Biomedical subjects

H Nishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishimoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Hepatitis type C virus infection in patients with type B chronic liver disease.

Anti-c100-3 (Ortho) was determined in the sera of 152 patients with HBs antigen-positive chronic liver diseases to assess coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eleven patients (7.2%) were positive for anti-c100-3. Anti-CP-9 (Okamoto) and HCV-RNA (RT-PCR) were also examined in these 11 patients. Anti-CP-9 was detected in 7 patients and HCV-RNA was detected in all 11 patients. Four of the 11 anti-c100-3-positive patients were positive for HBe antigen (HBeAg) and others were negative. In 8 of the 11 patients, HCV was suspected to be superinfected by blood transfusion. In HBeAg-positive patients, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was elevated in relation to active replication of HBV shown by DNA-polymerase activity. The histological findings showed chronic active hepatitis, with or without cirrhosis. On the other hand, in HBeAg-negative patients, SGPT fluctuated without evidence of active replication of HBV. Active inflammation in the liver was observed in 3 of 5 HBeAg-negative patients by liver biopsy. These findings suggest that HBV might play an important role in chronic active inflammation in HBeAg-positive patients coinfected with HCV, and that HCV might be responsible for continuous inflammation in HBeAg-negative patients coinfected with HCV.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Complete prevention of diabetes in transgenic NOD mice expressing I-E molecules.

Previously, we showed that transgenic expression of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II I-E molecules prevented insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice at the age of 19 weeks. To rule out the possibility that the I-E expression merely delays the onset of insulitis, we have further characterized the expression and function of the I-E molecule expressed in transgenic NOD mice and confirmed our previous observations. Northern blot analysis showed that the transgenic E alpha d gene was expressed in a pattern similar to the endogenous E alpha d gene in BALB/c mice. The newly expressed I-E molecules were recognized as an alloantigen by the T lymphocytes of normal NOD mice as shown by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Transgenic NOD mice were resistant to the treatment by cyclophosphamide, which effectively induces diabetes in normal NOD mice, and did not develop diabetes up to 40 weeks of age. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the role of I-E molecules in the prevention of diabetes in NOD mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Hepatitis C virus antibody titration in patients with chronic hepatitis C, before and after interferon treatment.

We measured hepatitis C virus antibody titers in 13 patients with chronic hepatitis C to determine whether titration of hepatitis C virus antibody was useful or not, to predict and evaluate the efficacy of interferon (IFN) treatment. During administration of IFN, hepatitis C virus titers declined in all patients. Antibody titers performed before treatment as well as just at the end of treatment did not correlate with change of the alanine aminotransferase levels during administration of IFN. Antibody titers declined continuously after treatment in 5 patients with normal alanine amino-transferase levels for over 6 months after discontinuation of IFN. Antibody titers rose again in 6 patients whose alanine aminotransferase levels fluctuated after treatment. An exceptional pattern of change occurred in 2 patients whose antibody titers declined continuously although their alanine aminotransferase levels fluctuated after treatment. Repeated titration of hepatitis C virus antibody appears to be useful for evaluating the long-term efficacy of IFN treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Four cases with intrafamilial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection.

Four hepatitis C patients with intrafamilial clustering of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are reported. Antibodies to C100-3 antigen, capsid protein of HCV and GOR epitope were tested to detect histories of HCV infection. Transmission of HCV from mother to children, from father to children, and from wife to husband was implicated. Of all family members studied, three were positive for all antibodies, one for only antibody to capsid protein, two for antibodies to capsid protein and GOR epitope but negative for antibody to C100-3 antigen and one vice versa.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

T cell receptor V gene usage of islet beta cell-reactive T cells is not restricted in non-obese diabetic mice.

Five islet-reactive T cell clones were established from islet-infiltrating T cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. All clones expressed CD4, but not CD8, and responded to islet cells from various strains of mice in the context of I-ANOD. They could induce insulitis when transferred into disease-resistant I-E+ transgenic NOD mice. The T cell receptor (TCR) sequences utilized by the clones were determined. Their usage of TCR V and J segments was not restricted but was rather diverse. One of the clones utilized V beta 16. The expression of V beta 16 was significantly reduced in I-E+ transgenic NOD, suggesting the possibility that the islet-reactive T cell clone expressing V beta 16 may be deleted or inactivated by I-E molecules. This clone might be one of the candidates that triggers insulitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Dissection of the cardinal ligament in radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer with emphasis on the lateral ligament.

Surgical experience with carcinomas of the uterus and rectum has provided new insights into the surgical anatomy of a lamina, which separates the paravesical space from the pararectal space. It has been proved that each of the lamina consists of the cardinal and lateral ligaments and pelvic splanchnic nerves, descending in the following order. The cardinal and lateral ligaments, as a connective stalk, insert into the lateral walls of the uterus and rectum extending from the inner aspect of the pelvic wall. Clarification of this structural relationship led to the development of a new procedure for the dissection of the cardinal ligament in radical hysterectomy, while still preserving the lateral ligament. This facilitated systematic dissection of the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments with posterior manipulation, leading to a reduction in blood loss and to prevention of brisk bleeding from the venous plexuses.

Dissection↗

PubMed1991

Allergic hepatitis in guinea pigs induced by 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl liver protein conjugate.

Experimental drug-induced allergic hepatitis was induced in guinea pigs which had been immunized to the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated liver protein first peak (TNP-LP1) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was elicited in the immunized animals by intradermal challenge with TNP-LP1. When TNP-LP1 was introduced into the liver via the mesenteric vein, allergic hepatitis was provoked. Histological examination of the liver revealed massive monocytic infiltration and focal hepatic necrosis in the periportal areas. Blood biochemical analysis showed increased levels of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and total bilirubin. TNP-modified hepatocytes were found to be effective as a challenge elicitor to the immunized animals to induce both DTH skin reaction and allergic hepatitis. In the latter case, the severity of the lesion was stronger than that observed by the challenge with TNP-LP1.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1990

Direct evidence for the contribution of the unique I-ANOD to the development of insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes into the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas (insulitis) followed by destruction of insulin-secreting beta-cells leading to overt diabetes. The best model for the disease is the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Two unusual features of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the NOD mouse are the absence of I-E and the presence of unique I-A molecules (I-ANOD), in which aspartic acid at position 57 of the beta-chain is replaced by serine. This feature is also found in the HLA-DQ chain of many Caucasians with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that the expression of I-E prevents the development of insulitis in NOD mouse. Here we report that the expression of I-Ak (A alpha kA beta k) in transgenic NOD mice can also prevent insulitis, and that this protection is seen not only when the I-A beta-chain has aspartic acid as residue 57, but also when this residue is serine. These results show that the single amino-acid substitution at position 57 of the I-A beta-chain from aspartic acid to serine is not sufficient for the development of the disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Craniosynostosis in an infant with an interstitial deletion of 15q [46,XY,del(15)(q15q22.1)].

An interstitial deletion of 15q [46,XY,del(15)(q15q22.1)] was found in a malformed infant with craniosynostosis. Although the parents had normal chromosomes, the study of heteromorphic markers of chromosome 15 showed that the deleted chromosome 15 was of paternal origin. The 2 previously reported cases with an interstitial deletion of the middle portion of 15q were not complicated with craniosynostosis, and their deleted region did not include 15q15 band. The deletion of chromosome band 15q15 might be responsible for craniosynostosis.

Chromosome Banding↗

PubMed1990

Immunoelectron microscopic observation of intrahepatic HBeAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Immune light and electron microscopic studies using monoclonal antibodies have been applied to localize HBeAg in liver biopsy specimens of 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Under the light microscope, HBeAg was demonstrated in nuclei, cytoplasm and on the cell surface of hepatocytes. The number of HBeAg-positive hepatocytes correlated well with the serum levels of HBeAg (enzyme immunoassay) and DNA-polymerase. Of 11 patients in whom high numbers of HBeAg-positive hepatocytes were found at the light microscopic level, HBeAg was also studied in hepatocytes at the electron microscopic level. The HBeAg in nuclei was either found as aggregates or dispersed diffusely. In the aggregates of HBeAg, the 27-nm core particles were frequently found. In addition, the antigen was found in the cytosol of some hepatocytes as amorphous mass and in some hepatocytes in the cisternae of perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi saccules. Occasionally the antigen was found on the membranes of the cell organelles and on the plasma membranes that faced the intercellular and the Disse spaces. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic HBeAg in hepatocytes may be ultrastructurally classified into two different patterns by its distribution, mainly in endoplasmic reticulum or in cytosol. The ratio varied between hepatocytes with these two types of patterns. The titer of serum HBeAg tended to be higher when the corresponding liver biopsy specimens contained more hepatocytes with HBeAg in endoplasmic reticulum than those with HBeAg in the cytosol.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Interstitial deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 4 associated with father-child incompatibility within the Gc-system: probable reduced gene dosage effect and partial piebald trait.

Gc-system typing by isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitative assays were carried out on a patient with a karyotype of 46,XY,del(4)(q12q21.1) and on his parents with normal chromosomes. Although a father-child incompatibility within the Gc-system suggested that its locus is on segment 4q12-13, the serum concentration of vitamin D binding protein in the patient and his father were only about half of that of his mother and control individuals. The possibility of interference of a silent allele in the child could not be excluded. Associated congenital partial leukodermia appeared to be an expression of a partial piebald trait.

Chromosome Banding↗

PubMed1989

Development of autoimmune insulitis is prevented in E alpha d but not in A beta k NOD transgenic mice.

Two lines of E alpha d-expressing NOD mice were established by continuously backcrossing [E alpha d B6 transgenic mice x NOD] F1 to parental NOD or directly microinjecting the E alpha d gene into fertilized NOD eggs. Similarly, A beta k-expressing transgenic NOD mice were produced. Subsequent histological examination of pancreatic tissues revealed that autoimmune insulitis was prevented in E alpha d backcross and transgenic mice but not in A beta k transgenic mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Effect of high-dose cyclophosphamide plus high-dose etoposide in malignant brain tumors of children followed by autologous bone marrow rescue].

Four pediatric patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with very high-dose etoposide plus very high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-VP 16/CPM) followed by autologous bone marrow rescue. There were two brain stem gliomas, which were refractory to radiation therapy, ACNC, and beta-interferon and two relapsed malignant brain tumors. Both of the two with brain stem gliomas achieved response, one with clinical improvement and decrease of tumor size on CT scanning, the other with clinical improvement. Overall response duration was three months and nine months. Two patients with relapsed brain tumors received HD-VP 16/CPM as adjuvant chemotherapy. Low but significant levels of VP 16 and CPM were detected in CSF. Further investigation of HD-VP 16/CPM is needed as a chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors in children.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1989

[A case of focal fatty liver difficult to distinguish from the liver metastasis of rectal cancer on CT].

The CT findings of focal fatty liver were previously described as follows, 1) nonspherical shape, 2) indistinct border, 3) absence of mass effect and 4) subsegmental appearance. We presented a case of focal fatty liver with spherical shape and distinct border, resembling the findings of liver tumor. In this case we could not rule out the liver metastasis from rectal cancer to the end. CT value and follow up examination are very useful to establish the proper diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989