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Biomedical subjects

H Müller

Publications and source records attributed to H Müller.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[DNA diagnostics in hemophilia A and B].

Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A and B are possible with cloned factor-VIII:C- and factor-IX-gene-specific or linked probes which detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). In this study, 12 hemophilia-A- and 5 hemophilia-B-families were studied to identify carriers and provide adequate genetic counselling to women who were heterozygous for one or more of the intragenic or linked DNA probes with respect to future pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Public education in recognizing melanoma].

We report on the first German "melanoma screening week" (Offenbach Melanoma Week). According to the model of the Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection Week in Dayton/Ohio, the population of Offenbach (100.000 inhabitants) were informed about cutaneous malignant melanoma and its early recognition by means of public media, in particular the local press; the people were asked to participate in a voluntary screening including examination of the entire skin. These examinations were offered in 5 local dermatological practices on 5 working days during the European Week Against Cancer in May, 1988, under the auspices of the Hessian Cancer Society. With 2 to 4 dermatologists daily volunteering, a total of 697 persons were screened. Their average age was 48 years. An illustrated brochure ("Red Light for Black Cancer") with instructions for self-examination of the skin served as a consultation basis and memory aid. The screening week was concluded by a 3-hour's question time ("The citizen asks - the expert answers"). The most surprising result of this campaign was the fact that - contrary to earlier experience - 76% of the persons seeking advice were well aware of "black" cancer. The sole new melanoma detected was an extended lentigo maligna melanoma on the right cheek, which had not been noted during a prophylactic medical examination (!) 2 weeks before. The high public awareness of melanoma and the extremely low percentage of undetected melanomas in Hesse are most probably the result of the 8-year's educational campaign against "black" cancer.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1989

Direct effects of motilin on isolated smooth muscle from various regions of the human stomach.

The effects of motilin on gastrointestinal muscles show great variations in different organs and different species. For a precise regional differentiation, we recorded the mechanical activity of longitudinal and circular strips from fundus, corpus and antrum and of circular preparations from the inner and outer layer of the pyloric sphincter and from the duodenum (20 human stomachs). Motilin produced excitatory effects on the mechanical activity of the circular muscle strips from all regions of the human stomach including the pylorus. The effects on longitudinal preparations and on duodenal strips were weak. The most striking effect was an increase of phasic activity (amplitude) in circular antrum preparations, which exceeded the acetylcholine- and bombesin-induced activity. In pylorus preparations, a strong stimulation of phasic activity was observed with a transition to tonic activity in the inner layer of the pyloric ring at high motilin concentrations. The motilin-induced activity of the pyloric preparations was greater than the acetylcholine-induced contractions and even exceeded the bombesin-induced responses in the outer pylorus. The responses of the muscle strips of the proximal stomach (fundus and corpus) were weaker and did not exceed the acetylcholine-induced activity. All effects remained unaltered by atropine and tetrodotoxin application. The study confirms that motilin can interact directly with the smooth muscle of human stomach.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Radioactivity in total diet before and after the Chernobyl reactor accident. The situation in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Radioactivity in total diet samples (1-day rations of adults) has been determined in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1960. Average intake of cesium-137 was 8.9 Bq per day and per person (Bq/d.p) in 1964, 0.15 in 1985, 4.2 in 1986, 7.2 in 1987, and 2.0 in 1988. Cesium-134, not measureable in pre-Chernobyl fallout, averaged 2.0 Bq/d.p in 1986, 3.0 in 1987, and 0.6 in 1988. Intake of strontium-90 was in the same range as in the years preceding the Chernobyl accident. It is estimated that the total effective equivalent dose for adults due to ingestion of Chernobyl-released radionuclides, including iodine-131, will be 0.14 +/- 0.08 mSv.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

The influence of the feeding practice and the season on the contamination of animal food products after a single deposition of radionuclides.

After accidental releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere, the activity concentration in animal food products are dependent on the month in which the release occurs. In most cases the highest contamination of milk or meat can be expected in that month in which the main feedstuff of the ration is harvested. The integral activity concentrations due to foliar uptake in the first year are much greater than the integral activity concentrations over 50 years root uptake.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Determination of the transfer of cesium and iodine from feed into domestic animals.

The transfer of 131I and 137Cs, released after the Chernobyl accident, into domestic animals was studied experimentally in order to determine transfer coefficients from feed into animal products under realistic conditions. The 137Cs transfer coefficients for meat were calculated to be: 0.01 d/kg beef (cow), 0.038 d/kg beef (heifer), 0.038 d/kg beef (bull), 0.35 d/kg veal, 0.4 d/kg pork, 0.33 d/kg sheep, 0.28 d/kg fallow deer and 1.3 d/kg chicken. The transfer coefficients for cow's milk were calculated to be 0.007 d/1 (131I) and 0.003 d/1 (137Cs), and for sheep's milk 0.06 d/1 (137Cs). In egg-white and yolk transfer coefficients for 137Cs of 0.2 and 0.1 d/kg, respectively, could be determined. Biological half-lives and the influence of feed additives on the activity concentrations in meat and animal products are described.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Forty-five specimens consisting of mandibular bone and adjacent squamous cell carcinoma were histologically investigated. In 23 of them, there was no involvement of the mandibular bone: a continuous periosteal layer separated the tumour from the bone. Tumour spread through periosteal lymphatics was not observed in any of these cases and therefore there is no reason to sacrifice bone when the tumour is not fixed to the jaw. Twenty-two specimens exhibited bony involvement. In 10 of them, the bone was eroded by an advancing tumour front. None of these cases exhibited tumour invasion into cancellous spaces, dental canal or periodontal ligament space. Tumours with this type of bony involvement are amenable to mandible-sparing surgical treatment. The other 12 exhibited diffuse growth into cancellous bone, dental canal and, if present, periodontal ligament space. Cases like these are to be operated on by removing the entire thickness of the involved mandibular part. Tumours involving bone were slightly larger than those leaving bone uninvolved. The tumours eroding bone were of a smaller size than those infiltrating bone. The differences, however, are too small to have a predictive value in treatment planning. Attention is drawn to the presence of dental epithelial rests that should not be mistaken for invading tumour nests.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Spindle-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and larynx. Immunohistochemical aspects.

Five cases of monophasic and 7 cases of biphasic spindle-cell carcinomas were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of vimentin and keratin type intermediate filaments in the pleomorphic spindle cells. Vimentin reactivity proved to be a consistent feature but keratin reactivity was more variable, this latter filament being lost in two cases initially presenting as pure squamous cell carcinomas showing dedifferentiation towards a pure monophasic spindle-cell tumour when recurring. The converse was also noted: acquisition of keratin in a monophasic spindle-cell tumour that recurred as squamous cell carcinoma. These results were considered to support the concept that spindle-cell tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract are a peculiar type of carcinoma and not a product of a pluripotent stem cell exhibiting bidirectional differentiation. Diagnostic implications are as follows: keratin positivity in a spindle-cell tumour substantiates its carcinomatous nature but its absence does not rule out a diagnosis of spindle-cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Lysosomal enzyme activity influenced by various types of respiration during extracorporeal circulation.

The hypoxic damage of the lung as seen after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is in correlation to lysosomal hydrolase and protease activation. In the recent study the effect of various types of respiration during ECC on lysosomal enzyme release were studied. 53 patients undergoing open heart surgery were divided into 4 groups: Apnoea, low frequency, continuous positive airway pressure, combination of low frequency and continuous positive airway pressure. Paired blood samples were withdrawn from the superior vena cava (SVC) and the left atrium (LA) throughout the cardiopulmonary bypass. A continuous increase of N-azetyl-beta-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) in venous plasma and significant differences (SVC-LA) with higher activities in the LA in the apnoea group were detectable (p less than or equal to 0.05-p less than or equal to 0.01). In the other groups a time dependent course could also be evaluated, but the changes of the activities were not significant. The different types of respiration during ECC influenced the clinical course and outcome of the patients in correlation to the release of lysosomal enzymes from the lung. It is concluded that concentration gradients of lysosomal enzymes are an index for pulmonary damage due to the extracorporeal perfusion in open heart surgery. The activation of lysosomal enzymes in the lung circulation are positively influenced by "ventilation" during ECC.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

Experimental determination of transfer coefficients of 137Cs and 131I from fodder into milk of cows and sheep after the Chernobyl accident.

Following the Chernobyl accident in April 1986, the transfer of 131I and 137Cs from feed to milk was studied under experimental and common agricultural conditions. From measurements in different dairy farms in Southern Bavaria, equilibrium transfer coefficients for cow's milk were calculated to be 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0015 to 0.005) for 131I and 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0025 to 0.004) for 137Cs. In feeding experiments with cows and sheep under more controlled conditions, milk transfer coefficients of 0.007 d L-1 (range 0.0055 to 0.0081) for 131I and 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0023 to 0.0053) for 137Cs were obtained for cows, while for sheep the 137Cs transfer coefficient was higher: 0.06 d L-1. The kinetics of the Cs transfer from fodder to cow's milk can be described by two exponential terms assuming biological half-lives in milk of 1-2 d and 10-20 d. The use of a fast component with 1.5 d and a fraction of 0.8, and a slow component with 15 d, gives a good approximation to the kinetics for all cows in this experiment.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Polyomavirus infection in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): clinical and aetiological studies.

In order to get insight into the aetiology of French Moult (FM) and Budgerigar Fledgling Disease (BFD), and to determine relationships between the two diseases, 298 budgerigars from 49 different breeding flocks were examined. From all birds with BFD and from several birds with FM, viruses were isolated which produced characteristic cytopathic changes in chicken embryo fibroblasts. They were insensitive to chloroform treatment, and their replication was inhibited in the presence of 5-iododeoxyuridine. One of these isolates, from a bird exhibiting clinical signs of BFD, was determined by biochemical and biophysical methods to be a polyomavirus (BFDV). Nestling budgerigars 3 to 10 days of age, were inoculated with this BFDV isolate. They developed an acute systemic disease with high mortality rates, similar to naturally occurring infections. In this regard, BFDV differs markedly from all the other polyomaviruses known until now which only cause clinically asymptomatic, persistent infections in their natural hosts. Most of the birds examined with clinical signs of BFD or FM exhibited low titers of antibodies neutralizing the BFDV isolate, whereas in clinically healthy birds from flocks that never had any problems with FM or BFD, no antibodies against BFDV could be detected. On account of the results of our experiments described here we suspect that FM might be a milder, more protracted form of a BFDV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Myristoylation of budgerigar fledgling disease virus capsid protein VP2.

We present evidence that the structural protein VP2 of budgerigar fledgling disease virus, an avian polyomavirus, is specifically modified by covalent attachment of myristic acid. The fatty acid linkage is insensitive to hydroxylamine treatment and thus represents the amide type of fatty acylation of proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Systemically administered regional tumor therapy. Regional hemi-body chemotherapy of metastatic malignant melanoma--an experimental therapy concept].

Since systemic application of a high-dose chemotherapy is limited by the extent of intolerable toxicity and overall response rates so far are rather poor, the systemic mode of chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma appears to be of only limited benefit. On the other hand, results from isolated limb perfusion for satellitosis and in-transit metastasis suggest distinct dose-response correlations with tumoricidal properties of appropriate antineoplastic agents. This experience prompted the idea to pilot the anti-tumor action of a high-dose regimen confined to one hemibody compartment for targeted tumor therapy. After having standardized the surgical procedure this goal appeared to be achievable by expanding the perfused area and by simultaneously detoxifying toxic drug levels within the non-perfused compartment by venous filtration. Two initial causal experiences revealed impressive tumor regressions and are therefore reported on preceding subsequent evaluation within a controlled clinical trial being designed at different solid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical analysis of graft rejection in formalin fixed kidney biopsies].

One hundred and five formalin fixed renal allograft biopsies with a graft survival of more than 12 months have been examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods. 51 cases of vascular and 41 cases of tubulointerstitial allograft rejections were diagnosed by conventional light microscopy. 13 cases showed a combined type of rejection. The vascular and the interstitial type contain on average 64 respectively 79 CD 45 positive cells/mm2 surface of section. A mean of 70 cells/mm2 has been calculated for the combined type of rejection. The corresponding mean values of MT 1 positive T-lymphocytes are 46 in the vascular type, 52 in the combined type and 60 cells/mm2 in the tubulointerstitial type of allograft rejection. Apparently because of the great ranges there are no statistically significant differences between the observations in the different types of rejection. His equal for the concentration of Mac 387 positive macrophages and as well for the content of L26 positive B-lymphocytes in the different types of rejection. The concentrations of HLA-DR expressing cells in the interstitium are determined with a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody, which detects a fixation resistant epitope of the DR-molecule. There is an average of DR positive cells/mm2 of 79 in vascular and 107 in interstitial rejection. The combined type of rejection contains 86 cell/mm2 on average, so that there is a statistically significant positive correlation, if you will order the observations in sequence of vascular, combined and interstitial type of rejection. In this case the observations of interstitial and vascular rejections differ statistically significant as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1989

[The course of blood glucose and electrolyte status in parenteral nutrition with a complete solution following intestinal resection].

In 15 patients after resection of a part of the large intestine the efficacy of a complete solution for total parenteral nutrition was investigated. Glucose concentrations were 20 mg/dl higher than normal from the operation up to the fifth postoperative day. Electrolyte concentrations were normal during the investigation period. There was only a decrease in the total protein concentration to a lower normal range after the operation till the fifth postoperative day. No systemic or special side effects appeared after the infusion.

Aged↗