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Biomedical subjects

H Mirchamsy

Publications and source records attributed to H Mirchamsy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Adjuvanticity of pGPL-Mc and LRS in the immune responses of monkeys to oral immunization with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Experiments were carried out to examine the adjuvanticity of polar glycopeptidolipids of Mycobacterium chelonae (pGPL-Mc) or the London rocket seed (LRS) when combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in an oral immunization of the African green monkey. The results showed that none of the monkeys receiving diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with 25 mg/kg of pGPL-Mc showed an increase in the the level of diphtheria antitoxin (DA) on the third and sixth weeks following the first and the second immunizations. One monkey from this group responded with increased seroneutralizing antibodies 3 weeks after the third feeding. On the other hand, one monkey, 3 weeks after the first immunization, and three monkeys, 3 weeks after the second and third oral vaccinations, showed an increase in specific anti-diphtheria antibody responses when the toxoids were combined with 25 mg/kg of LRS. The anti-diphtheria antitoxin responses of monkeys receiving diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with 50 mg/kg of pGPL-Mc or 50 mg/kg of LRS were significantly enhanced compared to the groups administered 25 mg/kg of the two adjuvants. The increase was observed in four out of five pGPL-Mc administered and in three out of five LRS-receiving monkeys. The results show that pGPL-Mc induced the highest titres of anti-diphtheria antitoxin compared to LRS, whereas the level of anti-diphtheria antitoxin titre of the two monkeys receiving the toxoids alone was less than 0.1 i.u./ml of serum throughout the experiment. According to the statistical analyses, no significant differences were recorded between the diphtheria antitoxin responses of monkeys following the first, second or third administration of LRS-adjuvated diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. However, a significant difference (P < or = 0.05) was observed in the diphtheria antitoxin response between the first and the second immunization of monkeys administered with toxoids adjuvated with 50 mg/kg of pGPL-Mc. The tetanus antitoxin responses of all monkeys were less than 0.1 i.u. of antitoxin per millilitre of serum throughout the study, which is considered not to be protective. However, we have recorded an anti-tetanus antitoxin titre of more than 0.2 i.u./ml of serum in one monkey that received diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with 50 mg/kg of pGPL-Mc.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Stimulating role of toxoids-laden liposomes in oral immunization against diphtheria and tetanus infections.

Liposomes have been produced by injecting an ether solution of a mixture of lecithin and cholesterol into a diluted solution of prewarmed diphtheria and tetanus toxoids followed by elimination of the stream of ether vapour by vacuum. In a preliminary study, adjuvant effects of liposomes on the systemic and mucosal immune response have been studied. When a mixture of diphtheria toxoid (DT) and tetanus toxoid (TT) entrapped in liposomes were administered parenterally or orally in rabbit, a significant rise of specific antibodies against both toxoids was noticed. In monkeys receiving a mixture of DT and TT entrapped in liposomes orally, the antibody response after two and three ingestions of this product was mild but when liposomes containing toxoids were adsorbed with aluminium hydroxide in a similar experiment, a significant rise in the specific antibody response in monkey against both toxoids was recorded. Adult volunteers, similarly receiving a mixture of DT and TT, entrapped in liposomes and adsorbed with aluminium hydroxide have shown a significant rise in specific circulating antitoxins. In order to compare the efficacy of this technique of human oral immunization with the previous method, whereby a plant medicinal seed (LRS) was used as adjuvant in oral immunization of man, a second group of volunteers were simultaneously and similarly treated as suggested previously. The comparative results are discussed in the present report.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Oral immunization against diphtheria and tetanus infections by fluid diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Purified diphtheria toxoid incorporated in egg yolk and mixed with a medicinal plant seed was used to orally immunize rabbits against diphtheria infection. Animals were partially immunized against a lethal diphtheria toxin challenge. The immunity was complete when gastric enzyme juices were inhibited before oral vaccination by aprotinin, a natural protease inhibitor. Rabbits and monkeys were orally immunized against both diphtheria and tetanus in the same way by pre-treatment with aprotinin. Adult volunteers receiving protease inhibitor before administration of oral toxoids have shown a significant rise in specific circulating antitoxins.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Development of a new live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in human diploid cells.

A new live attenuated mumps vaccine was developed in human diploid cells. The S-12 virus was isolated from a 10-year-old girl showing typical symptoms of mumps infection, the diagnosis was confirmed by a pediatrician. The virus was isolated in green monkey kidney cells, without passage in chick embryo cavity or chick embryo fibroblasts. Attenuation of the wild virus was performed by serial passages in human diploid cells (MRC-5). The attenuated virus was characterized by identity tests, as well as by a reduction in plaque size, as marker tests. The virus was free from adventitious agents and safe for laboratory animals as well as for monkeys. The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the S-12 virus for man was investigated by administration of a monovalent vaccine to 20 seronegative adult male volunteers and 30 children aged 1 to 5 years without history of mumps infection or vaccination. Seroconversion was obtained in 95% of the vaccinees. The new vaccine has the advantage of not requiring specific pathogen-free eggs, and being free from avian proteins and therefore can be used in sensitized patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparative evaluation of two combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccines based on AIK and Edmonston- Zagreb strains of measles virus.

In a previous paper, we have noticed the effectiveness of two further attenuated measles vaccines, i.e. AIK-HDC and Edmonston- Zagreb- HDC. In the present study the same strains are comparatively used for immunization of a limited number of children under 9 months of age. A seroconversion of 100% was observed. Following reimmunization, a significant increase of circulating antibodies for both strains was recorded. Two combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines were also produced by using the same measles strains. The seroconversion following utilisation of MMR prophylactics in susceptible children was 98.8 and 97.3 for AIK and Edmonston- Zagreb strains respectively.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of live attenuated measles vaccines prepared in human diploid cells for reimmunization.

Two live attenuated measles vaccines developed in baby calf kidney cells, a similar vaccine produced in chick embryo chorioallantoic cells and five vaccines prepared from human diploid cells (HDC) have been studied by subcutaneous injection in groups of susceptible and immune children in three field trials. The results indicated that the vaccine developed in chick embryo cells which caused mild clinical reactions, had induced a lower seroprotection rate in susceptible children and only a low rise in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre in previously immunized children. The serological responses induced by vaccines developed in HDC or in calf kidney cells were satisfactory in both susceptible and immune children. The superiority of HDC grown measles vaccine for revaccination is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and characterization of a defective measles virus from brain biopsies of three patients in Iran with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Three cytopathic strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus were isolated from brain biopsies of three patients. These strains were isolated and maintained by cocultivation of infected brain cells with fresh Vero cells. The biological characteristics of two strains were studied. It was found that these strains remain cell-associated after repeated cocultivations with Vero cells and produce plaques under fluid medium or tragacanth overlay. The correlation with measles virus was demonstrated by the plaque reduction test as well as by the immunofluorescence test. Large numbers of nucleocapsids were observed in the cytoplasm of infected cells but none in nuclei. Intracerebral inoculation of monkeys, adult guinea pigs, newborn and adult hamsters or mice was followed by acute encephalitis and death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Stabilizing effect of magnesium chloride and sucrose on Sabin live polio vaccine.

A trivalent vaccine was stabilized with (a) 70% sucrose, (b) MgCl2 1M, and (c) 35% sucrose plus MgCl2 1/2M. A portion of each batch was kept at +4 degrees C and 22-25 degrees C. No change in titre for all 3 preparations was recorded after 9 weeks storage at +4 degrees C. While the potency of vaccines containing MgCl2 alone or mixed with sucrose and kept at +25-28 degrees C for 5 weeks was not altered, the vaccine containing only sucrose was less stable, and a drop of titre was noticed after 2 weeks of storage at +22-25 degrees C. Monovalent polio vaccines were also stabilized as above and kept at +4 degrees C or at -20 degrees C. It was found that regardless of the type of stabilizer used, 82 to 97 per cent of potency was retained after 9 months of storage at +4 degrees C or at -20 degrees C.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1978

Age of measles immunization in tropics.

Maternal immunity to measles was studied in a group of 500 newborn children and another group of 500 children aged one to 12 months, before vaccination. The geometric mean titer of detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody was 16 for newborn children. This titer was absent in most children aged 3 to 5 months. Our previous studies indicate that from 1970 to 1972, children from the lower socio-economic classes aged 5 to 9 months were the main target of measles complications and deaths. Based on the present data, we suggest that children in developing countries should be vaccinated as young as 6 months and should be revaccinated 3 to 4 months later to assure full protection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1974

Experimental study of a further attenuated live measles vaccine of the Sugiyama strain in Iran.

After encouraging results of the mass vaccination programme in Iran, in which 5 million children in rural areas were vaccinated with the Japanese Sugiyama strain at its 82nd passage in baby calf kidney, and a progressive decrease in the incidence of measles as well as a reduction of excessive infant mortality, a further attenuated vaccine, produced with the same strain, cloned in Japan, was compared in a field trial with the parent vaccine. The new strain caused fewer reactions than the original strain. Seroconversion with a geometric mean antibody titre of 6.1 was observed in 95% of susceptible children.

Animals↗