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Biomedical subjects

H Mizutani

Publications and source records attributed to H Mizutani.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Influence of attachment wear on retention of mandibular overdenture.

UNLABELLED: The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate and compare retention of two-teeth (implant) supported mandibular overdenture with either stud or magnetic attachments during linear (axial) and rotational (paraxial) dislodgements; (ii) to compare retentive properties before and after wear simulation. The test group consisted of five magnetic and four stud overdenture attachments (n = 12 specimens for each attachment type). Retention in axial direction was evaluated on one-tooth (implant) model by measuring maximum retentive force (N) and range of retention (mm) during the linear dislodgement. Retention in the paraxial direction was evaluated on mandibular-overdenture model by measuring the maximum retentive force (N) during three types of rotational dislodgements - anterior, lateral and posterior. The minimum number of cycles required to simulate wear was determined by special wear test. Afterwards, the wear was simulated in the test group, and retention in axial and paraxial directions was measured again. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: one-way anova, Scheffe post hoc and paired-samples t-tests (P < 0.05). Initially, studs had higher retention (4-11 N) than magnets (4.5-6 N) in axial direction. After the wear simulation, it had decreased from 76% to 48% for some of the studs and had become similar to the retention of magnetic attachments. Magnets had lower retention range (0.2-0.3 mm) than studs (0.5-1.1 mm). Studs provided similar or higher retention in paraxial directions than magnetic attachments both before and after wear simulation. Retentive properties of magnets decreased mostly with posterior rotational dislodgement. Retentive properties of stud overdenture attachments were less constant.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed2006

Effect of supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extracts on enzyme activities in peripheral leukocytes of calves.

To investigate the effect of Agaricus mushroom meal on the energy metabolism in animal tissues; plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma and peripheral leukocytes were measured in Japanese Black WagyuxHolstein F1 calves supplemented with Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) extract in milk-replacer at the dose of 60g/head/day for 4 weeks. Activities of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cytosol and glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria, and the malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in cytosol in peripheral leukocytes of calves with A. blazei were significantly higher than those in control calves without A. blazei. It was concluded that supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extract was effective in activation of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of calves.

Agaricus↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes and livers between Holstein dairy cows and ICR mice.

Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in peripheral leukocytes and livers of Holstein dairy cows and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In dairy cow liver, activities of enzymes in glycolysis, malate-aspartate shuttle and lipogenesis were lower, but activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis were higher than those in mouse liver. Glucokinase activities were below detection limit in leukocytes and liver of the cows. Dairy cow leukocytes and liver showed the isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and-3, whereas mouse leukocytes and liver showed that LDH-5 was dominant. The LDH isoenzyme patterns were very similar between leukocytes and liver in each animal species. Some enzymes in leukocytes may reflect those enzymes activities in liver and be a useful indicator for energy metabolism in animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Topical suplatast tosilate (IPD) ameliorates Th2 cytokine-mediated dermatitis in caspase-1 transgenic mice by downregulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-5.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by elevated serum levels of IgE. AD is associated with Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10. Systemic administration of suplatast tosilate (IPD) is currently used to treat Th2 cytokine-mediated AD. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of topical IPD on skin lesions of AD using a genetically engineered AD mouse model (K14/caspase-1 transgenic mouse: KCASP1Tg). METHODS: IPD ointment (3%) and white petrolatum (WP) were applied to KCASP1Tg mice every other day from 6 to 14 weeks after birth. Histopathological analysis of skin lesions and measurement of mRNA expression of cytokines in skin lesions and spleen cells were carried out. We also compared changes in serum parameters between IPD-treated and WP-treated KCASP1Tg mice. RESULTS: WP-treated mice developed dermatitis at 8 weeks after birth. However, skin lesions in IPD-treated mice were limited. Histopathologically, skin lesions in WP-treated KCASP1Tg mice showed marked inflammatory changes with increased mast cell infiltration. However, mice treated with IPD showed minimum skin lesions with scarce mast cell infiltration. WP-treated KCASP1Tg mice had significant elevation in the serum levels of histamine, IgE and IL-18 as compared with IPD-treated KCASP1Tg mice. mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-5 in the skin lesions from WP-treated KCASP1Tg mice was significantly higher than in those from IPD-treated mice. In the spleen, the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma was significantly increased in WP-treated KCASP1Tg mice as compared with their IPD-treated counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that topical therapy with IPD inhibits the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 and ameliorates skin manifestations in an AD mouse model, suggesting the potential usefulness of topical IPD for the treatment of AD.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Malate dehydrogenase activities are lower in some types of peripheral leucocytes of dogs and cats with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The activities of the enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured in peripheral leucocytes of spontaneous type 1 diabetic dogs and cats treated with insulin injections. In the diabetic dogs and cats, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were three- or fourfold greater than the control levels in spite of insulin injections and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), one of pivotal enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, were remarkably lower than the controls. Depressed expression of cytosolic MDH mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis in the diabetic animals. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (M / L ratio) in leucocytes of the diabetic animals was significantly lower than that of normal control animals. The smaller M / L ratio appeared to reflect depression of energy metabolism in the diabetic animals. Intrinsically lower and further decreased MDH activities may be factors that induce insulin resistance observed in diabetic cats.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The intravenous xylitol tolerance test in non-lactating cattle.

Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that is often used for treatment of ketosis in dairy cattle in Japan. An intravenous xylitol tolerance test (IVXTT, 0.1 g/kg, bolus injection through the jugular vein) was performed in 4 non-lactating cows (n = 4) and the results were compared with those of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) performed under equivalent conditions. The serum xylitol concentration reached a peak value (41.4+/-9.0 mg/dl) at 5 min, and then rapidly decreased and almost disappeared within 2 h. The C0 for xylitol was 56.9+/-16.6 mg/dl and the t(1/2) was 8.5+/-0.9 min. The administration of xylitol appeared to cause similar secretion of insulin to that caused by glucose. There was also a reduction in the concentration of free fatty acids. It seems that xylitol has value for the treatment of ketosis. However, rapid administration of xylitol appeared to have an osmotic diuretic action and might be a cause of dehydration.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic dogs with glycemic control by intensive insulin treatment.

Changes in plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes were measured in type 1 diabetic dogs induced by streptozotocin administration before and after intensive insulin treatments. Before the insulin treatment, the plasma glucose concentrations were over 16.7 mmol/L and the activities of enzymes remarkably decreased in leukocytes of the diabetic dogs. In particular, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities decreased significantly. After glycemic control was achieved by insulin treatment, the plasma glucose concentrations were maintained between 6.8 and 7.7 mmol/L and the activities of enzymes restored to those in the control dogs. The changes in ML ratio (cytosolic MDH/lactate dehydrogenase specific activity ratio) reflected faithfully to metabolic conditions of animals and were considered to be a useful parameter to evaluate glycemic control and the effect of injected insulin in the diabetic dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of short-term low-intensity exercise on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose and lipid metabolism in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of short-term physical exercise that did not change body mass on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose and lipid metabolism in 39 non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were estimated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-B-cell function proposed by Matthews et al., respectively. All patients were hospitalized and were engaged in low-intensity exercise that consisted of walking and dumbbell exercise for successive 7 days. There were no changes in hospital diet and the dose of any medications used throughout the study. Fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were measured before and after exercise. After exercise, serum triglyceride levels significantly decreased, but no significant changes were observed in total and HDL cholesterol concentrations. Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels significantly decreased after exercise, but HOMA-B-cell function did not change during the study. There was no significant difference between BMI levels before and after exercise. From these results, it can be concluded that short-term (7 days) low-intensity physical exercise combined with hospital diet reduces serum triglycerides, insulin resistance, and fasting glucose levels without affecting BMI in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound imaging features of vascular canals in human femoral condylar epiphysis.

PURPOSE: To describe the gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound imaging features of vascular canals in human femoral condylar epiphysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Vascular canals in the femoral condylar epiphysis were examined using gray-scale and Doppler US. The study was performed in 45 volunteers (aged <1 month-72 years) who comprised 1 subject with short stature, 1 subject with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome and 43 subjects with normal growth. RESULTS: In the 8-year-old and younger group (n=34), vascular canals were observed in 32 subjects (94%), whereas vascular canals were not observed in the 9-year-old and older group (n=11). Vascular canals were visualized as hyperechoic lines and dots. With Doppler US, blood flow in the vascular canals was observed in 20 of the 32 subjects (62.5%). Spectral Doppler analysis was possible in 15 subjects, in all of whom only arterial waveforms were observed. CONCLUSION: US was helpful to delineate the vascular canals and flow therein. The detection and evaluation of vascular canals and blood flow therein may prove useful in understanding growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Case report. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa developed in a patient with non-HIV acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 53-year-old woman had asymptomatic multiple nodules on her gluteal region for 6 months. She had a history of systemic corticosteroid treatment for Evans' syndrome. Recently she had developed an immunodeficiency condition with CD4+ cell depletion without an HIV infection and a normal serum gamma globulin level. A smear from the purulent exudate of the nodules revealed many brown-coloured hyphae, spores and few large dark-brown cells. A short, hairy, dark-brown coloured colony was cultivated on Sabouraud glucose agar. Slide culturing revealed only a Phialophora-type conidia formation, and the fungus was diagnosed as Phialophora verrucosa. Severe immunosuppressive condition (non-HIV acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) of this patients after systemic corticosteroid treatment for Evans' syndrome predisposed an opportunistic cutaneous fungal infection due to P. verrucosa. Cases with cutaneous infection due to P. verrucosa reported in Japan are summarized and discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Alpha-synuclein protein is not scavenged in neuronal loss induced by kainic acid or focal ischemia.

Alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic protein, is markedly included in Lewy bodies (LB) in Parkinson's and LB diseases. In this study, neuronal loss and the activation of glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes were induced by neurodegenerative insults such as the injection of kainic acid and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. In contrast, immunoreactivity for alpha-synuclein did not change even at 7 days after these insults. These results suggest that alpha-synuclein protein may be so scarcely scavenged by glial cells that it readily condenses in neurodegenerative regions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors cause motor deficits in mice.

We investigated possible motor effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), an neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an non-selective NOS inhibitor in mice using catalepsy and pole tests in comparison with dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist, haloperidol. We also studied the change in dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) contents of these compounds. The administration of 7-NI and L-NAME (40-160 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently induced motor deficit in both catalepsy and pole tests. The motor deficit induced by 7-NI was more pronounced than the one produced by L-NAME. In contrast, haloperidol showed a marked motor deficit in mice. Haloperidol showed a marked motor deficit as compared with 7-NI and L-NAME. For dopamine, DOPAC and HVA contents, haloperidol exhibited a significant decrease in dopamine content and a significant increase in DOPAC and HVA content in the striatum. In contrast, 7-NI showed a significant increase in the striatal dopamine content. However, 7-NI had no significant change in the striatal DOPAC and HVA contents. On the other hand, no significant change in the striatal dopamine, DOPAC and HVA contents was observed in L-NAME-treated mice. The present study also showed that the motor deficit induced by 7-NI or L-NAME was significantly attenuated by the treatment with L-arginine. These results demonstrate that NOS inhibitors as well as dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist haloperidol can induce motor deficit in mice. The present study also suggests that the mechanism in the motor deficit caused by NOS inhibitors may be different from that in the motor deficit induced by haloperidol. Furthermore, our findings suggest that nNOS may play some role in control of motor behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Limited urinary concentration and damaged tubules in rats with a syngeneic kidney graft.

BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanisms of renal transplant dysfunction are poorly understood. There is little information on tubular function in kidney grafts. The cDNAs encoding kidney-specific cell surface proteins required for renal reabsorption of sodium (sodium cotransporter in thick ascending limb of Henle, rBSC1) and water (apical water channel in collecting duct, AQP2) have been recently identified. Since transcripts of these proteins are up-regulated in dehydration in association with maximal concentration of urine, we examined urinary concentrating ability and expression levels of mRNA of these proteins in kidney isografts. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent syngeneic renal transplantation or unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) and were deprived of water for 24 hours at six weeks after the operation when histological and functional compensation of the intact kidney was complete. Blood and urinary samples were collected before and after dehydration. The amount of rBSC1 or AQP2 mRNA was measured using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by inducing a point mutation at the middle of PCR product for rBSC1 or by deleting 180 bp from 780 bp PCR product for AQP2, respectively. The protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Both groups of rats demonstrated the same levels of compensatory renal hypertrophy (approximately 60% weight increase) and plasma creatinine values. Histological examination revealed enlarged glomeruli and tubules, but no findings of ischemic damage, such as tubular atrophy or interstitial changes. Urinary concentration was noted in the UNX rats but not in rats with kidney grafts. Competitive PCR demonstrated that dehydration did not increase rBSC1 and AQP2 transcripts in rats with kidney transplantation. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the marked increase of both rBSC1 and AQP2 proteins was noted only in the remnant kidney of dehydrated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Rats with kidney isografts have a limited capacity to concentrate urine and, at the same time, fail to increase rBSC1 and AQP2 transcripts. This suggests that there is a prolonged damage of renal tubules by ischemia or denervation of the donor kidney, both of which are inevitable in the transplantation procedure.

Animals↗