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Biomedical subjects

H Moi

Publications and source records attributed to H Moi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Changes in knowledge of HIV/AIDS, sexual behaviour and practice among STD patients in Greenland 1990-1992. Monitoring the Stop-AIDS campaign in Greenland.

Due to a high incidence of STDs Greenland is considered to be a high risk area for an AIDS epidemic, and a close monitoring system has been set up to monitor the spread of HIV and changes in knowledge and sexual norms. This is the second report from surveys of knowledge, sexual behaviour and practice and STD patients i Greenland. Data were collected by means of self administered questionnaires in 1990 to 1992 in Nuuk, Sisimiut and Angmagssalik. The results from Nuuk in 1992 are compared with results from a similar survey from 1990.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mobiluncus species in bacterial vaginosis: aspects of pathogenesis.

Mobiluncus is an anaerobic motile rod associated with bacterial vaginosis. In this work, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to study the ability of Mobiluncus spp. from the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis to induce, in the presence of normal adult serum, oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which is an indirect measure of phagocytic activity. M. curtisii induced a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower response than M. mulieris, which indicates that M. curtisii escapes phagocytosis more easily. Indirect immunofluorescence assays showed IgG antibodies to M. curtisii at significantly (p less than 0.01) higher titres than to M. mulieris in women with bacterial vaginosis. The titres were higher in patients with bacterial vaginosis than in women without vaginosis and healthy men. No antibodies to Mobiluncus spp. of secretory IgA type were found in vaginal washings. These results indicate that M. curtisii is a more virulent species than M. mulieris, and agree with reports of M. curtisii found in postoperative and extragenital infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with genital infections, inflammation, and contraceptive methods in women attending sexually transmitted disease and primary health clinics.

In an epidemiological survey of 2128 women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic for the first time and 200 attending two primary health clinics, 26% and 27% respectively were found to have bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence increased significantly with age, being diagnosed in 22.8% (326/1431) of women aged 14-24 years, and in 33.3% (232/697) of those aged greater than or equal to 25 years. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with gonorrhoea and with chlamydial infection, but was negatively associated with genital papillomavirus infection and yeast infection. Women using barrier contraceptives had a significantly lower prevalence of bacterial vaginosis than those using an intrauterine device or no contraceptive. Women less than or equal to 24 years old using oral contraceptives had a significantly lower prevalence of bacterial vaginosis than those not using contraceptives. Patients without gonorrhoea or chlamydial infection but with vaginal or urethral inflammatory signs had a significantly higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis than those without inflammatory signs. These findings may have implications regarding complications associated with lower genital tract infections and may strengthen the hypothesis that bacterial vaginosis is a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and abortions--the present situation for medical care of sexually transmitted diseases in Sweden.

In Sweden, the high numbers of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus and the threat of human immunodeficiency virus has been the origin of an ongoing change in the care for people with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This is based on the view that traditional STDs, HIV, and abortions are different consequences of the same thing--unprotected intercourse--so prevention of one means prevention of the others and they should always be considered together. There is a growing understanding that epidemiological aspects of STD have to be improved. To attain these goals, new measures are taken at different levels. Central organization committees are created in the counties for the management of STD care. Youth clinics are given better resources. A new kind of department for problems related to sexuality is developed with contributions primarily from gynecology and venereology. The well-established Swedish tradition for sex education is reinforced.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Should male consorts of women with bacterial vaginosis be treated?

Nitroimidazoles have been shown to be the drugs of choice to treat women with bacterial vaginosis, but the recurrence rate is high. Some workers have suggested that the recurrence of symptoms may in fact be reinfection by male consorts, but no controlled studies have been undertaken to confirm this. In an international, multicentre, randomised, double blind trial, the recurrence rate was studied in 241 women with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. All women were treated with 2 g metronidazole twice at an interval of two days. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups, one contained 123 women, whose consorts were given the same dose of metronidazole, the other consisted of 118 women whose consorts were given inert but identical placebo tablets. The women were evaluated at weeks 1, 4, and 12 after treatment. At week 1, the cure rate was 97% (115/119) in women whose consorts had been treated and 98% (111/113) in the others. At week 4 bacterial vaginosis had recurred in 17% (19/112) of women whose consorts had been treated and in 13% (14/106) of those whose consorts had received placebo. At week 12 the recurrence rates were 21% (20/95) in women with treated consorts, and 16% (15/95) in the others. The differences in recurrence rates between the two groups of women were not significant. In conclusion, treating the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis does not seem to increase the cure rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in males by cell culture and antigen detection test.

Urethral Chlamydia trachomatis infection was diagnosed in 204 of 1,011 (20.2%) male patients by cell culture, in 219 (21.7%) by an antigen detection test consisting of a solid phase immunoassay, and in 247 (24.4%) patients by both methods combined. The positive results of the two methods agreed for 176 patients, and both positive and negative results of the tests agreed for 940 patients (93%). With cell culture as the reference method, the antigen detection test had a sensitivity of 86.3%, a specificity of 94.7%, a positive predictive value of 80.4% and a negative predictive value of 96.5%. It gave false negative results in 28 patients. In 43 patients the antigen detection test gave a positive result, whereas culture was negative. Thirty-nine of these males were treated with antibiotics (tetracycline or erythromycin), 19 because their consorts had a proven Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and 20 for obvious clinical and/or microscopic findings of urethritis requiring treatment. According to this analysis there were 19 probable misses by cell culture test and four true false-positives by the antigen detection test, i.e. less than 0.4% of all patients examined. Since one-third of males with a final diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were clinically asymptomatic efforts to control genital chlamydial infections must identify this reservoir. The antigen detection test provides an alternative diagnostic method to the more laborious and time-consuming cell culture procedure.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Incidence and prevalence of dermatitis herpetiformis in a country in central Sweden, with comments on the course of the disease and IgA deposits as diagnostic criterion.

In a defined area of 273 000 inhabitants in Central Sweden a total number of 125 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were observed during the years 1974-1982. The incidence was calculated for the years 1943-1982 and was found to be 0.86-1.45 patients/100 000 inhabitants/year, which is in agreement with a report from Finland. However, the prevalence of DH in the area was 39.2 patients/100 000 inhabitants, which is much higher than previously reported. Spontaneous transient remissions of more than half a year duration were seen in 20% of the patients. At the end of the study, 16 out of 37 patients (43%) on normal diet used no dapsone because of no or minimal rash. Immunohistochemical demonstration of IgA-deposits at the dermoepidermal junction was found to be a good diagnostic criterion. Granular deposits were seen in all except one patient, also in those needing no dapsone. Five out of 6 patients with a granular-linear pattern were still alive at the end of the study, and all of them needed dapsone for control of the rash.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A serological study of anaerobic curved rods with rabbit hyperimmune antisera.

Anaerobic curved rods (ACR) isolated from vaginal discharge of women with a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) were investigated with regard to bacteriologic and serologic characteristics. According to morphologic criteria, long curved rods (LCR) which were sensitive to metronidazole, and short curved rods (SCR) which showed resistance to metronidazole, were recognized. LCR degraded several sugars, whereas SCR degraded only a few carbohydrates. With the use of hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit anti-ACR antibodies, heat-labile and heat-stable antigens were demonstrated in whole cells of both LCR and SCR strains by co-agglutination (CoA). Heat-labile antigens which could be flagellae or other surface components seemed to be responsible for inter-group and inter-strain specificity and did not cross-react between LCR and SCR. Two types of heat-stable antigens, one resistant to 120 degrees C, and one resistant to 100 degrees C but not 120 degrees C, were demonstrated in both LCR and SCR. These heat-stable antigens showed considerable one-way and two-way cross-reactivities within the LCR group, and one-way cross-reactivities were also demonstrated between LCR and SCR strains. These cross-reactivities were also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in untreated whole cells. The results show that IFL could be used to identify untreated whole cells and CoA to identify heated bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Studies on rabbit hyperimmune, patient and blood donor serum with regard to bactericidal activity and serum antibodies against anaerobic curved rods from patients with bacterial vaginosis.

Serum specimens from patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) from whom anaerobic curved rods (ACR) were isolated, from healthy female and male blood donors and from rabbits immunized with ACR were tested for anti-ACR antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and for bactericidal activity. The rabbit sera had antibody titres ranging from 1 : 160 to 1 : 2560 but no bactericidal activity could be demonstrated. Very low titres (1:10) of IgM antibodies were detected in serum from a few patients as well as from a few female and male blood donors, whereas no IgG or IgA antibody titres (less than 1:10) were demonstrated. No bactericidal activity was found in the human sera against ACR. We conclude that no systemic antibody response can be demonstrated in patients with BV from whom such organisms are isolated. Moreover, these organisms behave differently from other Gram-negative bacterial species, in that they are resistant to normal serum as well as the specific antibody-complement-mediated bactericidal activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An in vitro study of the attachment to vaginal epithelial cells of anaerobic curved rods, Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides disiens.

An in vitro test system was used to study the influence of different pH levels on the adherence of anaerobic curved rods (ACR) of the long (LCR) and short type (SCR), of Bacteroides bivius and B. disiens, to vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) obtained from healthy women. There was a significant increase in the adherence of ACR (p less than 0.05) and B. bivius (p less than 0.05) at decreasing acidity. LCR adhered significantly better than SCR at pH 7.5 as compared with pH 4.0 (p less than 0.01). 'Clue cells' seen in wet mounts from vaginal discharge of women with bacterial vaginosis were very similar to VEC covered with ACR in in vitro tests.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of urogenital gonorrhoea by detecting gonococcal antigen with a solid phase enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme).

A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme) was used to demonstrate gonococcal antigen in urogenital specimens. Urethral specimens from 101 men and cervical specimens from 150 women were examined, and the diagnostic yields were compared with those obtained by culture. The Gonozyme test was positive in 25 patients, 15 men and 10 women, and negative in 226 patients. Gonococci were isolated by culture in 23 of the patients, 12 men and 11 women. The Gonozyme test gave false-negative results in two men and one woman patient. The sensitivity of the test was 87% for the men and 91% for the women. Correspondingly, the test specificity was 94.3% for the men and 100% for the women, the predictive value of positive test 80% and 100%, and that of negative test 97.7 and 99.3% respectively. The Gonozyme test does not allow antibiotic sensitivity testings but has the advantage of rapidity and is not dependent upon viable organisms. The test is an attractive alternative to culture procedures for screening women patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic gonorrhoea.

Antigens, Bacterial↗