PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H M Rhoades

Publications and source records attributed to H M Rhoades.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

K-scale correction and percentile norms for MMPI-168 factor scores.

Appropriate K-corrections for MMPI-168 factor scales and for a general psychopathology screening scale (PSY) were derived empirically. Percentile distributions of the K-corrected scales in a large normal sample (N = 1438) were determined, and a percentile profile sheet was constructed to facilitate clinical use (N = 1048). The validity of the K-corrected scales in distinguishing psychiatric patients from normals is examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Refinement of phenomenological classification in clinical psychopharmacology research.

A large clinical psychopharmacology data bank consisting of results from several hundred clinical drug trials was used to refine phenomenological classification concepts and methodology. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) profiles for 2623 psychiatric patients from that data bank were analyzed to define prototypical patterns that are maximally representative of homogeneous subgroup within the drug treatment population. Prototype profiles and classification functions that can be used to accomplish similar classifications of future research subjects are presented. Placebo response rates and active drug response rates for subjects in the large data pool are compared across the eight phenomenological types. It is suggested that anxious and hostile subtypes of depressive disorder may be poor subjects in clinical drug trials because of the excessive placebo response rate. In contrast, withdrawn-disorganized thinking disturbance types tend to be poor subjects for trials of neuroleptic drugs because they respond poorly to both active drug and placebo.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1981

The significance of treatment effects across several independent studies.

Standardized means can be generated from the t, F or chi 2 statistic used to test the significance of treatment effects in each of several independent studies. An unweighted means ANOVA, calculated from the standardized means, provides tests of significance for the treatment main effect across studies and for the differences in magnitudes of the treatment effects between studies. The protection against Type I errors (false positive conclusions) afforded by the standardized means ANOVA is evaluated in a series of Monte Carlo simulations involving both equal and unequal sample sizes and error variances. A detailed illustration of the method is provided. The combining of information from multiple independent trials in clinical psychopharmacology research is illustrated with regard to problems of establishing the general equivalence of two drugs, as well as in providing a comprehensive conclusion concerning efficacy across several studies that may not appear uniformly positive.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naltrexone and relapse prevention treatment for cocaine-dependent patients.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining the joint action of naltrexone (NTX) in combination with relapse prevention (RP) therapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence was conducted. Eighty-five participants who achieved initial abstinence during the intake evaluation and detoxification phase of the study were randomized into 1 of 4 combined NTX (0 vs. 50 mg) by therapy (RP vs. Drug Counseling) experimental conditions for the 12-week outpatient treatment phase of the study. A random effects regression model to test for group differences on percentage of cocaine-positive urines indicated a significant time by medication by therapy interaction, suggesting less cocaine use over time among subjects receiving RP-50 mg than those in the other conditions. No differences were found for retention or time until first cocaine-positive urine. Naltrexone was well tolerated by participants, with acceptable rates of medication compliance observed. Treatment integrity measures confirmed successful manipulation of the psychotherapy. These results are consistent with the notion that substance use in dependent patients can be reduced with a combination of coping skills training and pharmacologic treatments.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relapse prevention treatment for cocaine dependence: group vs. individual format.

To investigate the role of treatment modality in relapse prevention treatment, 32 cocaine-dependent subjects were randomly assigned by cohorts to group-based relapse prevention (G-RP) or individually based RP (I-RP). The two RP formats were identical in content, consisting of 12 outpatient treatment sessions over a 2-month period immediately following hospitalization. The proportion of subjects providing cocaine-free urines at the end of RP treatment did not differ between formats; however, G-RP subjects reported using cocaine on significantly fewer days during treatment, and experiencing fewer cocaine-related problems than did I-RP subjects. Follow-up data collected at 12 and 24 weeks' posttreatment revealed no significant differences between RP formats on any cocaine-use outcome measures. Regardless of therapy format. RP treatment was related to statistically significant and sustained improvements in other areas of psychosocial functioning, including addiction severity, coping, and craving for cocaine. The overall findings suggest that the efficacy of relapse prevention training is not limited by therapy format.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empirical scaling of the stages of cognitive decline in senile dementia.

A 30-item questionnaire concerned with signs and symptoms of cognitive decline was completed by a relative or caregiver for each of 115 elderly patients seen in the gerontology outpatient clinic of our institution. Twelve different preliminary scale values were calculated to locate each of the 30 clinical manifestations along a continuum of increasing severity. Principal components analysis was then used to combine the 12 preliminary indices into a single composite scale that more reliably represents distances between the 30 clinical manifestations. The scale scores for the clinical manifestations were observed to cluster into relatively discrete groups, suggesting naturally occurring stages or phases. Objective cluster analysis methods further suggested the presence of distinct thresholds for occurrence of new impairments along the cognitive decline continuum. Utility of the empirically derived scale values in staging the course of primary degenerative dementia is suggested.

Aged↗