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Biomedical subjects

H Messner

Publications and source records attributed to H Messner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Experience with Ommaya reservoir in 120 consecutive patients with meningeal malignancy.

The Ommaya Reservoir plays an important role in a select group of neuro-oncology patients with meningeal malignancy. The benefits derived must be balanced against potential complications associated with insertion and use of the apparatus. Side effects may be minimized by careful attention to patient selection, pre-operative CAT scan (or MRI), precise surgical technique, perioperative prophylactic antibiotics and meticulous procedure during use of the reservoir.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The maintenance of busulphan-induced remissions in chronic granulocytic leukaemia with recombinant interferon alpha-2b.

Interferon (IFN) shows no specificity in inhibiting the growth of colonies of myeloid leukaemia blasts in culture as compared to normal haemopoietic precursors, but does reduce the self-renewal capacity of myeloblasts. We have tested the ability of IFN to slow the leukocyte doubling time (Ldt) and to prolong remissions induced by busulphan in 14 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). Patients served as their own controls; the Ldt during relapse from a busulphan-induced remission on no therapy was determined and compared with the Ldt on IFN maintenance therapy. The initial dose of IFN (2 x 10(6) U M-2 subcutaneously, three times per week) was adjusted up, or down, to prevent the leukocyte count from rising and the platelet count from falling below 75 x 10(9) l-1. The dose of IFN required to prevent relapse in seven patients ranged from 1 x 10(6) U M-2 three times per week to 5.2 x 10(6) U M-2 daily, with a median of 2 x 10(6) U M-2 three times per week. IFN maintenance therapy has prevented relapse in six patients for more than 22 months to more than 68 months. In five patients the Ldt was slowed initially but the disease later progressed in four patients to enter the accelerated (three patients) or blast phase (one patient). The Ldt during IFN therapy did not change from the Ldt on no therapy in one patient; this patient later progressed to the blast phase. In two additional patients the leukaemia progressed during the first course of IFN, with shortening of the Ldt; both of these patients entered the blast phase. In the four patients who have discontinued IFN following relapse in the chronic phase, the Ldt remained prolonged for at least one relapse after the IFN was stopped. IFN maintenance therapy failed to control the leukocyte count in the six patients with a control Ldt of less than 40 days and five of these have progressed to enter the accelerated or blast phase. The early survival of this group of patients resembles the survival of 'good risk' CGL patients reported by others. We conclude that IFN maintenance therapy does alter the relapse pattern of a subset of CGL patients, either slowing the Ldt or preventing relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic intermittent duodenal obstruction in childhood].

Chronic intermittent duodenal obstruction caused by stenosis of the distal duodenum is a rare disease. Tight fixation of the ligament of Treitz, compression due to mesenteric lymphomatas or abnormal attachment of the mesocolon can cause intermittent impairment of intestinal passage. It will be necessary to differentiate this against genuine arterio-mesenteric duodenal obstruction as well as nerve motility disorders. History in the appropriate cases reports on postprandial episodes of regurgitation, sensation of fullness, nausea, vomiting and paroxysmal upper abdominal colicky pain. Radiograms always reveal gastroptosis and a varying degree of duodenal obstruction, usually with retroperistalsis. The passage is markedly delayed, with an impairment sometimes at the site of the duodenojejunal flexure. Therapy is always surgical. 8 own cases were cured by leftsided duodenal mobilisation according to Clairmont with additional caudad positioning and fixation of the duodenojejunal flexure.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. An immunopathologic process?

Recent literature suggests that CMV pneumonia is an immunopathologic process. This case report summarizes the clinical course of a patient which supports this hypothesis. The patient is the recipient of an allogeneic BMT who recovered from an episode of CMV pneumonia that occurred about two months after the transplant. Despite recovery from the viral infection, follow-up BALs revealed persistent lymphocytosis in an apparent asymptomatic patient. He subsequently developed BOOP about four months after the initial CMV infection. These observations suggest that the viral infection may have resulted in the activation of the host's cell-mediated response and provides evidence to support the hypothesis that CMV pneumonia is an immune-mediated process.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.

Magnetic resonance provides a non-invasive tool for monitoring normal and leukemic bone marrow. Measurements of the T1 relaxation times are elevated in acute myelogenous leukemia. However, interpatient variability diminishes the usefulness of MR measurements for diagnosing leukemia. In following the time course of individual patients, T1 relaxation time measurements appear to give an early and sensitive indication of leukemic relapse after remission and this may serve a clinical role in the management of leukemia by reducing the regularity of necessary marrow aspirates and biopsies.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Anticonvulsant-induced marrow suppression and immune thrombocytopenia.

Phenytoin and carbamazepine are rarely associated with serious hematologic side effects but can include impairment of either humoral or cell-mediated immunity. We describe a patient who developed severe granulocytopenia while taking phenytoin. The phenytoin was replaced by carbamazepine and the patient subsequently developed erythroid hypoplasia, neutropenia and persistent thrombocytopenia. In vitro studies demonstrated a phenytoin-dependent antigranulocyte antibody directly implicating phenytoin in the leukopenia. An extremely high titre of platelet-associated IgG was found which was independent of the presence of carbamazepine. Autoantibodies directed against the patient's red cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes were also demonstrated. In vitro marrow culture studies failed to detect cellular or humoral inhibitors and were suggestive of a stem cell defect. These studies indicate that anticonvulsant therapy can result in sustained humoral abnormalities as well as in nonimmune mediated marrow suppression.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1988

Surface antigenic profile and globin phenotype of two new human erythroleukemia lines: characterization and interpretations.

Detailed characterization of the composite phenotype of two newly established erythroleukemia lines (OCIM1, OCIM2) shows that these lines share many of their erythroid markers (ie, surface antigens and globin program) as well as several of their nonerythroid properties (myeloid/monocytic/megakaryocytic) with the two known erythroleukemia lines (K562, HEL). In addition, each displays novel and instructive features. We argue that the surface and globin phenotype of all erythroleukemia lines is nonrandom and that it may be of physiologic relevance; it could represent the most prevalent phenotype of cells transformed by leukemia in vivo, and it raises the possibility that cells with similar potentials exist transiently during normal hematopoietic differentiation before their irreversible commitment to a single lineage. As such, these cells demonstrate a greater phenotypic adaptability in vitro than do their single lineage-committed counterparts since they can differentiate toward more than one lineage.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1987

Idiopathic small airways pathology in patients with graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

In a retrospective analysis (July 1979 to March 1984) of 120 allogeneic adult bone marrow transplant recipients, we identified seven patients with small-airway disease for whom no microbiologic agent was detected. Six had pulmonary function studies demonstrating air flow obstruction. Five of the seven patients had an open-lung biopsy showing pathologic changes within small airways; these varied from early bronchiolar wall damage to bronchiolitis obliterans. The inflammatory cell infiltrate was peribronchiolar, and consisted of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes in varying proportions. Three of the seven patients recovered following increased immunosuppressive therapy; the other four died. Because all seven patients had acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, in the absence of any identifiable pathogen, we postulate that small-airway damage represents one of the facets of graft-versus host-disease. An additional analysis of 26 patients with respiratory symptomatology and available histologic material supports the hypothesis that small-airway disease in bone marrow transplant patients represents a risk factor for the subsequent development of respiratory opportunistic infections.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1987

Autoantibody analysis of patients with graft versus host disease.

The sera of 26 patients with graft versus host disease (GVHD) were analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies. Because the clinical spectrum of GVHD resembles some of the systemic collagen vascular diseases, particular attention was given to antinuclear antibodies and autoantibodies directed against saline soluble cellular antigens. 39% (10/26) of the patients had a positive ANA at a titer of greater than or equal to 1/80. Antibodies to double-stranded DNA were demonstrated in 4 sera (15%), to smooth muscle in 9 (41%) and to nucleoli in 6 (22%). Three sera had precipitating antibodies to saline extracts of rabbit thymus and/or bovine spleen. None of these precipitins showed lines of identity with known autoantibody systems. High titers of ANA were correlated with a previous diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple autoantibodies correlated with the severity of GVHD.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1986

Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia in small-cell lung cancer. Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

The bone marrow of 11 patients with small-cell lung cancer, who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One patient, after a prodrome of anemia and thrombocytopenia, developed acute leukemia 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months before frank leukemia developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four patients who remain alive and disease free. In one of these patients marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other patients showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All patients showed some degree of aneuploidy on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no clonal abnormality was detected in any patient. Follow-up for the development of secondary acute leukemia and other long-term complications continues in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Heterogeneity of human peripheral blood eosinophil-type colonies: evidence for a common basophil-eosinophil progenitor.

We have recently shown that a proportion of previously designated human eosinophil "(Eo)-type" colonies in methylcellulose contain basophils and histamine (Denburg et al Blood 61:775, 1983). In the present studies, individual Eo-type colonies have been analyzed by cell morphology as well as by biochemical assays for histamine, Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (CLC), and eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Clonal origin of single Eo-type colonies was confirmed by G6PD isoenzyme analysis. Morphological observations of such colonies revealed the existence of two distinct colony types: (1) Eo type containing 100% basophils and (2) Eo type containing mixtures of basophils and eosinophils, including cells with mixed basophil-eosinophil granulation. Histamine was not detected in pure, mature peripheral blood eosinophils. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated bright staining for CLC and MBP in 95% +/- 3% of cells in Eo-type colonies but only in 5% +/- 4% of cells in GM-type colonies. Radioimmunoassay for MBP was positive in 5/9 Eo-type and 0/10 neutrophil-macrophage ("GM-type") colonies, with a mean level (nanogram/colony) of 11.6 +/- 4.2 per Eo-type colony; four of the latter colonies were doubly positive for both histamine and MBP. These and previous findings point out the morphological and biochemical heterogeneity of peripheral blood Eo-type colonies and provide direct evidence for the existence of a common, circulating basophil-eosinophil progenitor.

Basophils↗
PubMed1985

Molecularly cloned and expressed murine T-cell gene product is biologically similar to interleukin-3.

Clonal lines of mouse inducer ly1+ly2- inducer T-lymphocytes that depend for growth upon interleukin-2 have been demonstrated to produce a factor that stimulates colony formation by bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CFUc) progenitor cells and replication of factor-dependent mast cell/basophil and multipotential hematopoietic cell lines in vitro. The molecularly cloned and expressed gene product for this growth factor demonstrates the following activities in vitro: using fresh bone marrow or purified subpopulations of nonadherent cells from murine continuous bone marrow cultures as target cells: stimulation of colony formation by GM-CFUc, mast cell progenitor cells, multipotential granulocyte/erythroid/megakaryocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) colonies, erythroid progenitor cells forming macroscopic bursts (BFUe), and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-mega). The gene product also supports growth of previously reported mast cell growth-factor-dependent cell lines and several classes of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines that are multipotential (neutrophil/basophil/eosinophil or neutrophil/basophil/erythroid); or committed to granulocyte-macrophage, or mast cell/basophil differentiation. The gene product does not detectably support replication of IL-2-dependent murine T-cell lines. The biologic activity of the gene product was inhibited greater than or equal to 90% by rabbit antisera prepared against purified interleukin-3. The data indicate that this T-cell derived lymphokine gene product is biologically very similar to interleukin-3.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clonal origin of human basophil/mast cells from circulating multipotent hemopoietic progenitors.

The origin of the human basophil/mast cell lineage from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell has been surmised but never demonstrated. By examining individual hemopoietic colonies in methylcellulose under inverted microscopy and using histochemical stains in conjunction with single-colony histamine assays, we have previously identified basophil/mast cell progenitors in human peripheral blood. We now report that a large proportion of normal human peripheral blood mixed granuloerythropoietic (GEMM) colonies contain histamine, in contrast to a significantly lower frequency of histamine positivity among normal neutrophil-macrophage, eosinophil, erythroid, macrophage, or megakaryocyte colonies. Morphological observations confirmed the presence of basophil/mast cells in the majority of GEMM colonies. In our work, the clonal derivation of basophils/mast cells from circulating multipotent (CFU-GEMM) hemopoietic stem cells was formally demonstrated, using combined histamine and G6PD isoenzyme analysis of single colonies grown in methylcellulose from a normal G6PD heterozygote.

Basophils↗
PubMed1984

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Possible origin from a mediastinal germ cell tumor.

The case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia developing shortly after the diagnosis and treatment of a mediastinal germ cell tumor, is reported. The close temporal relationship of these two rare diseases and the presence of a population of mononuclear cells with features of lymphoblasts in the resected germ cell tumor, suggest that the leukemic process originated from the mediastinal tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Production of colony-stimulating factor(s) for granulocyte-macrophage and multipotential (granulocyte/erythroid/megakaryocyte/macrophage) hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) by clonal lines of human IL-2-dependent T-lymphocytes.

Human T-lymphocyte lines that were selected for recognition of HLA-DR6 antigen and were dependent for growth in vitro on an added source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were derived from the peripheral blood of normal individuals. Each was tested for production of a lymphokine(s) with properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using as target cells nonadherent cells from human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) or fresh marrow. Each of eight T-lymphocyte lines that were OKT3, OKT4, and HLA-DR positive produced GM-CSF that stimulated colony formation by both LTBMC cells and fresh marrow. Individually examined single-cell-derived bone marrow colonies growing in T-cell GM-CSF contained peroxidase-positive neutrophils, and macrophage-monocytes (GM-CFUc). Supernatant from a single-cell-derived T-cell clonal line designated F1 stimulated formation of granulocyte-macrophage colonies, megakaryocyte colonies, macroscopic erythroid bursts, and multipotential colonies containing erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes, and monocyte-macrophages (CFU-GEMM) in the presence of added erythropoietin. These data indicate that human IL-2-responsive T-lymphocytes produce lymphokine(s) that stimulate proliferation of primitive as well as committed hematopoietic stem cells, and implicate human T-lymphocytes in regulation of human multipotential hematopoietic stem cells in vivo.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1981

[Treatment of Wilms' tumor (author's transl)].

Uniform treatment based on the therapeutic approach of the 1st and 2nd US National Wilms' Tumor Study was decided on in March 1976 by paediatricians, surgeons, urologists and radiotherapists in Austria. Wilms' tumour was diagnosed in 34 children between 1 january 1976 an 29 february 1980 (stage I: n = 11, stage II: n = 8, stage III: n = 8, stage IV: n = 7). Parents of two children refused treatments; both children have since died of metastases. Of the remaining 32 children 29 (90.6%) are alive, 10 for more than 4, 15 for more than 3 and 19 for more than 2 years after diagnosis. 21 children are without need of treatment. Three children have died, one due to postoperative complications, one due to haemorrhagic chickenpox, but free of tumour, and one after insufficient treatment. Two of the five children with a recurrence between 2 1/4 to 15 months after diagnosis had been treated inadequately in the initial phase. The tumour free survival rate in 74.2%. Two children with early occurring or recurrent lung metastases have survived for 53 1/2 and 54 months up to now.

Age Factors↗