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Biomedical subjects

H Nødgaard

Publications and source records attributed to H Nødgaard.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The objective structured clinical examination in postgraduate pediatric training. The first Danish experiences].

To evaluate the usefulness of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for identifying weaknesses of the educational program and for providing feedback to trainees in paediatrics an 8-station OSCE was given. Ten residents on different levels of training participated. Stations covered a wide spectrum of clinical situations and included three video-recordings of patients. Skills in history-taking, examination, listing of differential diagnoses, planning of work-up as well as in communication and counselling were assessed. Verbal as well as written feedback was provided to all the trainees. In five trainees skills in examination were relatively weak, and subsequently it was possible to implement improvements in the educational program. Strengths and weaknesses of the educational program can be identified, but the benefits of the OSCE should be balanced with the extra workload and logistical difficulties.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

[Children from ethnic minorities in hospital in Aarhus. Why there--how long--because of what?].

We analysed the proportion of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization and diagnoses for children from ethnic minorities (both parents did not come from Nordic countries, EU, North America, New Zealand or Australia) compared to other ("western") children in a follow-up study. The study included all 47,987 children < 15 years in the municipality of Aarhus. All hospitalizations during March and April 1996 were recorded. The proportion of children from ethnic minorities who were hospitalized was 0.012, the corresponding proportion being 0.007 for the other children, showing a hospitalization-proportion-rate of 1.7 for the ethnic minorities. The median hospitalization time was two days and independent of ethnic group. In the group of ethnic minorities there were more children with psychological problems and with thalassaemia, and there were language problems in a third of the hospitalizations. The study showed a need for special health promotion activities for children from ethnic minorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with otitis media.

In this study the polymerase chain reaction was used to test for the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in 118 middle-ear aspirates from 20 children with acute otitis media (AOM) and 53 children with otitis media with effusion (OME). C. pneumoniae was detected in 8 samples obtained from 5 children with OME and, together with Streptococcus pneumoniae, in a sample from 1 child with AOM. The mean age of these five children (6.6 +/- 1.4 years) was significantly higher than that of the 48 children with OME in whom C. pneumoniae could not be detected (4.3 +/- 1.9 years). The presence of C. pneumoniae in 9.4% of the examined children with OME suggests that C. pneumoniae might be a significant supplementary factor in the etiology of this common children's disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Interleukin-8 and chemotactic activity of middle ear effusions.

The importance of interleukin (IL)-8 in the chemotactic activity of middle ear effusions (MEEs) was evaluated. There was a significantly higher IL-8 concentration in MEEs of children with acute otitis media (AOM) (n = 17; 136 ng/mL) than in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) (n = 28; 65 ng/mL). The IL-8 concentration in MEEs with bacteria (149 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in MEEs without bacteria (66 ng/mL). MEEs from children with AOM and OME had equally higher chemotactic activity than the diluent alone (23.3% and 24.8% vs. 9.2%). The chemotactic activity was not altered by the presence of bacteria nor did it correlate with IL-8 concentration. Fractionation of MEEs by gel chromatography demonstrated that the main chemotactic activity could clearly be separated from the IL-8 activity, thus excluding IL-8 as a main chemotactic component in MEEs.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1996

Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in northern Jutland, Denmark 1990-1993.

This population-based, historical, follow-up study analysed possible risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and resulting visual impairment in newborns over a period of 3 1/2 years in the County of Northern Jutland, Denmark. The study subjects were 141 infants with birth weight < or = 1500 grams and gestational age < 35 completed weeks who survived to a first eye examination at 5 weeks. The incidence of ROP (all stages) was 18%, and the frequency of severe visual impairment from ROP was 14/100,000 live births. A logistic regression analysis identified low gestational age, multiple births, continuous oxygen treatment, and male sex as risk factors for ROP. The main factor in the prevention of ROP is to prevent preterm births.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in neonatal mortality and morbidity of very low birth infants in the county of Nordjylland].

The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants with very low birthweight born in the county of northern Jutland, Denmark. The study was retrospective and included infants with birthweight < or = 1500 grams born in northern Jutland. The period 1988-1989 was compared to the period 1990-1993. Two hundred and seventy (270) infants were included. A decrease in neonatal mortality from 27% to 18% was found, and for infants with birthweight < or = 1000 grams the neonatal mortality declined from 60% to 28%. Possible explanations were a higher frequency of betamethasone administration and the introduction of surfactant into routine medical care. The median birthweight declined by just under 100 grams. The frequency of clinically significant periventricular haemorrhage and the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not increase. Long-term follow-up is necessary for the evaluation of the final results of the increased neonatal survival.

Denmark↗