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Biomedical subjects

H Maguire

Publications and source records attributed to H Maguire.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The epidemiology and control of hepatitis A.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is endemic in developing countries and remains a public health problem elsewhere. A total of 7430 cases was notified in England and Wales in 1991. Children and young adults were most frequently affected. Risk factors include travel to countries of high endemicity, contact with an infected person and shellfish consumption. Person-to-person spread is common within families, closely knit communities and schools (especially nurseries). The provision of safe water and sanitary disposal of faeces are prerequisites for control of HAV throughout the world. In developed countries, human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) is used for post-exposure prophylaxis and is given to those travelling abroad prior to possible exposure. Recommendations for the use of hepatitis A vaccine have have recently been made but it is expensive. Further studies on risk factors for infection, and on the efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in outbreak control, are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An outbreak of Salmonella dublin infection in England and Wales associated with a soft unpasteurized cows' milk cheese.

An outbreak of Salmonella dublin infection occurred in England and Wales in October to December 1989. Forty-two people were affected, mainly adults, and most lived in south-east England. Microbiological and epidemiological investigations implicated an imported Irish soft unpasteurized cows' milk cheese as the vehicle of infection. A case-control study showed a statistically significant association between infection and consumption of the suspect cheese (p = 0.001). Salmonella dublin was subsequently isolated from cheeses obtained from the manufacturer's premises. Initial control measures included the withdrawal of the cheese from retail sale and a Food Hazard Warning to Environmental Health Departments, as well as a press release, from the Department of Health. Subsequently, a decision was taken by the manufacturer to pasteurize milk used in the production of cheese for the UK market and importation of the cheese resumed in June 1990.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Policies for control of communicable disease in day care centres.

A survey was carried out to identify the availability and quality of guidelines for the prevention and control of communicable disease and procedures in use in child day care centres within the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. A sample of 50 day care centres was investigated including those funded by social services and privately funded day care centres. Policies for the prevention and control of communicable disease for children and staff showed a wide variation between different centres. Exclusion criteria were unclear especially in relation to carriers of the hepatitis B virus and HIV positive children. Channels for reporting and seeking advice were inconsistent. It is recommended that clear and up to date written guidelines on the prevention and control of communicable diseases should be available in all day care centres with clear indications of good practice and channels for reporting and advice. It is desirable that guidelines are agreed by the different health and local authorities throughout the region.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1992

A syndrome of autosomal dominant alternating hemiplegia: clinical presentation mimicking intractable epilepsy; chromosomal studies; and physiologic investigations.

We report the familial occurrence and apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. The proband, a 9-year-old boy, presented with developmental retardation, rare tonic-clonic seizures, and frequent episodes of flaccid alternating hemiplegia that had been presumed to represent postictal paralysis. The hemiplegia spells, which started in his first year, did not respond to multiple antiepileptics. Between attacks, there was choreoathetosis and dystonic posturing. Father, brother, paternal uncle, and paternal grandmother had similar histories of alternating hemiplegia. Investigations included negative CT, metabolic, and coagulation studies. EEG and SPECT 99mTc exametazime scanning failed to reveal any significant slowing or any major changes in cortical perfusion during hemiplegia as compared with nonhemiplegic periods. The karyotype revealed a balanced reciprocal translocation, 46,XY,t(3;9)(p26;q34) in the patient, in all the affected living relatives, and in one apparently unaffected sibling. The asymptomatic mother had a normal karyotype. Analysis of DNA markers was consistent with the karyotype results. Both affected siblings were treated with and responded to flunarizine therapy, with a greater than 70% decrease in attack frequency. Documented flunarizine trough serum concentrations were 28.9 ng/ml in the proband and 6.6 ng/ml in his brother.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Blood pressure levels among primary school children.

Blood pressure, height, weight and body mass index were measured in 1,280 Irish children aged 5-12 years (640 boys and 640 girls). Mean systolic and diastolic pressures accurate to within +/- 3 mmHg for each one year age-sex-group are presented. Blood pressure levels were found to correlate positively and significantly with height, weight and body mass index in both sexes. Forty nine (8%) boys and 58 (9%) girls were found to have a mean systolic blood pressure level above the 95th percentile value recommended by the 1987 Task Force of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of America. Sixty eight (11%) boys and 71 (11%) girls had elevated diastolic levels above 95th percentile values, while 19 (3%) boys and 20 (3%) girls had an elevation of both systolic and diastolic pressure. The implications of these findings for Irish children are discussed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1976

Invasion and metastasis of a xenogeneic tumor in nude mice.

When aliquots of a malignant hamster tumor were transplanted to nude mice and to hamsters, the tumor showed 1) more rapid growth in the hamster, 2) local invasion and metastasis in both species, and 3) occasional spontaneous regression in the nude mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Establishment and characterization of human neuroblastoma cell lines.

Three new tissue culture cell lines, CHP-100, CHP-126, and CHP-134, have been established from explant cultures of human neuroblastoma. The cell lines have been characterized with respect to morphology, chromosomes constitution, growth, neural enzyme content, and their ability to grow in nude mice. The cells grow as dense masses comprised of fibroblast-or neuroblast-like cells with small processes. The cell lines differ in their neural enzyme acitivity. The chromosomal content of the 3 cell lines is near diploid, and all are capable of forming tumors in nude mice. The morphological findings indicate that the cells in culture resemble those found in the tumor, and the enzyme activities are consistent with those of nervous tissue. This the morphological, biochemical, and tumorigenic properties confirm that the 3 cell lines are neoplastic cells of neural origin.

Acetylcholinesterase↗