Augmented inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in combined use of electroporation with a plant toxin, saporin.
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
Biomedical subjects
H Mashiba
Publications and source records attributed to H Mashiba.
[Evaluation of antitumor activity of etoposide administered orally for 21 consecutive days against human uterine cancer subcutaneous and/or orthotopic xenografts in nude mice].
The antitumor activity of etoposide (ETP) against human uterine cancer cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxic activity of ETP against HeLa S3, a human cervical cancer cell line, depended on exposure time. The survival rate with 24 h prolonged exposure was reduced to about 1/200 that with 6 h exposure. The time dependency of antitumor activity of ETP against HeLa S3 subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice was studied. The effect of 21 or 28 consecutive days oral administration was greater than that of 5 or 14 consecutive days. Furthermore, a longer administration schedule was less toxic. The antitumor activity of ETP administered orally for 21 consecutive days was compared with that of CDDP, CPT-11 and 5'-DFUR using both human uterine cancer cell lines (TCO-1, SIHA, UCC08JCK) transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice and human uterine cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, UCC08JCK) transplanted into the uterus of nude mice. ETP showed the same antitumor activity as CPT-11 and 5'-DFUR against TCO-1 and UCC08JCK, human uterine cancer cell lines transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. ETP also showed anticancer activity against two cell lines transplanted into the uterus. The growth inhibition caused by ETP administered orally at 50 mg/kg against HeLa S3 transplanted subcutaneously was 36.7% while that against the same cell line transplanted into the uterus was 58.5%. 5'-DFUR also showed the same antitumor activity as ETP. These results suggest that long term oral administration of ETP is clinically useful for cervical cancer patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
A new candidate mutation (N528S) within the von Willebrand factor propeptide identified in a Japanese patient with phenotype IIC of von Willebrand disease.
Phenotype IIC of von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a subtype of type 2A vWD characterized by recessive inheritance and an impaired multimerization of von Willebrand factor (vWF) molecules beyond dimers. The 5 patients with phenotype IIC whose vWF gene defect has been characterized so far are either homozygous or double heterozygotes for mutations localized in exons 11, 12, 14 or 15. We report here the identification of a new candidate mutation in a previously described Japanese patient affected with phenotype IIC vWD. The propositus is homozygous for the A1833G nucleotide substitution, in exon 14 of vWF gene, responsible for the N528S mutation within the vWF propeptide. This finding is in agreement with the consanguineous origin of the propositus, whose parents are first cousins. Six patients' relatives who are asymptomatic were studied and found heterozygous for the N528S mutation. The screening of the whole vWF gene, either by SSCP or sequencing, did not reveal any other deleterious sequence alteration in the patient. Furthermore, the N528S nonconservative substitution identified is located in the vWF propeptide region, where the other phenotype IIC mutations described so far are clustered. The N528S candidate mutation characterized is, therefore, most probably responsible for the multimerization defect of vWF observed in this patient.
Adult↗
The usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 in diagnosing and monitoring malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Five patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) were studied to determine whether CYFRA 21-1 is useful for diagnosis of this disease. In pleural effusions, the median concentration of CYFRA 21-1 from 4 patients with MPM was significantly higher than for 34 patients with benign diseases. The sensitivity of serum CYFRA 21-1 for diagnosis of MPM was 40% and its concentration changed in proportion to disease activity in all cases. Immunohistochemically, anticytokeratin 19 antibody revealed strong staining in both epithelial and sarcomatous MPM tissues. Based on these results, we conclude that measurement of CYFRA 21-1 in pleural effusions and serum may be useful for diagnosing and monitoring MPM.
Aged↗
Two familial mesothelioma cases with high concentrations of soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment in pleural fluid.
We report two cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma occurring almost simultaneously in one family. Patient 1 was a 42-year-old Japanese man who had worked as an electrical engineer for 25 years. Patient 2, his mother, was 69 years old. She lived for 10 years with patient 1 after he started his work, and also worked at a shipyard herself for 6 years. The concentrations of cytokeratin subunit 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) in pleural fluid of the two patients were 1,500 ng/ml, and 1,200 ng/ml, respectively. Measurement of CYFRA 21-1 concentration in the pleural fluid may be a useful tool for a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.
Adult↗
Benign asbestos pleural effusion associated with pulmonary aspergilloma.
A rare case of benign asbestos pleural effusion associated with aspergilloma is reported. A chest radiograph of a 75-year-old Japanese man who was admitted with right chest pain showed a right pleural effusion and nodular shadows in the right apex and left middle lung field. Thoracocentesis revealed an exudate with atypical mesothelial cells. An open lung biopsy showed aspergilloma in the right S2 area and no evidence of malignancy. Many reactive mesothelial cells were found in the pleura. A quantitative asbestos digestion study of the lung tissue biopsy showed high-grade asbestos exposure.
Aged↗
Spontaneous regression of malignant lymphoma of the stomach.
We report a case of complete and spontaneous regression of malignant lymphoma of the stomach. A submucosal tumor with central ulceration was detected on the greater curvature of the stomach in a 63-year-old woman. The tumor was diagnosed histopathologically as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (REAL classification). The tumor disappeared 18 days later without chemotherapy. Examination at that stage showed Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which was later treated with antibiotics. There was no evidence of recurrence of the malignant lymphoma at the last follow-up conducted at the time of preparation of this report, 13 months after the initial diagnosis. Spontaneous regression of an intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is uncommon. We discuss the possible role of H. pylori in the regression of gastric malignant lymphomas.
Biopsy↗
Malignant transformation by overproduction of translation initiation factor eIF4G.
N4G3, a cell line that overexpresses translation initiation factor eIF4G, one of the components of eIF4F, was made by stable transfection of the human eIF4G cDNA into NIH3T3 cells. The cells expressed 80-100 times greater levels of eIF4G mRNA than did NIH3T3 cells. N4G3 cells formed transformed foci on a monolayer of cells, showed anchorage-independent growth, and formed tumors in nude mice. These results indicate that overexpression of eIF4G caused malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells. It is also known that overexpression of eIF4E, another component of eIF4F, causes transformation of NIH3T3 cells. However, there was no difference in the amount of eIF4E protein between N4G3 and NIH3T3 cells, indicating that cell transformation does not involve a change in eIF4E levels. The results may be due to an effect of eIF4G on translational control of protein synthesis directed by mRNAs having long 5'-untranslated region.
3T3 Cells↗
Characteristics of 161 patients with cardiac tumors diagnosed during 1993 and 1994 in Japan.
We investigated clinical and pathologic characteristics of 161 patients with primary or secondary cardiac tumors diagnosed between 1993 and 1994 in Japan. The increased use of cardiovascular imaging, especially echocardiography, contributed to the early identification of small cardiac tumors, resulting in a reduction of the serious complications such as embolization.
Adolescent↗
Gastric corpus IL-8 concentration and neutrophil infiltration in duodenal ulcer patients.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the gastric body due to Helicobacter pylori infection and histological gastritis, as well as elucidating the effect of acid secretion inhibitors on H. pylori associated body gastritis in duodenal ulcer patients. METHODS: Twenty H. pylori-negative patients, 20 H. pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis without peptic ulceration, and 20 H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcer patients (DU) were studied. Four biopsy samples were taken, each from the greater curvature of the antrum and body of the stomach. Biopsies were histologically investigated by ELISA to determine the density of H. pylori, the degree of neutrophil infiltration and the IL-8 concentration in the mucosa. RESULTS: In the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-negative subjects, no IL-8 and hardly any neutrophil infiltration were observed. In contrast, enhanced IL-8 production and increased neutrophil infiltration were present in those infected with H. pylori. In H. pylori-positive patients, a significant correlation was observed between the IL-8 concentration and the degree of neutrophil infiltration, but no correlation was found in the body mucosa of those with DU. Twelve of 20 DU patients demonstrated hardly any neutrophil infiltration, despite the increased mucosal IL-8 content in the body. The administration of omeprazole in DU patients markedly increased mucosal neutrophil infiltration even though it did not cause any significant change in the H. pylori density and IL-8 concentration in the body. Although the effect of omeprazole was transient, a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration continued in comparison with the status before omeprazole administration in those subsequently undergoing maintenance treatment with H2-blockers. CONCLUSION: In H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, IL-8 concentration is enhanced in the mucosa of the body, and is associated with increased neutrophil infiltration. However, in DU patients, despite increases in body IL-8 concentration, neutrophil infiltration is reduced and the gastritis may be localized in the antrum.
Adult↗
Serum interleukin-5 levels in a case with allergic granulomatous angiitis.
A 50-year-old woman with allergic granulomatous angiitis (AGA) presented with an elevated serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) level upon admission to a hospital. Administration of prednisolone showed marked improvement of asthmatic symptoms, reduced eosinophil counts of peripheral blood, and normalized serum IL-5 levels. This is the first report describing an elevated serum level of IL-5 in AGA. The present findings suggest that IL-5 is involved in the pathogenesis of AGA.
Biomarkers↗
[Prognostic survey of elderly patients with hypertension in the Chugoku and Shikoku districts--mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular complications. Study Group for Elderly Hypertensives in Chugoku and Shikoku Districts].
In order to examine the current status of antihypertensive drug therapy for elderly hypertensive patients, and the effect of clinical characteristics and drugs on their prognosis, 1669 hypertensive patients in the Chugoku and Shikoku districts, aged between 65 and 84 years, were enrolled and followed for 3 years. Of the 1669 patients enrolled, 1459 were selected for evaluation and 1127 patients were followed. Group A comprised 955 patients who had not suffered from any accident, group B comprised 139 patients who had suffered from a cerebral, cardiac, renal or other non-fatal accident, and group C comprised 33 patients who died. The mortality rate was 10.7/1000 patient.years and the morbidity rate was 55.6/1000 patient.years. The number of patients who received monotherapy was 736 (calcium channel blockers: #436, beta blockers: #100, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: #80, diuretics: #64, alpha blockers: #16; others: #13). In group C, there were more male, and the patients were older and showed a higher level of serum creatinine concentration at enrollment compared with other groups. The use of diuretics and beta blockers tended to be low in this group. Among the three groups, however, there was no difference in blood pressure, heart rate or the use of each drug at enrollment. In summary, it is suggested that the different antihypertensive drug therapies die not influence the prognosis of elderly hypertensive patients.
Aged↗
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on subsequent development of cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.
Although epidemiological studies strongly suggest an association between gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection, there has been no clinical report indicating that cure of the infection prevents cancer. We conducted a nonrandomized H. pylori eradication trial in patients whose gastric cancer was removed by endoscopic resection (ER). We investigated the effect of treatment on the histopathology of the gastric mucosa, as well as on the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer during the long-term clinical and endoscopic follow-up. One hundred and thirty-two patients with early gastric cancer underwent ER and had H. pylori infection. Sixty-five (group A) were treated with omeprazole and antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and 67 (group B) were not. All patients were followed for 2 years post ER. After eradication treatment in group A, the disappearance of neutrophil infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach was observed as was a decrease of the severity of intestinal metaplasia. Endoscopy after ER detected no new gastric cancers in these patients. After 3 years of follow-up, 6 (9%) of the 67 patients in group B had a new early-stage, intestinal-type gastric cancer endoscopically diagnosed. The above results suggest that H. pylori eradication may improve neutrophil infiltration and intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa and inhibit the development of new carcinomas. This finding should be confirmed in a randomized, controlled trial.
Adult↗
Ammonia response to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure.
OBJECTIVE: To assess energy depletion in skeletal muscle in patients with congestive heart failure by measuring blood purine metabolites during exercise and, at the same time, determine the implications of the ammonia response to exercise in these patients. SETTING: Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan. PATIENTS: 49 heart failure patients (New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades I-III) and 16 normal subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood lactate, ammonia, and hypoxanthine levels were measured during exercise with expired gas analysis. RESULTS: In normal exercising subjects as well as in each heart failure subgroup, the ammonia threshold was significantly higher than both the lactate threshold [control: 21.8 (SD 5.3) v 17.4 (3.3) ml/kg/min; NYHA class I: 18.9 (3.8) v 15.5 (2.6); class II: 14.8 (2.5) v 12.7 (2.4); class III: 13.5 (2.6) v 11.8 (2.5)] and the ventilatory threshold (P < 0.01). The difference between the ammonia and lactate thresholds was noted in all normal subjects and in all heart failure patients. The ammonia threshold, however, was significantly lower in heart failure patients than in normal subjects and it decreased with increasing NYHA class (P < 0.01). Maximum ammonia levels were lower in the heart failure group and decreased further with higher NYHA classifications [control: 198 (52) mg/dl; NYHA class I: 170 (74); class II: 134 (58); class III: 72 (15); P < 0.01]. There were significant correlations between maximum ammonia values and maximum lactate, oxygen consumption, and hypoxanthine levels (r = 0.74, 0.48, and 0.87, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ammonia threshold may reflect the onset of ATP depletion in exercising skeletal muscles, as opposed to the onset of anaerobic respiration. It seems therefore that energy depletion in skeletal muscles during exercise occurs after attaining the anaerobic threshold. Both aerobic and anaerobic capacities of skeletal muscle are reduced in patients with congestive heart failure.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Exercise-induced U-wave changes in patients with coronary artery disease--correlation with tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging.
We studied the relation between exercise-induced U-wave changes and the site of a reversible defect in tomographic 201Tl myocardial imaging. Coronary artery disease and control groups consisted of 116 and 42 patients, respectively. In the anteroapical-ischemia group (n = 37), the sensitivity of U-wave inversion in the anterior precordial leads for ischemia was 62% (23/37) and that of prominent U-waves without an increase in the height of the T-wave in the inferior limb leads was 57% (21/37). In this group, 18 patients (49%) met both criteria (18 [78%] of 23 patients with the former; 18 [86%] of 21 patients with the latter). In the posterior-ischemia group (n = 59), the sensitivity of prominent U-waves with a decrease in the height of the T-wave in the anterior precordial leads for ischemia was 63% (37/59) and that of U-wave inversion in the inferior limb leads was 20% (12/59). In this group, 12 patients (20%) met both criteria (12 [32%] of 37 patients with the former; all 12 patients with the latter). The specificity of U-wave criteria was 100%. In the anteroapical and posterior ischemia group (n = 20), the sensitivity of U-wave criteria for anteroapical and posterior ischemia was 85% (17/20) and 40% (8/20), respectively. In conclusion, U-wave criteria are not only specific but also sensitive for myocardial ischemia determined by 201Tl imaging.
Aged↗
Decreased heart rate variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease.
We investigated the characteristics of decreased heart rate variability (HRV) in diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Twenty-one healthy control subjects, 17 diabetic patients without IHD, and 33 diabetic patients with IHD were studied. The diabetic patients with IHD were subdivided into 2 groups according to the severity of their IHD: severe or mild. HRV was evaluated in all subjects using the spectral variables of the all-frequency, low-frequency, high-frequency (AF, LF, HF) components and the LF/HF ratio were determined from Holter recordings. The AF and LF components in patients with diabetes only or diabetes and severe IHD were significantly lower than in control group, but the HF component was significantly lower only in the group of patients with diabetes and severe IHD. The LF/HF ratio did not differ significantly among the 4 groups, but was the lowest in diabetic patients without IHD. Patients with diabetes and mild IHD showed a slight decrease in HRV, but this was not significant. With regard to the circadian rhythm of HRV, the AF and LF components in patients with diabetes-only or diabetes and severe IHD were significantly decreased and showed the same pattern throughout the day. However, the HF component was decreased during more time zones in patients with diabetes and severe IHD, whereas the LF/HF ratio was lower during more time zones in the diabetes-only group. All spectral variables showed a tendency to be inversely related to the duration of diabetes in all diabetic patients. In particular, the LF/HF ratio showed a significant negative correlation. The HRV of diabetic patients was characterized by a decreased LF/HF ratio. It was concluded that, although HRV in diabetic patients with severe IHD was reduced mainly as a result of diabetic neuropathy, this was also partly due to a decline in parasympathetic tone as a result of myocardial injury.
Aged↗
Adult respiratory distress syndrome induced by a Chinese medicine, Kamisyoyo-san.
We report the first case of Kamisyoyo-san-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A 59-year-old female was given Kamisyoyo-san for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. She then presented with a respiratory illness having clinical, radiologic and functional characteristics of ARDS. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed an increased number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. The lymphocyte stimulation test with Kamisyoyo-san was positive.
Bupleurum↗
Cardiac angiosarcoma.
Angiosarcoma is one of the most common cardiac tumors, but early detection of this tumor is often difficult, as exemplified by our patient, a 55-year-old woman whose cardiac tumor was first detected by echocardiography. Surgical removal of the tumor was impossible due to its extensive pericardial invasion. Pathological diagnosis was not complete before autopsy because of the wide occupied necrotized area of the tumor. There is no diagnostic imaging technique available to detect such a necrotized area. An imaging technique more powerful than echocardiography and able to diagnose angiosarcoma earlier is needed.
Biopsy↗