in one outbreak. As a result of contracting this disease beef cattle failed to put on weight for a period of one to eight weeks and the milk yield of lactating dairy cattle decreased markedly. The morbidity rate was high, being more than 90 per cent in 10 incidents. The mortality rate varied considerably but 7 to 8 per cent of the animals died, or were culled, in three outbreaks. The clinical signs were most severe on intensive units with a high turnover of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The pathological features of severe cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

In recent outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Britain a proportion of the animals affected developed a severe clinical disease characterised, at necropsy, by widespread damage to the respiratory tract. They had necrotising rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis with extensive pseudomembrane formation and severe pneumonia with or without interstitial emphysema. Renal infarction was seen in approximatley half of the cases. The central nervous system was not affected in any of the 25 animals with severe IBR examined in this study. Tissues from the respiratory tract of 14 animals were examined for the presence of bovine herpesvirus 1 and the virus was isolated from the nasal passages of 11 and the lungs of four. Mycoplasma bovis was frequently isolated in large numbers from both the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aetiological studies: responses to intradermal and inhalation antigenic challenge.

Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified as common causes of respiratory hypersensitivity in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rye grass pollen and an Actinomycete evoked respiratory allergy in a few horses. Not infrequently, individual horses were found to have respiratory hypersensitivity to two or more antigens. The methods used to examine for allergy were intradermal testing and inhalation challenge with environmental antigens. An intradermal test using an M faeni extract was demonstrated to be suitable for diagnostic use in horses previously accurately diagnosed as suffering from COPD. In contrast, the A fumigatus antigen used proved unsatisfactory for such a purpose. Skin reaction to M faeni and A fumigatus extracts by horses affected with COPD indicated that the hypersensitivity was a dual one--a weak response shortly after injection followed by an Arthus-like response 4 to 8 hours later. As a parameter for monitoring responses to inhalation challenge, maximum intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Ppl) proved satisfactory, whereas changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) did not.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): factors influencing the occurrence.

Breed, age, weight, type of work performed, seasonal onset, poor ventilation and exposure to moulds in the habitat were investigated in relation to the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD was most commonly detected in showjumping and hacking horses. The older a horse, the more likely it was to become affected although most were 6 to 10 years of age. Of the horses in this sample of the population, which was not a random one, thoroughbred horses were affected least and ponies most often. The high incidence in ponies was related to their more frequent exposure to poor quality fodder and bedding. Most horses are exposed to the hazard of moulds, but more affected horses were so exposed than those not affected with COPD. Poor ventilation of the stable increased the chance of a horse becoming affected. Sex, body weight and season of onset of coughing had no influence on the occurrence of the disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The presence of precipitating antibodies in the sera of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The sera of horses affected and not affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined for precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus. Precipitins to both antigens were not restricted to COPD cases but occurred more frequently in animals affected with COPD. Many animals without detectable precipitins responded clinically to inhalation challenge with these antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin containing cells in the bronchopulmonary system of non-pneumonic and pneumonic calves.

In an examination of the immunoglobulin containing cells in the respiratory mucosa of three-month-old non-pneumonic calves, IgA was found to be the predominant plasma cell type. In calves with cuffing pneumonia there was a marked increase in the plasma cell population in the bronchial wall and IgG1 cells became the major cell type. Similarly in calves with an exudative type of pneumonia IgG1 plasma cells were the significant cell type in the respiratory mucosa but the total number of plasma cells was similar to that found in the non-pneumonic animals. The immunohistochemical results suggest that IgA and, to a lesser extent, IgM are both transported across the mucous membrane via bronchial epithelial secretory cells and submucosal glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Some characteristics of a natural infection by parainfluenza-3 virus in a group of calves.

Parainfluenza-3 (Pi3) virus infection in a group of 25 calves is described. The virus was isolated from the lungs of four calve at days 6, 7, 13 and 55 after they were housed together at birth. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen by light microscopy in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells of two of these calves. Virus infected cells were detected by electron microscopy in three of the four calves. Haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to Pi3 virus were found in the sera of the calves. Despite the virus being present in the group from one week, a significant increase in antibody titre was found in only two animals although all the calves were in contact with each other during the study period. The pulmonary lesions in the four infected calves consisted of a bronchitis and bronchiolitis with infiltration of the walls and lumena of these structures by neutrophils and an adjacent neutrophil infiltration of alveoli some of which were collapsed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Recent advances in respiratory conditions in cattle.

The study of cattle respiratory diseases during the last decade show that several observations made in the late 1960s are still relevant today. Many of these diseases are shared with other countries in Europe, but the developments discussed will be examined with the respiratory disease problems that occur in Britain in mind. The new information is dealth with as it applies to (i) structure, function and immunology of the lungs (ii) diseases of calves indoors (iii) diseases of young animals grazing, (iv) diseases of adult animals indoors and (v) diseases of adult animals grazing.

Anaphylaxis↗