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H Meguro

Publications and source records attributed to H Meguro.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of norfloxacin in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for Norfloxacin].

Norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715), a new quinolone antibiotic agent, was evaluated clinically and bacteriologically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. A summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. Incidence of NFLX-resistant strains (MIC over 12.5 micrograms/ml) isolated from children with various infections was 1.6% (8/512). One resistant strain was observed among 45 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, and none among 30 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. After single oral administration of 1.5-2.9, 3.0-4.8 and 5.1-6.1 mg/kg NFLX in tablet form at fasting, mean peak values of serum concentration of 0.37, 0.56, 0.92 micrograms/ml, T1/2 of 2.5, 2.6, 2.6 hours and urinary recovery rates in 8 hours at 25.3, 25.3, 27.1% were observed, respectively. 3. Clinical effects were studied chiefly in intestinal and urinary tract infections. Among 317 patients from whom pathogens had been isolated, responses to the treatment were excellent in 187, good in 79, fair in 9, poor in 7, and unknown in 35 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 94.3% (266/282) and the efficacy rate for excellent responses was 70.3% (187/266). Among all the 406 patients treated, including those with undetermined pathogens, responses were excellent in 233, good in 106, fair in 11, poor in 11, and unknown in 45 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 93.9% (339/361). 4. Clinical effects of NFLX classified by diseases with identified pathogens were 81.8% (9/11) for acute pneumonia, 80.8% (21/26) for other respiratory infections, 95.8% (23/24) for bacillary dysentery, 98.6% (70/71) for Campylobacter enteritis, 100% (24/24) for Salmonella enteritis, 100% (6/6) for other acute enteritis and 98.1% (104/106) for urinary tract infections. Including other infections as high as 94.3% (266/282) of efficacy rate was obtained in total. There was no significant difference in NFLX efficacies between unidentified and identified pathogens. Thus, the total clinical efficacy rate was 93.9% (339/361). 5. The total eradication rate of 325 pathogens evaluable was 84.3%, with identical eradication rates for Gram-positive cocci (GPC) (43/51) and for Gram-negative rods (GNR) (231/274). 6. The optimal daily dose of NFLX seemed to be in a range between 6.0 and 12.0 mg/kg, and the optimal duration of treatment to be 7 days for children over 5 years old. 7. The clinical efficacy in treating P. aeruginosa infections in 12 patients was 100% (11/11) and the eradication rate was 83.3% (10/12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates and premature infants (the first report). Study on effectiveness and safety in mono-therapy with aztreonam. A study of aztreonam in the Perinatal Co-research Group].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical study of aztreonam (AZT) in neonates and premature infants were conducted with the following results: 1. Pharmacokinetics (1) Serum concentrations of AZT at 30 minutes after one-shot intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to neonates including premature infants were 20.6-26.6 micrograms/ml and 38.5-46.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, and decreased thereafter. A dose response was observed in the serum concentrations with administration of AZT 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. (2) Serum half-lives (T1/2) tended to be shorter in both mature and premature infants as their day-ages increased and T1/2 tended to be prolonged in premature infants compared with mature infants. (3) Changes in serum concentration upon one-hour intravenous drip infusion of AZT 20 mg/kg were very similar to those upon one-shot intravenous injection. (4) Urinary excretions in the first 6 hours after one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg tended to increase in mature infants as they grew and showed excretion rate of 26.2-54.3% but those in premature infants did not show any specific tendency with rate of 17.5-45.1%. Urinary excretions upon intravenous drip-infusion showed a tendency very similar to those upon intravenous injection. 2. Clinical studies (1) Clinically evaluable cases of AZT treatment were 88 cases (91 diseases), in which pathogenic organisms were identified in 56 cases (Group A), i.e., sepsis 9, purulent meningitis 2, pneumonia 8, urinary tract infection (UTI) 33 and others. Total efficacy rate was 98.2% including "excellent" (39), "good" (16) and "fair" (1). Number of cases in which pathogenic organisms were unknown (Group B) was 11, i.e., suspected sepsis (4), pneumonia (3) and intrauterine infection (4) and the efficacy rate was 100% with "excellent" (4) and "good" (7). Thus, both group A and B showed excellent results. AZT was also given to 24 cases for prophylaxis and all the cases showed prophylactic effect of AZT.4+ Bacteriologically AZT was deemed effective in 53 cases out of 56 (Group A) with identified pathogens "eradicated" and "unchanged" (2), thus the bacterial eradication rate was 96.2%. (3) A minor degree of loose feces was observed in 1 (1.3%) of 80 cases as a side effect. Abnormal laboratory test values found were eosinophilia (3 cases), elevation of GOT and GPT (2), platelet-increase (1), elevation of GOT (1), and thrombocytopenia.elevation of GOT.GPT.LDH (1). Every one of these was of a minor degree and transient. From the above pharmacokinetics and clinical results, standard dosage of AZT to neonates and premature infants should be in a unit dose of 20 mg/kg, twice daily to those with ages between 0 and 3 days, and 2 to 3 times daily to those with ages 4 days and above, by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates and premature infants (the second report). Study on effectiveness and safety in combination therapy using aztreonam and ampicillin. A study of aztreonam in the Perinatal Co-research Group].

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects were studied in a combination therapy with aztreonam (AZT) and ampicillin (ABPC) in neonates and premature infants. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics (1) Average serum concentrations at 30 minutes after one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 20 mg/kg and ABPC 25 mg/kg to a 4-7 days age-group of neonates were 41.3 (AZT) and 30.5 (ABPC) micrograms/ml, respectively. They gradually decreased to 14.7 and 2.7 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the administration, but the concentration of AZT was always higher than that of ABPC. (2) Serum half-lives (T1/2) in the 4-7 days age-group were 3.61 hours for AZT and 1.42 hours for ABPC, thus T1/2 of AZT was longer. However, T1/2 of AZT was scarcely affected in the concomitant administration of ABPC. (3) Urinary excretion of AZT in the concomitant administration to the 4-7 days age-group was 52.7%, which was the same or a little higher comparing to that in AZT alone administration. 2. Clinical studies (1) AZT and ABPC were concomitantly administered to 160 cases and 133 cases were evaluated for efficacy. Pathogenic organisms were identified in 29 cases (Group A) and the efficacy rate was 86.2% (25/29). The number of cases in which pathogenic organisms were not identified (Group B) was 50 and in this group, the efficacy rate was excellent, 94.0% (47/50). AZT and ABPC were concomitantly administered to 54 cases for prophylaxis and in all the cases the administrations showed prophylactic effect. (2) Bacterial changes were confirmed in 21 of the 29 cases in which pathogenic organisms were identified initially and all of these 21 cases showed bacterial eradication, i.e., the bacterial eradication rate in the treatment was 100%. (3) There were 2 cases in which side-effects were observed among the analyzed 152 cases (1.3%). The side effects found were 1 case each of diarrhea and eruption. Abnormal laboratory values were found in 23 cases (15.9%), i.e., eosinophilia (9 cases), platelet-increase (4), elevation of GOT (4), elevation of GOT and GPT (3) and others (3). From the above pharmacokinetics and clinical results, the combination therapy of AZT and ABPC is considered to be one of the useful empiric antibiotic-therapies when pathogenic organisms are unknown in the infections of neonates and premature infants.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of a new oral cephem, cefdinir, in children].

Cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 28 children. CFDN was effective in 100% of 22 evaluable cases with respiratory, middle ear, urinary or soft tissue infections. From the clinical response, adverse effects and the pharmacokinetic results, daily dose of 9-18 mg/kg, administered in 3 divided portions is suggested. Increase of dose will be associated with increase of gastrointestinal side effects. The data suggest that CFDN is safe and effective when used in children with infections caused by susceptible bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on aztreonam in neonates].

Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on aztreonam (AZT) were performed in neonates. The results are summarized as follows: A total of 6 cases consisting of 5 mature and 1 low-birth-weight infants was clinically evaluated. AZT 20 mg/kg was administered 2-3 times daily, via 1 hour intravenous drip infusion for 6-21 days. Concomitantly, vancomycin (VCM) 15 mg/kg was administered to 1 case 3 times daily, via 1 hour intravenous drip infusion for 3 days and ampicillin (ABPC) 20-50 mg/kg to 3 cases 3 time daily via 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion for 2-6 days. Of the 6 bacterial infection cases (1 with sepsis and purulent meningitis, 2 with sepsis, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with perirectal abscess), clinical effects of AZT were evaluated in 4 cases (2 each with sepsis and urinary tract infection) as "excellent" in all the cases. All of the causative organisms (Escherichia coli in 3 and Enterobacter cloacae in 1) were eradicated by the treatment with AZT. Neither clinical side effect nor abnormal laboratory test value caused by AZT was observed. MICs of AZT against 10 clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 1, E. coli 4, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1, E. cloacae 1, Haemophilus influenzae 1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2) from neonatal patients with bacterial infections were examined. As results, AZT showed very good antibacterial activity comparable or even superior to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, latamoxef; however, the activity against P. aeruginosa was inferior to imipenem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of norfloxacin in children].

Oral new quinolone, norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. 1. NFLX was effective in 88.0% of 25 cases infected with Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains, and other bacteria. 2. After single oral administration of 50 mg and 100 mg NFLX tablet at fasting, mean peak values of serum concentration were 0.35, 0.48 microgram/ml and T1/2 values were 2.2, 2.7 hours, respectively. 3. No adverse reactions suggestive for arthropathy were encountered with NFLX therapy with daily doses of 4.6-35.7 mg/kg (maximum 600 mg per day) and duration of 3 to 19 days. From these preliminary data, NFLX seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic in children].

A new oral macrolide, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 33 children. TE-031 was effective in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. The pharmacokinetic availability of TE-031 granule and tablets was much better than the older macrolides; serum half-lives of TE-031 averaged 3.2 +/- 0.25 hours (for the granule preparation). No clinical adverse reaction was encountered, but cases of transient mild elevation of the serum GPT (2 cases) and eosinophilia (2 cases) were encountered. From these preliminary data, TE-031 seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on clarithromycin in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Clarithromycin].

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic agent, was evaluated bacteriologically and clinically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. A summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. Absorption and excretion Pharmacokinetics of TE-031 was examined by single oral administration of 10% granules and 50 mg tablets at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between 10% granules and 50 mg tablets, and between administrations before and after meal. Peaks and half-life periods of blood level of TE-031 given once at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg (10% granules) before meal were 1.58, 4.37 and 3.79 micrograms/ml, and 2.53, 3.17 and 2.20 hours, respectively, and the urinary excretion in 6 hours after the administration were about 20-30%. 2. Antibacterial effects TE-031 was proved to have excellent antibacterial effect, i.e., inhibiting growth over 80% of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes at 0.10 micrograms/ml, Branhamella catarrhalis at 0.39 micrograms/ml, and Campylobacter jejuni at 0.78 micrograms/ml. Against Staphylococcus aureus, TE-031 showed very similar activity spectrum to EM, and EM resistant strains were also resistant to TE-031. 3. Clinical results A total of 764 cases was studied. Clinical effects of TE-031 were evaluated in 717 cases out of the 764, excluding drop-outs and cases which did not meet specified protocols. Clinically, efficacies of TE-031 were "excellent" in 265 cases and "good" in 161 cases out of 453 cases of Group A in which causal agents were identified, with an efficacy rate of 94.0%, and out of 264 cases of Group B in which pathogens were not detected, clinical effects of TE-031 were "excellent" in 115 cases and "good" in 124 cases, with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. In terms of clinical effects of TE-031 classified by diseases when Group A and B were combined, efficacy rates were 91.6% for upper respiratory tract infection (217/237), 90.0% for bacterial pneumonia (108/120), 97.4% for Mycoplasma pneumonia (111/114), 100% for Chlamydia pneumonia (4/4), 85.0% for pertussis (34/40), 100% for scarlet fever (16/16), 83.9% for skin and soft tissue infection (26/31), and 98.9% for Campylobacter enteritis (87/88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefodizime in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Cefodizime].

UNLABELLED: A multi-center open study was conducted to investigate cefodizime (CDZM), a newly developed cephem antibiotic, from pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical aspects, in the pediatric field with the participation of 17 institutions and their related facilities. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion: The pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients was investigated with a dose of 20 mg/kg, via a bolus intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion over 30 or 60 minutes. The results were nearly the same as those in adult patients. Mean serum concentrations 5 minutes after a bolus intravenous injections were: 105.5, 264.0 and 461.7 micrograms/ml with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and T 1/2 (beta)'s for the 3 dosages were 1.75, 1.92 and 1.88 hours, respectively. With 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean serum concentrations at the end of infusion were: 90.5 micrograms/ml with a dose level of 10 mg/kg, 178.3 micrograms/ml with 20 mg/kg, and 322.8 micrograms/ml with 40 mg/kg, and T 1/2 (beta)'s for these dosages were 1.90, 2.15 and 1.93 hours, respectively. With 60-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean serum concentrations at the end of infusion were: 66.3 micrograms/ml with a dose level of 10 mg/kg, 136.0 micrograms/ml with 20 mg/kg and 259.2 micrograms/ml with 40 mg/kg, and T 1/2 (beta)'s for these dosages were 1.43, 2.05 and 1.46 hours, respectively. In 8 hours after administration of CDZM, urinary excretion rates were 82.1, 77.7 and 76.5% for bolus intravenous injections of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and 83.3, 71.3 and 68.1% for 30-minute intravenous drip infusions of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, and 84.4 and 84.3% for 60-minute intravenous drip infusions of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. 2. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: Penetrations into cerebrospinal fluid in patients with purulent meningitis reached levels of 1.96-9.48 micrograms/ml with administration of CDZM at 50 mg/kg in acute cases within 6 days after onset. The penetration rates of CDZM were about a median range among injectable beta-lactam agents. 3. CLINICAL RESULTS: Of 457 cases treated with CDZM, 53 cases were excluded from the clinical evaluation. Clinical efficacies were evaluated as "excellent" in 126 and "good" in 78 out of 221 case from which causative agents were isolated, with an efficacy rate of 92.3%. Efficacies were "excellent" in 97 and "good" in 69 out of 183 cases from which pathogens were not isolated giving an efficacy rate of 90.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields].

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric infections].

Sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was administered to 33 pediatric inpatients with 34 bacterial infections. Clinical efficacies were judged to be good in 33 cases (97.1%) out of 34 which included 13 cases of 14 with infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains of organisms, and successfully cured by this drug. There were no particular side effects to comment except some cases of diarrhea and loose stool. These results indicated that SBT/ABPC would be useful in the treatment of pediatric infections as a first choice of drug. Serum half-lives of ABPC and SBT were 0.79 hour and 1.02 hours, respectively, hence, q.i.d. dosage regimen would be appropriate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and pharmacokinetic study on cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections].

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 children with various bacterial infections. The episodes of infections included pneumonia (6 cases), bronchopneumonia (11 cases), lung abscess (1 case), acute pharyngitis (2 cases), cervical lymphadenitis (1 case), infected cephalohematoma (1 case), urinary tract infection (1 case), sepsis (2 cases) and purulent meningitis (2 cases). CDZM was effective in all but one, and its efficacy rate was 96.3%. The main etiologic pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Branhamella catarrhalis. The elimination rate was 92.3%. As adverse reactions or abnormalities, diarrhea was encountered in 4 cases. A slight elevation of serum transaminases or eosinophils was observed in 4 cases. The serum half-life was approximately 1.8-1.9 hours in children after intravenous bolus injections. Concentrations of CDZM in cerebrospinal fluids were well above MIC values of CDZM against those organisms responsible for the infections. The data suggest that CDZM is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with bacterial infections including purulent meningitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of a new oral cephem, cefpodoxime proxetil in children].

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) was evaluated for its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics in children. CPDX-PR was effective in 93.6% of 47 cases with respiratory tract, middle ear, skin or urinary tract infections. Twice or 3 times daily administration of 3 mg/kg each was sufficient to treat streptococcal pharyngitis and Haemophilus influenzae infections. No severe adverse reaction was encountered in 52 cases treated with CPDX-PR. The serum half-life was approximately 2.17 +/- 0.24 hours after oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefteram pivoxil in the pediatric field].

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Fifty-three patients with bacterial infections were treated with 8.3 to 21.8 mg/kg/day of CFTM-PI. The drug was very effective (efficacy rate 98.1%) in pharyngitis, otitis media, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia and skin infections. The antibacterial potency was very good against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and was comparable with cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CFTM-PI therapy. The data suggest that CFTM-PI is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on susceptibility of isolated organisms from pediatric infections against various antimicrobial agents].

Twelve oral antimicrobial agents were tested for their antimicrobial activities against causative organisms isolated from pediatric infections. Activities of these antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pyogenes were also examined in relation to T-antigen typing of the species. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows. 1. Against Staphylococcus aureus, rokitamycin (RKM), josamycin, ofloxacin, minocycline exhibited strong antimicrobial activities, and few strains of S. aureus showed resistance to these antimicrobial agents. More strains exhibited resistance to erythromycin (EM) than to other macrolide antibiotics (MLs) examined. Amoxicillin (AMPC)-resistance was often observed also. 2. Against S. pyogenes, beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactams) and RKM had MIC80 of 0.20 microgram/ml or below, and no resistant strains of this organism were observed against these antibiotics. Only 2 resistant strains (2.0%) of S. pyogenes to MLs were detected, but resistance to tetracyclines (TCs) was observed at a high frequency, with 71.4% or more strains among T-4, T-6, T-12 and T-28 antigen types exhibited resistance to TCs. Among the 21 strains of T-12 antigen type examined, only one strain (4.8%) was found resistant to MLs. These observations suggested that the reduction in the frequency of ML-resistant strains was not due to the reduction in the number of T-12 antigen type strains but due to losses of resistance factors against MLs of plasmids. 3. Antibacterial activities of beta-lactams and MLs against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were good, similarly to activities against S. pyogenes. But many strains of S. pneumoniae were resistant to TCs. 4. New quinolone antimicrobial agents (quinolones) showed excellent activities against Branhamella catarrhalis strains with EM and RKM showing the next best activities. The number of resistant strains against quinolones, however, seemed to be on an increase. 5. Quinolones had strong antimicrobial activities against Haemophilus influenzae, few strains of which showed resistance to quinolones. AMPC had the next best activity, but approximately 10% of H. influenzae exhibited resistance to this antibiotic. 6. Against Campylobacter spp., quinolones and MLs showed the best activities with MIC80 values at or below 0.25 microgram/ml, and no resistant strains of the species against these antimicrobial agents were observed. Fosfomycin and TCs showed somewhat inferior activities to quinolones and MLs, with beta-lactams showing still lower activities. 7. Only few strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis were examined, but MLs and TCs appeared to be effective against these organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam against pediatric purulent meningitis].

A monotherapy of aztreonam (AZT) was applied to 9 male and 3 female pediatric patients of ages ranging from 2 months to 8 years and 11 months with serious purulent meningitis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Daily dosages of 134 to 400 mg/kg were given 3 to 4 times a day for 10 to 28 days. 2. The isolated pathogens were Neisseria meningitidis in 2 cases, Escherichia coli in 3 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 6 cases, but the pathogen of the last case was unknown. In this case, the patient had myelomeningocele and suffered from recurrent purulent meningitis. 3. Clinical effect was "excellent" in 5 of 12 cases, "good" in 7 cases and efficacy rate was 100%. Microbiological tests were performed on 9 cases during the course of treatment and bacterial elimination rate was 100%. All the pathogens were eliminated in 72 hours. 4. One case of diarrhea was observed, but the diarrhea started before the administration of AZT and was stopped after the AZT treatment. A slight elevation of GOT value was observed in 1 case but the value returned to the initial level promptly after the treatment was completed. It is considered that AZT is highly useful for purulent meningitis caused by Gram-negative pathogens such as H. influenzae, E. coli and N. meningitidis.

Age Factors↗