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Biomedical subjects

H Mørland

Publications and source records attributed to H Mørland.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Acute cardiovascular fatalities following cannabis use.

We report six cases of possible acute cardiovascular death in young adults, where very recent cannabis ingestion was documented by the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in postmortem blood samples. A broad toxicological blood analysis could not reveal other drugs. Similar cases have been reported in the literature, but the toxicological analysis has been absent or limited to urine samples, which represent a much broader time window for cannabis intake. This paper presents six case reports, where cannabis alone was detected in blood. Further, an overview over previously published cases, clinical trials and possible patho-physiological mechanisms are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Alcohol and infections].

For many years, chronic alcoholism has been associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. This report reviews some of the current knowledge on this topic. Lung infections in particular occur frequently among alcoholics. Alcohol has been shown experimentally to inhibit many aspects of our defense mechanisms against infections. These mechanisms include unspecific external defense mechanisms such as mucociliary clearance and glottic reflexes. Reduced phagocytic functions have also been demonstrated, reflected in reduced reticuloendothelial clearance, and, in addition, proliferative responses of immunocompetent T-cells. Most studies have been carried out on individuals with a serious drinking problem, in most cases alcoholics. We still know little about the effect of a single large intake of alcohol, or of moderate alcohol consumption, on infections among normal individuals.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

The interaction of ethanol with human monocyte IgG-Fc receptors, characterized by monoclonal antibodies raised against two distinct receptor subpopulations.

Human blood monocytes (Mo) in medium containing 10% autologous serum were exposed to ethanol (160 mM) at 37 degrees C for 15 min. After being washed, the cells were incubated with murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), one binding to the 40 kDa Fc receptor (FcR) (MoAb IV3) and the other to the 72 kDa FcR (MoAb 32). The incubation was performed with and without excess of human or rabbit IgG. The amount of receptor-bound MoAb was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled anti-mouse IgG. Most control Mo bound MoAb IV3 (90 +/- 8% stained cells) while only 52 +/- 2% Mo were positively stained by MoAb 32. The staining increased in the presence of human IgG in the assay mixtures. Pre-incubation with 160 mM ethanol reduced the MoAb IV3 binding (61 +/- 2% stained cells), but had no significant effect on the binding of MoAb 32. Wash-out experiments indicated normalization of receptor function (MoAb IV3 binding) after 4 h. Treatment of medium or serum with ethanol before incubation of the Mo had no effect. It was concluded that a brief exposure of human Mo to ethanol leads to changes in a subpopulation of IgG FcR. Since these changes appeared when MoAb were used against the receptors, they probably represent a decrease in functional receptors and not changes in affinity.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Different effects of ethanol on particle phagocytosis via different receptors in human monocytes.

Endocytosis of test particles by human blood monocytes (Mo) was tested in the presence of ethanol (80 mM). Phagocytosis via the Fc (IgG)- or C3b receptors (R) was assessed by an assay in which IgG- or C3b coated sheep erythrocytes (E) were used as test particles. Latex particles were tested in parallel with opsonized E. Phagocytosis of IgG-E was reduced to 67 +/- 5% of control (= without ethanol), while the corresponding value for C3b-E was 164 +/- 26% controls. Phagocytosis of latex particles was not affected by ethanol exposure (91 +/- 8% of control). The receptor functions were also tested without ethanol present during the assays. In this part of the study, Mo were incubated with or without ethanol in autologous serum for 15 min at 37 degrees C. After washing the cells free of ethanol, binding properties of the Fc-R or C3b-R were assessed by a rosette assay. Preincubation with ethanol reduced Fc-R binding, while attachment to C3b-R seemed to be more effective. The experiments thus indicate different effects of ethanol treatment in vitro on phagocytic receptors in human Mo. Control experiments revealed no direct effect of ethanol on the test particles.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

Reduced IgG Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis in human monocytes isolated from alcoholics.

Blood monocytes (MC) were isolated from alcoholics and from age-matched controls. Phagocytosis mediated by the IgG Fc-receptor (Fc-R) was assessed in the MC immediately after isolation by using IgG-opsonized sheep erythrocytes as test particles. Experiments were also performed after preincubating the MC in medium containing 10% autologous serum with or without ethanol (80 mM) in vitro at 37 degrees C for 15 min, and with or without ethanol (80 mM) present during the internalization assay in vitro (37 degrees C for 60 min). MC from alcoholics exhibited lower phagocytic capacity via the Fc-R than MC from healthy controls, approximately 50% versus 70% phagocytosing cells. Preincubation of the MC in medium containing 10% autologous serum with 80 mM ethanol, reduced the percentage of phagocytosing MC from controls to 55%, whereas no further reduction occurred in cells from alcoholics. When present during the assays of Fc-R function, ethanol decreased MC phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles significantly in both test groups, to about 30% phagocytosing cells. Blood samples disclosed increased serum levels of markers of liver dysfunction, immunoglobulins, increased sedimentation rate, and white blood cell counts among the alcoholics, while their serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were reduced.

Adult↗