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Biomedical subjects

H Mosbech

Publications and source records attributed to H Mosbech.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Insect allergy. Predictive value of diagnostic tests: a three-year follow-up study.

One hundred and six adults with various reactions to yellow jacket (YJ), honey bee (HB) or unidentified insects (UI) were tested for allergy to insect venoms. For various reasons none received immunotherapy. Individuals completed questionnaires annually for three consecutive years and described sting reactions within the previous season. Ninety subjects completed all the questionnaires and 77 of these were re-tested at the end of the period. Nine out of 25 patients reacted with a systemic reaction when re-stung. High IgE and low IgG venom-specific antibody levels indicated an unfavourable prognosis, since eight of 11 individuals who initially presented venom-specific IgE greater than RAST class 2 and venom-specific IgG below detection limit had systemic reactions at re-sting. No such reactions occurred in subjects with no specific IgE and only one out of six with specific IgE as well as IgG reacted systematically. Skin prick tests (SPT) of less than 3mm with YJ venom 1,000 micrograms/ml excluded later systemic symptoms to stings, whereas larger skin reactions gave an equal chance of systemic or local reactions at re-sting. In individuals not stung by UI, YJ and/or HB the decline in venom-specific IgG and IgE was significant, median values ranging from 41% to 75% over the 3-year period. The decline was unaffected by the type of sting reaction prior to the initial test. SPT results did not change significantly. The findings are relevant when testing patients several years after their last insect sting and the results might indicate that the antibody decline is accompanied by a decrease in clinical sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunotherapy with yellow jacket venom. A comparative study including three different extracts, one adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide and two unmodified.

Thirty-two patients with previous systemic allergic reaction to yellow jacket stings were randomly allocated to three groups receiving immunotherapy with different preparations of yellow jacket venom: 1) extract adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (Alutard-SQ), 2) Pharmalgen extract or 3) non-adsorbed extract from Allergologisk Laboratorium (ALK aq.). Regular examinations showed a decrease in skin prick test size in nearly all patients. Specific IgE-antibody (RAST and CRIE scores) showed a similar, but not significant tendency to decrease in all three groups. Specific IgG-antibody increased considerably in the Alutard group only; after 2 years, however, no difference could be detected between the three groups. During dose increase, patients treated with ALK aq. generally had smaller local reactions to injections than those treated with Pharmalgen. Few systemic reactions occurred in all three groups. Nineteen patients treated for 2 1/2-3 1/2 years were challenged in-hospital with stings from yellow jackets. No systemic and only minor local reactions occurred. Consequently, with the dose regimens applied all three extracts seem effective even though no common changes in either specific IgE or IgG could be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Collection of house dust for analysis of mite allergens. Allergen-reducing effect of a self-administered procedure.

To assess allergen-reducing effect of dust collection from mattresses, patients were asked to vacuum clean the entire surface of their mattresses for 5 min with their household cleaners at specified intervals ranging from 1-21 days. Ten patients performed four collections, nine patients only two. Amounts of dust, concentrations and amounts of major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp42), Dermatophagoides microceras (Dm6), and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df6) were determined. The first sampling caused a statistically significant reduction in the absolute amounts of allergens in a following sample. The same tendency was seen in dust weight but not in concentrations of allergens. At intervals of 1 or 3 weeks no consistent changes could be registered. Differences were small and good reproducibility of the sampling and analysing procedure could be assumed. Since the self-administered procedure is much cheaper and easier to handle than sampling done by technicians with special equipment, it can be recommended for sequential analysis of allergen exposure.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Effect of a mixture of pyridostigmine and atropine on forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and serum cholinesterase activity in normal subjects.

Pyridostigmine 0.143 mg kg-1 (maximum 10 mg) and atropine 0.0143 mg kg-1 (maximum 1 mg) were administered i.v. to six healthy male volunteers. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn for measurement of serum cholinesterase activity. Maximum inhibition of the enzyme was found 5 min after injection with a decrease to 27 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) of the original activity. Forced expiratory volume in the first 1s (FEV1) was measured at fixed time intervals for 90 min. No decrease in FEV1 was observed; on the contrary, there was a small increase. We conclude that atropine effectively antagonizes the muscarinic side-effects of pyridostigmine on bronchial smooth muscle tone and bronchial secretions, when administered in clinical doses to normal human subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sensitive glass microfibre-based histamine analysis for allergy testing in washed blood cells. Results compared with conventional leukocyte histamine release assay.

The new microfibre method for allergy testing is based on basophil histamine release after challenge with suspected allergens in samples of 50 microliter washed blood cells. Released histamine is bound to microfibres and measured after removal of interfering substances by washing. The microfibre method was compared with the conventional leukocyte histamine release assay in 18 allergic patients tested with 10 different allergens. It was found that the same individuals responded with histamine release to the same allergens in both assays, and the number of responders was almost identical. Also the dose-response curves and the cell sensitivity were almost identical, which further substantiated identity between the results obtained by the new microfibre method and the conventional assay. A comparison between the microfibre method and in vivo provocation tests showed good agreement when comparing the number of positive and negative responses in these test. The new method overcomes the problems in allergy testing, where only small amounts of blood are available and many tests have to be carried out.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

HEP versus PNU standardization of allergen extracts in skin prick testing. A comparative randomized in vivo study.

During 1 year, all patients referred to an allergy outpatient clinic for adults were skin prick tested with a panel of standard allergen extracts from two manufacturers using different methods of standardization. One company referred to the histamine equivalent prick (HEP) and the other used the more traditional protein nitrogen units (PNU). Standard extracts and five-fold dilution were tested. The results indicate that the ratio of concentration between two extracts of the same allergen should be measured by the absolute difference of the wheal diameters. We found significant differences between corresponding extracts from the two manufacturers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on histamine release from human leukocytes and rat mast cells.

The influence of cyclosporin A (CyA) on human basophil histamine release induced in vitro by specific antigen, anti-IgE, calcium ionophore A23187, or concanavalin A (Con A) was studied. CyA inhibited the release induced by these four stimulators. It is suggested that the drug acts directly on the target cell, since similar effect was obtained with isolated peritoneal rat mast cells. The basophil histamine release was not changed by a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin derivate.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The predictive value of bronchial histamine challenge in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.

A prospective survey aiming to study the predictive value of bronchial histamine challenge was performed on 151 patients with a forced expiratory volume1 (FEV1) above 60% of predicted. According to variations in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and medical history the patients were classified as asthmatics (n = 97) or non-asthmatics (n = 54). The diagnostic properties of the challenge were calculated using the statement of Baye. Considering PC20 values below 4.00 mg/ml as positive, the predictive value of a positive test was about 0.80 and the predictive value of a negative about 0.76. When PC20 was below 0.125 mg/ml the predictive value of a positive test was 1.00, but an increase in PC20 in the range from 4.00 to 16 mg/ml did not increase the predictive value of a negative test. In this study the prevalence of asthma was about 0.6. We therefore conclude that bronchial histamine challenge is a valuable test for detection and exclusion of bronchial asthma, when the prevalence of the disease is high. In populations with a lower frequency of bronchial asthma the diagnostic value of a positive bronchial challenge will be negligible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Insect allergy. A comparative study including case histories and immunological parameters.

One hundred and seventeen persons all stung by yellow jacket (YJ) and/or bee were examined by means of skin prick test with venom of these insects, skin prick test with 10 inhalant allergens and analyses of total IgE, specific IgE and IgG against honey bee and YJ venom. Eighty-seven persons had had a systemic reaction to YJ or bee sting, the rest had reacted normally or with a large local reaction. Positive correlations (P less than 0.05) were found between results of skin prick tests and specific IgE against venoms and, for YJ, between the severity of symptoms after sting and the size prick test with the venom. That some of the more severe symptoms could have been caused by non-immunological mechanisms could explain why a significant correlation was present only between the results of the prick test and specific IgE and not between these tests and the clinical symptoms. Specific IgE values against YJ and honey bee venom showed covariation, although no correlation could be demonstrated between the clinical symptoms after stings from these insects, or between skin prick test results using the two different extracts. The severity of the sting reactions was not correlated to age, atopic disposition, amount of total IgE, number of stings during life, or positive skin prick test to inhalant allergens. It is concluded that in insect allergy, specific IgE analysis and skin prick tests are supplementary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Controlled-release theophylline and proxyphylline in asthmatics: a comparative study.

In a short-term study, a new sustained-release preparation of proxyphylline (2400 mg/day) was compared to theophylline (800 mg/day) and placebo. A double-blind crossover design was used, and 10 adult asthmatics participated. No significant differences were found between the treatments with regard to relief of asthma symptoms, need for additional medication or incidence and intensity of side-effects. In the placebo period, morning peak-flow was significantly lower compared to active treatment periods.

Adult↗