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Biomedical subjects

H Mawhinney

Publications and source records attributed to H Mawhinney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Compliance in clinical trials of two nonbronchodilator, antiasthma medications.

An electronic monitoring device was used to assess patient compliance during clinical trials of two new aerosolized nonbronchodilator, antiasthma drugs. Compliance was poor, but similar, in both trials. Patients took the study drug as instructed on a mean of 37.3% days (range 10% to 77%) in one trial and 37.4% days (range 0% to 63%) in the other. Both underuse and overuse were observed. Underuse was seen on a mean of 38.9% days (range 9% to 81%) and 46.0% (range 15% to 80%) respectively; overuse on a mean of 23.5% days (range 6% to 54%) and 16.6% days (range 0% to 41%). In some patients ten or more activations of the device were recorded at the same time. In six patients such multiple simultaneous activations were recorded on two or more separate days. These patients were among the most noncompliant in the study. Multiple simultaneous activations frequently followed underuse days or preceded followup visits, suggesting the possibility of duplicity. Overall compliance was such that valid conclusions about efficacy of the drugs could only have been drawn in six of 34 patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation of Bordetella avium and related species by cellular fatty acid analysis.

The fatty acids of 18 strains of Bordetella avium, 3 strains of Alcaligenes faecalis, 5 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica, and 12 strains of a B. avium-like organism were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of a significant amount of the acid 2-OH C14:0 characterized B. avium and the B. avium-like organism. B. avium and the B. avium-like organism differed in their relative concentrations of C16:1 and 3-OH C14:0 acids. B. bronchiseptica and A. faecalis were distinguishable by comparison of the relative concentrations of C18:0 and C18:1 acids.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1986

Compliance of patients with asthma with an experimental aerosolized medication: implications for controlled clinical trials.

A Nebulizer Chronolog, a portable device that houses a standard nebulizer canister, was used in a unique method to measure compliance with aerosolized medication. Each actuation is tabulated to within 4 minutes of the actual time of usage and can subsequently be displayed in a day-hour-minute format. Of the 19 patients studied for 12 weeks with a cromolyn-like agent, appropriate usage four times a day ranged from 4.3% to 94.8%. Underusage exceeded overusage and ranged from 5.2% to 95% of the study days. Younger subjects and male subjects were less likely to use the aerosol appropriately. Patients failed to write the truth in their diaries with overreporting of appropriate usage more than 50% of the times. Lack of compliance with aerosolized medication represents an important medical issue for the physicians caring for patients with asthma. The Nebulizer Chronolog elicits new insight into the disparity between reported and observed compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Optimum management of asthma in pregnancy.

In pregnancy complicated by asthma, the greatest risk to the fetus is severe and uncontrolled bronchospasm resulting in hypoxia. For this reason, the priority in management of the pregnant asthmatic should be effective control of asthma symptoms with an appropriate amount of asthma medication to accomplish this goal. In general, the management of the pregnant asthmatic does not differ greatly from that of the non-pregnant asthmatic. Virtually none of the commonly used asthma medications are totally contraindicated in pregnancy if their use is justified by the severity of the asthma in pregnancy. These include optimising non-pharmacological means of controlling symptoms, using the smallest doses of antiasthma drugs necessary to control symptoms, basing the decision to use a drug on its benefit-to-risk ratio, avoiding recently introduced drugs (for which safety in pregnancy has not been adequately established), and using the inhaled route in preference to the oral route of administration. Ideally any changes in management should be made before the anticipated pregnancy. Well-controlled asthma appears to pose little risk to either the pregnant mother or the fetus and a favourable outcome of the pregnancy should be anticipated. The patient's justifiable anxiety can often be alleviated by ensuring that she fully understands the objectives of her management and participates in it.

Asthma↗
PubMed1975

The immunoglobulin class responses to oral poliovaccine in coeliac disease.

An indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the incidence and immunoglobulin class distribution of the serum antibody response to type II oral poliovaccine in patients with adult coeliac disease and matched control subjects. Nineteen out of thirty-eight (50%) patients with coeliac disease showed an antibody response compared with only seven out of thirty-eight (18%) control subjects. Poliovirus-specific IgA responses were observed in sixteen out of thirty-eight (42%) coeliac patients compared with seven out of thirty-eight (18%) control subjects, while poliovirus-specific IgG responses were observed in only ten out of thirty-eight (26%) coeliac patients and four out of thirty-eight (11%) control subjects. No poliovirus-specific IgM responses were observed. The pre-immunization poliovirus-specific IgA titres of those subjects who showed an antibody response were significantly higher in the coeliac group than in the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Anti-reticulin antibody in jejunal juice in coeliac disease.

Anti-reticulin antibody has been demonstrated in the jejunal juice of eight out of fourteen (57%) untreated coeliac patients, one out of twelve (8%) patients with normal jejunal biopsies and none of ten normal control subjects. The jejunal juice antibody was invariably of the IgA class. It is suggested that the presence of anti-reticulin antibody in the jejunal juice in coeliac disease supports the hypothesis that this antibody is secreted in response to reticulin antigens present in the diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

HL-A3 and HL-A7 in pernicious anaemia and autoimmune atrophic gastritis.

Increased frequencies of HL-A7 and the HL-A3,7 haplotype have been demonstrated in pernicious anaemia. There was no significant increase in any HL-A specificity in autoimmune atrophic gastritis. In the whole series of patients with either pernicious anaemia or atrophic gastritis there was a significant increase in the frequency of HL-A3. No association has been found between any HL-A specificity and an increased incidence of either serum gastric parietal cell or intrinsic factor antibody compared with the overall incidence in pernicious anaemia, atrophic gastritis or in the whole series.

Anemia, Pernicious↗