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H M Spiro

Publications and source records attributed to H M Spiro.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Duodenal ulcer. Incidence, risk factors, and predictive value of plasma pepsinogen.

In 1958 the Yale freshman class gave blood samples as part of a study intended to determine the predictive value of plasma pepsinogen (PP) for the subsequent development of duodenal ulcer (DU). We report a long-term follow-up of this cohort. A self-administered questionnaire designed to ascertain information about the development of peptic ulcers, and the presence of risk factors was mailed to 861 subjects with "active" addresses. A second questionnaire was mailed to each respondent's physician(s) to verify the diagnosis of DU. Completed questionnaires were returned, after three mailings, by 604 (70%) of the subjects. They reported 18 documented DUs, 15 since 1958, for an incidence of 1.1/1000 person years. Only smoking (P less than 0.05) and undergraduate physical inactivity (P less than 0.01) were identified as risk factors for DU. Family history; blood type; blood antigen secretor status; ingestion of coffee, alcohol, milk, salicylates, soda, or tea; and COPD were not identified as risk factors for DU. Patients with DU had higher mean PP values than those who did not (391.6 +/- 99.6 vs 346.6 +/- 106.7, mean +/- SD) but this was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). The predictive value of an elevated PP (greater than 450) for the development of DU was 7.9%, but a low or normal PP predicted the absence of a DU in 97.5% of subjects over a 22-year span.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1983

H2-blockers: how safe and how effective?

Worldwide clinical experience has shown the short-term use of H2-blockers is safe and effective. They speed the healing of acute endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer with few important side effects. Curious differences in placebo response and reported efficacy from country to country deserve explanation, but do not blur the overall benefit from H2-blockers or the general satisfaction of patients and physicians. While it seems likely that a concerned physician and a dedicated patient could achieve the same results without such therapy, the major clinical advantage of H2-blockers lies in the speed and ease with which they relieve symptoms and hasten healing of the ulcer crater. Indeed, it could be argued that such therapy should not be restricted to the patient with a "proven" duodenal ulcer, and that patients with symptoms who might have "Moynihan's disease" (dyspepsia without a crater) deserve therapy without further diagnostic endeavors. Long-term therapy is still under judgment for both safety and efficacy. Controlled clinical trials suggest that H2-blockers prevent the recurrence of endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer at an impressive rate, while the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer in patients taking placebo has been appalling. Many thoughtful physicians now argue that the patient with a duodenal ulcer ought to remain on maintenance therapy after the ulcer has healed. There is a problem, however, in the "selection" bias of the controlled trial; only patients with a proven ulcer crater have been entered into such studies and therefore they represent a subset, however important, of patients with dyspepsia and peptic ulcer symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1982

Duodenal ulcer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1982

Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly affects women of childbearing age, leading to concerns about the effects of the disease on fertility and pregnancy, the effect of pregnancy on the disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of IBD in the pregnancy women. The literature regarding these issues is reviewed, and a representative case report is discussed. Ulcerative colitis has no effect on fertility. Crohn's disease appears to be associated with an increased risk of infertility. "Subfertility," a temporary inability to conceive associated with chronic disease activity, is perhaps a more suitable description. There have been no studies regarding infertility and males with IBD, although sulfasalazine has recently been reported to cause reversible infertility in men. Ulcerative colitis is not associated with a higher spontaneous abortion rate than the general population, although it is not clear whether certain subgroups of patients have a higher rate of abortion. A similar conclusion has been reached for Crohn's disease, although reported abortion rates of 10-25% are somewhat higher than the general population. Approximately 30-50% of pregnant women with ulcerative colitis have exacerbations during their pregnancy or postpartum, a figure that is applicable to Crohn's disease as well, and which is no different than a control population of nonpregnant women with IBD. Patients with active ulcerative colitis at conception have a higher incidence of disease exacerbation than those with quiescent disease. Postpartum recurrences are more frequent in Crohn's disease, occurring in up to 40% of patients, but respond to standard medical therapy. Women who have had an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis consistently and successfully carry pregnancy to term. There is no data regarding women who have had an ileostomy for Crohn's disease. The approach to the women with abdominal pain during pregnancy is reviewed, including the use of radiographic procedures. No amount of radiation exposure can be considered safe, but the judicious use of standard radiographic tests when considered necessary for the health of the mother appear to be associated with little risk for the fetus. The medial treatment of IBD during pregnancy is the same as that for the nonpregnant patient. Despite animal data to the contrary, the bulk of human data suggests that steroids, when used to treat a variety of conditions including IBD, pose little risk to the human fetus. Similarly, despite the theoretical risk of kernicterus, sulfasalazine appears to be a safe drug even when used during the third trimester of pregnancy.U

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Cimetidine and duodenal ulcer: an analysis of methodologic problems in randomized controlled trials.

The double-blind placebo-comparison randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU) are examples of good, well-designed clinical trials. With the publication of the first United States RCT in 1978, which reported superiority for cimetidine for only 2 weeks of treatment, grounds for healthy skepticism arose. We undertook a methodologic review of the 16 RCTs published in English through 1980 testing cimetidine in endoscopically documented DU to ascertain if methodologic problems could explain the disparate results. The lack of a clinical classification of disease severity, the failure to consider the additional effect of iatrotherapy (the healing effect of the investigator), the failure to separate duodenitis from ulceration and to note transitions--change in duodenitis and change in ulcer size, and the failure to calculate beta error statistics for "negative" RCTs are important methodologic problems that could explain the disparate results. Future RCTs of therapy in DU should address these issues.

Cimetidine↗