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Biomedical subjects

H Motoyama

Publications and source records attributed to H Motoyama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

American and Japanese chronic low back pain patients: cross-cultural similarities and differences.

The study compared and contrasted medical, psychological, social and general behavioral functioning of American and Japanese low back pain patients and normal controls. The Sickness Impact Profile and a standardized Medical Examination Protocol for Pain instrument were used to assess all subjects. Findings showed that the American and Japanese low back pain patients had similar and significantly higher medical-physical findings than their respective controls. Likewise, the American and Japanese low back pain patients showed significantly greater psychological, social, and general behavioral dysfunction compared to control subjects. Finally, despite similar medical and physical findings, the Japanese low back pain patients were significantly less impaired in psychological, social, vocational, and avocational functioning than the American low back pain patients. It was concluded that there were significant cross-cultural differences between the American and Japanese low back pain patients, primarily in the psychosocial and behavioral areas. However, given the small sample size, any conclusion should be considered with caution; replication is needed before more definite conclusions are possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lipoperoxidation and antioxidant substances in the human placenta during gestation].

Recently particular interest has been shown in the relationship of the aging phenomenon to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. We studied changes in lipid peroxidation in the human placenta by measuring lipoperoxides from early pregnancy to term. In addition, we studied changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the placental tissues. The degree of lipid peroxidation in placental tissue in early pregnancy was significantly higher than that in late pregnancy. Lipid peroxidation in the case of spontaneous abortion was slightly higher than that in normal pregnancy. The activities of SOD and catalase increased significantly, but glutathione peroxidase activity remained almost the same throughout development. On the other hand, the alpha-tocopherol concentration decreased gradually as gestation progressed. These results suggest that early placental tissue is functionally immature, then gradually suppresses lipoperoxide formation as pregnancy advances. The placental tissue protects the fetus from many kinds of radicals in the feto-maternal circulation.

Catalase↗
PubMed1988

Gastric emptying rates of drug preparations. II. Effects of size and density of enteric-coated drug preparations and food on gastric emptying rates in humans.

Enteric-coated granules with different densities and tablets of different sizes were prepared in order to study the effect of these physical properties of dosage forms on the gastric emptying rates in humans. The effect of food on the gastric emptying rate was also studied. Aspirin contained in an enteric-coated product as a marker drug was used to determine the gastric emptying rate by measuring salicylates excreted into the urine. The larger the size of the dosage form, the larger were the values of parameters for estimating the gastric emptying rate such as tlag, tmax and the mean absorption time. There was a significant correlation between the gastric emptying rates and sizes of dosage forms. On the other hand, no effects of density of enteric-coated granules on the gastric emptying rate were observed. The gastric emptying of dosage forms of various sizes or densities tested were prolonged by food. However, the gastric emptying rate of granules was less affected by food than that of tablets.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1987

Protective effect of vitamin E against lipoperoxides in developing rats.

Pregnant rats were fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet, and blood and liver tissue concentrations of lipoperoxides were determined in fetuses and newborn rats. For comparison, a standard diet and a vitamin E-deficient diet were given to different animal groups. Fetal rats of all three groups showed very low blood and liver tissue levels of lipoperoxides, and there were no apparent intergroup differences. However, the levels increased sharply immediately after birth in the vitamin E-deficient rats, with the blood level being 4 times greater than in the other groups 10 days after birth, and the liver level 6 times greater than in the other groups 3 days after birth. Thus, vitamin E was revealed to be an important protective factor against abnormal synthesis and accumulation of lipoperoxides in liver tissues, particularly during the early stages after birth.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E levels during pregnancy in rats.

The present study examined pregnancy-related changes in the level of lipoperoxides and antioxidative substances such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and vitamin E in the maternal and fetal serum, liver, lungs, and placenta using Wistar rats. Pregnant rats fed a standard diet (control animals) showed an increase of lipoperoxides in the blood to a level 3 times greater than the non-pregnant level. When the rats were fed a vitamin E-deficient diet, lipoperoxides were produced in much greater amounts. Fetal blood also contained greater concentrations of lipoperoxides by the use of a vitamin E-deficient diet. However, liver and lung tissues contained lipoperoxides in essentially constant concentrations throughout non-pregnancy and pregnancy. Fetal liver and lung tissues showed higher concentrations than the maternal concentrations. Fetal blood and tissue concentrations of vitamin E reflected the maternal concentrations, and the values in vitamin E-deficient animals were as small as 0.1-0.2 of the values in normally fed animals. As a protective factor against lipid peroxidation, SOD was slightly increased in the liver tissues of pregnant control animals, but catalase and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the organ. A similar tendency was observed in vitamin E-deficient animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Wavelength modulation by molecular environment in visual pigments.

The absorption and regenerability characteristics are compared for rhodopsin contained in rod outer segment membranes and purified in a series of alkyl sucrose esters. It is found that membrane-bound rhodopsin has maximum absorbance from 504 to 500 nm between 1.5 and 40 degrees C. After purification, rhodopsin absorbance can be blue-shifted by up to 6 nm, depending on the detergent species used. Only the longest chain sucrose esters give purified rhodopsin with maximum absorbance comparable to that of the native pigment. In the same manner, detergent-purified rhodopsin will be easily regenerated as long as its native spectral characteristics are maintained. Sucrose esters thus prove to be mild enough to maintain rhodopsin functionality with respect to these two properties and could probably be used successfully to maintain other membrane proteins' integrity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

IgM myeloma--its distinction from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (MM) with marked elevation of serum IgM as an M-component, diagnosed as IgM myeloma, was described. Clinically, multiple bone lesions were found but neither lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly nor tumor mass formation in the gastrointestinal tract. Pathologically, the tumor cells proliferating in the bone lesions were mainly comprised of myeloma cells closely resembling mature plasma cells, though they contained immature cells as a minor cell population. At autopsy, slight infiltration of myeloma cells was confirmed in the lymph nodes, spleen and both kidneys, which is considered to be a terminal phenomenon that occurred in the clinical course of the case. From these findings, it appears reasonable that, though a monoclonal increase of serum IgM was found, this case differs from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) both clinically and pathologically and is rather situated within the category of MM. The occurrence of such a case is extremely rare, only 28 cases being reported in the literature, including 13 autopsy cases. The existence of IgM myeloma in the category of MM should be emphasized as a disorder distinct from WM.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the pregnant rat].

The hyperlipemia of pregnancy consists primarily of an increase in triglycerides. In this study a comparison was made of the changes in the level of serum lipid concentration and the major lipoprotein subfraction in pregnant and non-pregnant SHR and Wistar rat. The results obtained were as follows. The serum triglyceride concentration is significantly high in the last period of pregnancy, i.e. 8.9 fold in Wistar rat and 13.0 fold in SHR. The atherogenic Index in the last period of pregnancy was 0.92 in Wistar rat and 2.54 in SHR. These figures show a 1.2 fold and a 3.4 fold increase over the non-pregnant level. Lipoprotein metabolism in pregnancy is characterized by an increase in cyromycrone and VLDL which is a major carrier of triglycerides. The amount of triglycerides in cyromicrone fraction was increased 9 times in Wistar rat and 64 times in SHR, and Triglycerides in VLDL fraction was not significantly different between Wistar rat and SHR during pregnancy. From the above results, SHR is a strain which easily manifests hyperlipemia and hyperlipoproteinemia during pregnancy when compared to the Wistar rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of phospholipids and detergents on transitions and equilibrium between the bleaching intermediates of rhodopsin.

The thermal stability of bleaching intermediates and the metarhodopsins I in equilibrium II equilibrium have been examined for purified rhodopsin in cholic acid and a series of alkyl sucrose esters. The results are compared with rhodopsin contained in its natural phospholipid environment. It is found that detergents modify the transition temperatures of the photointermediates in a complex manner. The equilibrium between metarhodopsins I and II is also strongly dependent on the detergent species. It is shifted according to the micellar rigidity. This effect is reversible and allows direct observation of a back reaction from metarhodopsin II to I.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid peroxidation and its protective mechanism during developmental stage in rat.

The concentration of lipoperoxides in liver tissue was extensively high in the fetus and early newborn, but it decreased sharply thereafter. However, the concentrations of lipoperoxides in the blood and lung tissue were low in the fetal period, but increased after birth reaching a peak after about 10 days of life. Then they gradually decreased with development. The activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase together with the concentration of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) were extremely low in the fetal and early newborn periods, but increased gradually with development.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Adenomatoid tumor of the uterus: report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of uterine adenomatoid tumor in a 47-year-old female was studied with both light and electron microscopes. The tumor was circumscribed, 2.5 cm in diameter, and located in the posterior wall of the uterus. In light microscopy, tumor cells showing "signet-ring" appearance arranged in cords or tubules. Hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharide was present in the cells and luminal surfaces. Mucicarmine stain was negative and periodic acid-Schiff reaction was faintly positive. In electron microscopy, the tumor showed basal laminae, well-developed desmosomes and numerous microvilli. Intercellular spaces were present between adjacent cells. Small intercellular spaces were separated from the large lumens by desmosomes and tight junctions, while large spaces communicated with the tubular lumens. Forty-four reported cases of adenomatoid tumor in females were briefly reviewed.

Adenoma↗