[Murine yersiniosis--a model of human yersinia enteritis?].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Menge
Publications and source records attributed to H Menge.
[Therapy of acute bacterial enteritis].
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Acute Disease↗
[Gastrointestinal disorders in psoriatic arthritis].
Systemic amyloidosis is a rare complication in psoriatic arthritis, 16 cases only were published until now. Our case report is characteristic of gastrointestinal symptoms like chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and intestinal pseudoobstruction. In addition, in this connection the first report of segmental pseudomembranous enteritis is given. Discussing the findings, observations and literature, the difference between psoriatic enteropathy, malabsorption in systemic amyloidosis and pseudomembranous enteritis in amyloidosis is shown. In this connection the basic different pathophysiological mechanisms are demonstrated.
Amyloidosis↗
[Intraoperative imaging of the small intestine for the endoscopic removal of small intestine polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome].
The hamartomas in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome lead to various complications that are frequently followed by small-bowel resections and the development of a short-bowel syndrome. In order to prevent such complications an intraoperative endoscopic exploration of the entire small bowel with multiple polypectomies of hamartomas was carried out. Although a further growth of presently unrecognisable hamartomas is possible, such a procedure permits total polypectomy in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and complications are thus put off to a later time.
Adult↗
[Bacterial colonization of the rat jejunum in long-term nutrition with an elemental diet].
Elemental diets and peptide diets are increasingly used in the treatment of enteral diseases and as alternatives to parenteral nutrition. Though multiple influences of these diets on the small intestinal bacteria seem possible no long-term studies were hitherto carried out to clarify their actions on the intestinal flora. Therefore, the jejunal flora was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in a group of rats fed an elemental diet over a period of 60 days and a control group receiving standard pellet food. In both sets of animals similar numbers of colony forming bacteria/ml jejunal juice of the aerobic and anaerobic growing flora were observed. In parallel, the individual genera did not exhibit significant differences in control and experimental animals. According to these findings long-term feeding of a peptide diet to rats does not influence the small intestinal flora.
Animals↗
[Significance of deficient bacterial colonization in the pathogenesis of mucosal lesions in experimental blind loop syndrome].
A complete evaluation of the bacterial flora in jejunal self-filling blind loops was performed. The results show a significant increase in bacteria of the genera E. coli, Streptococcus and Bacteroides. In further experiments, jejunal self-filling blind loops were created in germ-free animals. In spite of the germ-free state the mucosa displayed marked hyperplasia. The same was true when the blind loops had been contaminated with aerobic bacteria. These results demonstrate that other factors in addition to bacterial overgrowth contribute to the mucosal damage observed in self-filling blind loops.
Animals↗
[Quantitative and qualitative determination of the bacterial colonization of the rat jejunum following long-term feeding with an elemental diet].
Elemental diets are increasingly used in the treatment of enteral diseases, but only limited studies have been hitherto carried out to clarify their actions on the intestinal flora. Therefore, the jejunal flora was assessed in rats fed an elemental diet or standard pellet food over a period of 60 days. In both sets of animals similar numbers of colony-forming bacteria per ml intestinal content of the aerobic and anaerobic flora were found. In addition, the individual genera did not exhibit significant differences in control and experimental animals. Thus, long-term feeding with an elemental diet does not influence the jejunal flora of rats.
Animals↗
[Specific gastrointestinal manifestations of a generalized cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome].
In a patient with AIDS, severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection dominated with gastro-intestinal and retinal involvement. The gastro-intestinal signs--diarrhoea and recurrent vomiting--correlated with the destruction of the tunica muscularis of the digestive tract seen at post-mortem. The CMV retinitis caused an almost complete loss of sight, the consequence of extensive destruction of the retina. In addition to the generalized CMV infection and disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma, which also involved the gastro-intestinal tract and caused discrete histopathological changes, post-mortem examination revealed a malignant lymphoma of the brain.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Lack of adaptive changes in human pancreatic amylase and lipase secretion in response to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet applied by a 10-day continuous intraduodenal infusion.
In order to investigate whether the human exocrine pancreas is capable of adapting to a diet with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, and normal protein content, 10 healthy subjects were given a continuous intraduodenal infusion of such a dietary composition (8760 kJ in 2400 ml/day) via a portable infusion pump over a period of 10 days. The diet consisted of 76% of calories as carbohydrates (80% oligosaccharides, 20% mono- and disaccharides), 10% as fat (more than 90% C18 fatty acids) and 14% as protein (oligo- and polypeptides; 11.8 g nitrogen per day). A complete pancreozymin-secretin test was carried out before and after the experimental period. The results show that the above dietary regimen leads to a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the stimulated secretion rates of trypsin and chymotrypsin, whereas, in contrast to the findings in animal experiments, no change could be measured in the secretion rates of amylase and lipase.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Early ultrastructural adaptive changes of ileal enterocytes after proximal small bowel resection as determined morphometrically.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in terms of quantitative measurements whether the well-known histomorphological and functional adaptive changes in the intestinal mucosa after small bowel resection are accompanied by alterations on the ultrastructural level. Therefore, samples of the ileal remnants after a 60% proximal resection were processed for ultrastructural evaluation and analyzed employing point counting planimetry and direct measurements. Microvillus surface area increased from the bottom of the crypts to the villus tips in both resected and sham-operated animals. This increase in microvillus surface area from the crypt to the villus was significantly less pronounced after proximal resection, while there were no changes in the crypt compartment. No significant differences of the relative areas of the nuclei, mitochondria, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed when comparing the different positions along the villus crypt axis in normal and hyperplastic mucosa. In agreement with functional and enzyme histochemical results, these ultrastructural findings provide further evidence for an altered pattern of enterocyte maturation after proximal resection, which is most probably due to an increase in the migration rate of the enterocytes.
Animals↗
[Qualitative and quantitative detection of bacterial flora in experimental blind loop syndrome of the rat].
In the blind loop syndrome bacterial overgrowth--accompanied by an increase in bile acid deconjugation--is thought to be responsible for the observed morphological alterations of the small intestinal mucosa with its concomitant malabsorption syndrome. Since in this chain of events the bacterial overgrowth is of primary importance, we have performed a complete qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the intraluminal flora in rats with surgically created self-filling blind loops. The results show a significant increase in bacteria of the aerobic growing genera E. coli and Streptococcus (Enterococcus), and of the anaerobic growing genus Bacteroides, in one single rat also of the genera Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium. In order to elucidate which strains of bacteria are predominantly responsible for the morphological and functional alterations observed in the stagnant loop syndrome, germ-free rats with self-filling blind loops should be contaminated selectively with bacteria of these genera.
Animals↗
[Tolerance of intraduodenal tube feeding. Prospective studies of the tolerance of a 10-day, continuous intraduodenal administration of a peptide diet and its effects on various serum parameters in healthy subjects].
Filiform nasoduodenal nutrition tubes in connection with portable infusion pumps are now available and by this way continuous enteral nutrition is given to a certain number of patients, thus avoiding expensive parenteral nutrition which demands a great deal of nursing care and bears a greater risk of complications. In order to study the acceptance and effects of this nutrition, 10 healthy persons were fed by the new system with a fiber-free, low molecular peptide diet. The probands had to write a daily protocol and, at the end of the test, had to answer a questionnaire regarding the effectivity and social consequences of the system and their subjective sensations. Before and after the enteral nutrition phase, different serum parameters were also determined. The results show that a continuous intraduodenal nutrition by tube can be achieved outside the clinic allowing to exercise the profession. The general well-being of the probands was moderately disturbed only by the tube whereas the other points from the questionnaire were less disturbing. Regarding the serum parameters only a reduction in the serum potassium was remarkable.
Adolescent↗
The adaptive response of disaccharidase activities at different sites along the villus epithelium after proximal intestinal resection in the rat. A microdensitometric study of enzyme kinetics.
The "in situ" kinetic constants (app. Km and Vmax) of brush border neutral alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and lactase/beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were determined 4,6 (only alpha-glucosidase), and 12 days after 60% proximal intestinal resection in rat ileum at the villus base and the transition zone between middle and upper villus third by use of a quantitative biochemical analysis of enzymes in tissue sections (section biochemistry). Sham-operated rats served as controls, and the kinetic data (means per rat, time and villus position) were compared (n = 4 animals in each experimental group) first by an overall factorial analysis of variance and thereafter in detail using nonparametric test procedures. Both enzyme activities exhibited a differential response: No changes of lactase/beta-glucosidase kinetics, but a significant decrease in both Vmax- and Km-values of neutral alpha-glucosidase, which was already fully expressed on day 4 after resection and confined to the apical villus region still implying a basoapical increase of Vmax and thus maintaining the normal activity gradient on a lower level. In conclusion, a complex pattern of enzymatic adaptation to proximal intestinal resection ensues in the hyperplastic ileal mucosa which cannot be explained simply in terms of the hypothesis of cellular immaturity.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Cellular adaptation of amino acid transport following intestinal resection in the rat.
1. The ability of rat ileal enterocytes to take up alanine and lysine before and after proximal resection of the small intestine has been assessed using both autoradiographic and dual-isotope methods of analysis. 2. The length of individual villi was approximately doubled after resection. Alanine uptake measured in the presence or absence of Na, represented per cm2 mucosal surface area, decreased following intestinal resection. 3. Alanine and lysine uptake were confined to villus tip enterocytes in both control and ileal remnants. The net effect of intestinal resection was to increase amino acid uptake calculated per individual villus or per unit length of intestine. 4. Adaptational changes occurring as a result of resection included a shortening of the time needed for enterocytes to reach the stage where they first began to absorb amino acids and a doubling of the rate at which absorption increased during the later stages of enterocyte differentiation. 5. It is suggested that the physiological response to intestinal resection can best be appreciated by studying events taking place within individual enterocytes. The way in which adaptational changes become organized within the mucosa remains to be elucidated.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Functional and structural studies of ileal reservoirs used for continent urostomy and ileostomy.
The structure and function of the mucosa has been studied in continent ileostomy and urostomy reservoirs, the latter being a receptacle for diverted urine constructed out of ileal tissue. Morphometric evaluation was performed by a microdissection technique and functional studies involved the assessment of L-phenylalanine absorption by the whole pouch in vivo and the uptake of the same amino acid by biopsy samples in vitro. Endoscopic examination revealed fairly homogeneous villous structure in the ileostomy reservoirs. In the urostomies, there was a gradual appearance, as a function of the postoperative time interval, of areas of flat mucosa intermingled with villous regions. When possible, biopsies of the two types of mucosa were studied separately. Even in the villous regions of the urostomies, the size of the villi was smaller in all dimensions than the villi of ileostomy samples. The uptake of phenylalanine in vitro, however, was the same in villous samples from urostomies and in ileostomy biopsies. The absorption of phenylalanine in vivo by the whole pouch was lower in the urostomies. There was a good correlation between amino acid absorption in vivo and in vitro in the ileostomies, but not in the urostomies. This is attributed principally to the variable proportions of avillar and villous mucosa in the latter material, as there is a clear reduction in absorption in vivo in the longest established urostomy pouches.
Adult↗
[Drugs in the therapy of diseases of the small intestine].
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Function and structure of long-term ileal reservoirs in rats.
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Adaptation, Physiological↗
Three-dimensional structure and cell kinetics at different sites of rat intestinal remnants during the early adaptive response to resection.
In this study the early phase of the morphological adaptation of rat ileum after a proximal resection of 60% has been studied using microdissection and cell labelling techniques. Resected rats and sham-operated controls were killed 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 days after surgery. Intraperitoneal injections of 3H-thymidine were carried out 24 or 12 h prior to sacrifice. In the latter groups mitotic arrest was achieved by vincristine. A stereo-microscope was used to measure and calculate the following parameters: intestinal diameter; villus: height, width, breadth at base and apex, surface, enterocytes per 100 micrometers length, cell pool, number of villi and absorptive surface per mm2 serosal area; crypt: length, enteroblasts per 100 micrometers length and per column, cell columns and mitoses per crypt, cell pool, crypts, and mitoses per unit serosal area; cell kinetics: migration rate, villus transit time. To test the influence of treatments, postoperative time course and the location of the intestinal segment and their possible interactions, factorial analyses of variance were carried out on the parameters investigated. The main findings, demonstrated for the first time, were: 1. An increase in the villus surface which was achieved by proportional enlargement of villus geometry; 2. This increase in the villus surface led to an enlarged absorptive surface per unit serosal area; 3. A reduction of villus transit time of the individual enterocyte; 4. A most pronounced magnitude of adaptative response in the proximal remnants which was gradually diminished in aboral direction, and 5. A sequential course of adaptative response of the various crypt parameters investigated.
Animals↗