Infectious hazards in the clinical laboratory: a program to protect laboratory personnel.
The increasing risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the health care setting makes the development of effective infection control programs in the laboratory workplace critical. Central to such programs is the concept of universal precautions. The program described here relates the level of protection or precaution to the potential danger for infection, given the laboratory workstation and task which is to be performed. Four Levels of Protection are described. Implementation of this program requires that each workstation and procedure in each laboratory section be reviewed by the laboratory director and supervisory personnel for risk of exposure. Implementation additionally requires that provisions be made for both the initial and continuing education of laboratory employees. Laboratory directors and supervisors should also monitor the program to ensure compliance. There will certainly be situations unique to individual institutions or laboratory settings that may require precautions or policies over and above those described by universal precautions. Laboratory policies will not gain acceptance if they are developed and implemented without the advice and cooperation of the hospital medical staff. Employee acceptance of infection control policies will be greater if actual development and implementation actively involves the laboratory personnel who will practice them. The program described here is but one approach to the problem. Employers and laboratory directors must understand that it is their responsibility to develop a program that provides appropriate safeguards for workers who may be exposed to infectious agents in the laboratory workplace and to ensure that employees are properly trained and educated in the proper use and application of those safeguards.