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Biomedical subjects

H Møller

Publications and source records attributed to H Møller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Risk of testicular cancer in subfertile men: case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between subfertility in men and the subsequent risk of testicular cancer. DESIGN: Population based case-control study. SETTING: The Danish population. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry; controls were randomly selected from the Danish population with the computerised Danish Central Population Register. Men were interviewed by telephone; 514 men with cancer and 720 controls participated. OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence of testicular cancer. RESULTS: A reduced risk of testicular cancer was associated with paternity (relative risk 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.85). In men who before the diagnosis of testicular cancer had a lower number of children than expected on the basis of their age, the relative risk was 1.98 (1.43 to 2.75). There was no corresponding protective effect associated with a higher number of children than expected. The associations were similar for seminoma and non-seminoma and were not influenced by adjustment for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that male subfertility and testicular cancer share important aetiological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Natural history and etiology of liver disease in patients with previous community-acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. A follow-up study of 178 Danish patients consecutively enrolled in The Copenhagen Hepatitis Acuta Programme in the period 1969-1987.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Consecutive patients originally diagnosed with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis were followed up to assess the long-term morbidity and mortality and to re-evaluate the etiology in surviving patients. METHODS: Follow-up was performed in 178 patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis enrolled in the Copenhagen Hepatitis Acuta Programme in the period 1969-1987. Mortality and morbidity were assessed using: i) death certificates and ii) diagnoses at discharge following all somatic admissions. All patients who were alive were offered a re-examination encompassing clinical, biochemical and virological evaluation. RESULTS: After a median of 23 years, 71 (40%) had died and seven (4%) were untraceable. Overall mortality and mortality due to cirrhosis and accidents, mainly intoxication with drugs, were significantly higher compared to those of an age- and sex-matched Danish population. Chronic hepatitis had been diagnosed in 19 (11%) and cirrhosis in 16 (9%). Of 100 patients who were alive, 57 accepted a re-examination. Anti-HCV was detected in 24 (42%) and 19 (33%) were HCV-RNA positive. Of the viremic patients, 11 (58%) had elevated P-ALT, but only three (16%) had already been diagnosed with HCV infection. A history of intravenous drug use was tantamount to anti-HCV positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Danish patients with community-acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis had an increased mortality due to liver cirrhosis during the first years after the acute infection. Alcohol was the etiological agent in several cases, but HCV infection may also have been present. However, the long-term HCV-related morbidity and mortality were low.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of ultrasound-estimated date of delivery in 17,450 spontaneous singleton births: do we need to modify Naegele's rule?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the size of error in the predicted date of delivery by biparietal diameter (BPD) and last menstrual period (LMP) in different clinical models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Predicted dates of delivery were calculated in 14,805 spontaneous deliveries with a reliable date of LMP using two assumptions: average length of pregnancy of 280 and of 282 days. Errors in these calculated dates were tested when used alone or combined, i.e. the LMP-predicted date of delivery was used as first choice unless the discrepancy between gestational age calculated by BPD and LMP exceeded 7, 10 or 14 days. RESULTS: The average discrepancy (error) between predicted date of delivery from BPD and LMP and date of spontaneous delivery was 7.96 and 8.63 days, respectively (p < 0.0001). Adding 282 instead of 280 days to the first day of the LMP reduced the error of the LMP method from 8.63 to 8.41 days, reduced the percentage of classified post-term deliveries from 7.9 to 5.2% and increased the preterm births from 3.96 to 4.48%. No models of combined use of LMP and BPD were superior to the use of BPD alone. CONCLUSION: If both BPD and LMP are available, BPD should be used to predict term. If only LMP is available, term should be calculated as the first date of the LMP plus 282.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1999

Decrease in mortality in patients with a hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in Denmark during the period 1980-1993.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased mortality. We hypothesized that the death rate in atrial fibrillation patients in Denmark has diminished during the period 1980-1993. METHODS: In a random sample of half of the Danish population, 30 330 patients were found to have a diagnosis of incident atrial fibrillation in the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register 1980-1993. Information on previous and concomitant cardiovascular and metabolic diseases during the period 1977-1993 was sought in the register. The temporal trend in total and cardiovascular mortality in the cohort of atrial fibrillation patients was analysed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in total and cardiovascular mortality was seen, 12-13% for total mortality and 17-18% for cardiovascular mortality. By adjusting for the decreasing cardiovascular mortality rate in the general population, a decrease in the relative risk of total mortality of 8-13% with time was seen for the atrial fibrillation cohort, compared with the population risk, while no reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular death was seen. CONCLUSION: A significant decrease in mortality with calendar period occurred in the cohort of atrial fibrillation patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Natural variation in the human sex ratio.

Analysis of the effect of multiple birth, birth order, age of parents and the sexes of preceding siblings on the secondary sex ratio was performed for 815 891 children, born in Denmark, 1980-1993. The proportion of males was analysed as a function of multiple birth, birth order, age of parents and the sexes of preceding siblings, using contingency tables, chi(2) tests and logistic regression analysis. The secondary sex ratio decreased with increased number of children per plural birth and with paternal age, whereas no independent effect was observed for maternal age, birth order, the sex of the preceding child, or the combination of sexes of previously born children in the family.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Fertility rates in Denmark in relation to the sexes of preceding children in the family.

Analysis of the effect of sex combination of previously born children in the family on fertility rates was performed for 363,373 Danish families comprising a total of 613,900 children, to address the questions of sex preference and combination preference. The fertility rates were stratified by parental age, period and latency time to the next child, and fertility rate ratios were estimated using multiplicative Poisson regression models. Our results demonstrate a strong preference for a balanced composition of sexes in Danish families. In families with two or three children the highest fertility rates were seen in families who had same-sexed children. The lowest fertility rates were in families with two children of identical sex followed by a child of the opposite sex. A moderate sex preference for girls was indicated by higher fertility rates in two-boy families than in two-girl families.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1999

A follow-up study of postpartum psychoses: prognosis and risk factors for readmission.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the prognosis and risk factors for the first readmission after postpartum psychosis. METHOD: Linking the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Danish Psychiatric Central Register from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 1993 revealed 1173 women diagnosed with a psychosis within 91 days of delivery. The relative risk (RR) of readmission was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: An increased risk of readmission was found for women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.9-3.1) and for women with a history of previous psychiatric admission (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5-2.1) compared to first-admitted women with other functional psychoses. Unmarried women also showed an increased risk of readmission, and only preterm delivery was associated with a reduced risk of readmission. CONCLUSION: Preterm delivery predicts the best prognosis after postpartum psychosis. The majority of readmissions were related to the psychopathology of the patient and to lack of social support.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias.

PURPOSE: We studied risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a register based, case control study of 6,177 boys with cryptorchidism, 1,345 with hypospadias and 23,273 male controls born live in Denmark from 1983 to 1992 to determine the effects of cryptorchidism and hypospadias on the presence of the other abnormality in an individual, the presence of the abnormalities in an older brother, birth weight, weeks of gestation, maternal history of stillbirth, parity, twin birth, parental age, nationality and professional status. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios. RESULTS: In an individual simultaneous cryptorchidism and hypospadias were more common than expected. There was an increased risk of both entities when the same abnormality was present in an older brother. The risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with decreasing birth weight independent of weeks of gestation. Twins were at lower risk than singletons for both entities in all lower birth weight groups. An increased risk of hypospadias was noted in the sons of women who had had a previous stillbirth. The risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias slightly increased with decreasing parity. CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight was the principal determinant of cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Twins were at lower risk for both abnormalities than singletons in the same birth weight classes. There are indications of separate genetic as well as common environmental causes of cryptorchidism and hypospadias.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1998

[Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of cancer].

In the current study we linked data from the Danish Hospital Discharge Register and the Danish Cancer Registry to estimate cancer occurrence among more than 20,000 patients hospitalized at least once with rheumatoid arthritis during 1977-1987. During a follow-up interval of up to 15 years, we found increased risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and lung cancer, while the risk of colorectal cancer was decreased. These findings were all in agreement with the results of previous studies from two other Nordic countries, which were based on a similar type of data. We also found an excess of non-melanoma skin cancer and a deficit of female breast cancer, of which only the breast cancer observation had been seen in an earlier study.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Decline in sex ratio at birth after Kobe earthquake.

We investigated the possible association between the Kobe earthquake (January 1995) and the sex ratio among live-born infants after the catastrophe. A significant decline in the sex ratio (0.501) of Hyogo Prefecture in October 1995 was observed 9 months after the Kobe earthquake as compared with an expected value of 0.516 in the period from January 1993 to January 1996 (P = 0.04; one-tailed). Simultaneously, a reduction in fertility of approximately 6% was also observed, compared with the month of October 2 years previously. Thus, the acute stress resulting from a great natural catastrophe can be a cause of a low sex ratio at birth 9 months later.

Disasters↗
PubMed1998

Trends in sex-ratio, testicular cancer and male reproductive hazards: are they connected?

In the last few decades, the male proportion of newborn babies has been decreasing in several populations. The changes are very small and without practical importance per se, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not known. In the same period, testicular cancer incidence has increased, and there has been indications of decreasing sperm counts in men in several populations. The available knowledge on factors that influence the sex-ratio in humans supports the idea that an excess of girls in the offspring of a man may be an indicator of reproductive hazards. Data from a Danish case-control study show strong associations between testicular cancer, low fertility and a low M:F sex-ratio in the offspring. It is proposed as a hypothesis that there may exist common aetiological factors for testicular cancer, low fertility and low offspring sex-ratio, and that a search for the causal factors involved may focus on agents that can act prenatally to disrupt the normal development and differentiation of the male reproductive organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cryptorchidism and hypospadias in sons of gardeners and farmers.

Cryptorchidism and hypospadias have been related to prenatal estrogen exposure in animal models. Some chemicals used in farming and gardening have been shown to possess estrogenic and other hormone-disrupting effects. Earlier studies have indicated increased risks of urogenital malformations in the sons of pesticide appliers. In the present study, parental occupation in the farming and gardening industry among 6,177 cases of cryptorchidism, 1,345 cases of hypospadias, and 23,273 controls, born live from 1983 to 1992 in Denmark, was investigated in a register-based case-control study. A significantly increased risk of cryptorchidism but not hypospadias was found in sons of women working in gardening (adjusted odds ratio = 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.47). The risks were not increased in sons of men working in farming or gardening. The increased risk of cryptorchidism among sons of female gardeners could suggest an association with prenatal exposure to occupationally related chemicals.

Adolescent↗