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H Noddeland

Publications and source records attributed to H Noddeland.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Turnover rate of interstitial albumin in rat skin and skeletal muscle. Effects of limb movements and motor activity.

Fractional removal rate (FRR) of radioactive-labelled human serum albumin (I-HSA) injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly was determined by external gamma-detecting equipment. Radioactivity over the injection site fell monoexponentially during registration periods up to 6 h. The FRR was calculated as the turnover rate constant of the radioactivity removal. The FRR fell into one of two ranges: in anaesthetized rats FRR was 0.02-0.03 h-1, and in awake and freely moving rats FRR was 0.08-0.11 h-1. In awake rats, FRR was similar during day and night (spontaneous motor activity is four times higher during the night). Passive limb movements at 1 Hz in anaesthesia increased FRR in skin to that in awake rats, while FRR in skeletal muscle was unchanged. Immobilization resulted in FRR similar to that in anaesthesia. Interstitial albumin mass did not change during 6 h of anaesthesia. It is concluded that the observed FRR reflects steady state changes in albumin turnover. In the awake and freely moving rats at least 3/4 of the removal of albumin is by the lymphatics. Calculated lymph flow was 10 microliters g-1 h-1 and 40 microliters g-1 h-1 in skeletal muscle and skin respectively with corresponding figures during anaesthesia of 3 microliters g-1 h-1 and 10 microliters g-1 h-1 respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Interstitial colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in human subcutaneous tissue during early stages of heart failure.

Subcutaneous oedema is a common finding in heart failure. However, some patients have reduced cardiac pump function without oedema. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local mechanisms in subcutaneous tissue contribute to oedema prevention. A reduction in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (pii) and a rise in interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) will both counteract a rise in capillary filtration caused by heart failure. Cardiac catheterization was done in 22 angina pectoris patients without visible oedema. Two days later pii was measured with a wick method and Pi was measured with a wick-in-needle method. Both parameters were measured in subcutaneous tissue on thorax at heart level and on the ankle. Plasma volume was determined by 125I-albumin and extracellular volume measured with 35SO4. Parameters of cardiac pump function ranged from normal to clearly pathological values. Mean pii was 13.0 mmHg on thorax and 8.3 mmHg on the ankle. Pi averaged -2.1 mmHg on thorax and -1.5 mmHg on the ankle. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) correlations were found between pii on thorax and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (rs -0.40) and pii on thorax and cardiac index (rs 0.42). Pi was positively correlated to right atrial pressure (rs 0.50). Body fluid volumes were normal or moderately reduced. The study shows that a reduction in cardiac pump function is associated with a reduction in pii and a rise in Pi. These changes may help to prevent oedema formation in the early stages of heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interstitial fluid volume, plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in subcutaneous interstitial fluid (IIi) (wick technique), plasma volume (PV) and interstitial fluid volume (IFV) were measured in nephrotic patients (n = 11) and in healthy controls. Six of the patients were treated with ultrafiltration and the parameters were measured before and after withdrawal of mean 7460 ml (total ultrafiltrate in two sessions). In the nephrotic patients mean IIp was 11.6 mmHg and IIi was 3.9 mmHg compared to 28.6 mmHg and 15.8 mmHg, respectively, in healthy controls. PV was in the normal-to-high range and IFV was increased to 150% of the valued in controls. No statistically significant change in PV, IIp or IIi was found after ultrafiltration, and IFV was reduced by 20%. The results indicate that reduction in IIi is an important oedema-preventing factor and that the reduction in interstitial protein mass is more than proportional compared to the degree of hypoproteinaemia. Ultrafiltration in the rate and magnitude we have used, leads to reduction in IFV, but small changes in PV, IIp or IIi.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A telemetric technique for studies of venous pressure in the human leg during different positions and activities.

The pressure in the saphenous vein of the lower leg was monitored by ordinary ECG telemetry equipment supplied with a pressure transducer, a chopper and an extra filter. In eight healthy volunteers venous pressure averaged 80 +/- 5 (SD) mmHg in the standing position and 21 +/- 10 (SD) mmHg during slow walking. When the subjects were occupied with laboratory work in upright position the mean venous pressure was 40-50 mmHg, similar to that obtained sitting at a desk: 48 +/- 5 (SD) mmHg.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Interstitial fluid pressure in human skin measured by micropuncture and wick-in-needle.

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) has been measured in human skin by micropipettes (tip diam. 2-4 micron) and compared to pressures obtained by wick-in-needle technique. The micropipettes were connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system (Wiederhielm) and were introduced into the skin distally at the dorsum of the fifth finger after immobilization of the upper extremity. The wick-in-needle was introduced at the dorsum of the hand. With the finger at heart level and at a room temperature of 24 +/- 1 degree C, the mean Pi measured by micropuncture was -3.1 mmHg (range -5 to -0.5 mmHg), while the corresponding mean Pi measured with wick-in-needle was 0.0 mmHg (range -1.7 to +3 mmHg). During venous stasis Pi increased as measured by both methods, but the increase recorded by micropuncture was largest. It is concluded that the wick-in-needle probably overestimates Pi in the normally hydrated human skin of the hand due to inflammation at the implantation site, and that the overestimation diminishes as tissue hydration increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Colloid osmotic pressure of human subcutaneous interstitial fluid sampled by nylon wicks: evaluation of the method.

Interstitial fluid was collected from human subcutaneous tissue by implantation of multifilamentous nylon wicks on the side of thorax. The skin was anaesthetized by a small injection of lidocaine. Direct measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in a control group of 20 healthy volunteers gave a mean of 15.8 (SD 2.3) mmHg in wick fluid and 26.9 (SD 4.1) mmHg in serum samples. Standard deviation of the method for wick fluid samples was 1.2 mmHg. Significant blood contamination occurred in less than 20% of the wicks. Fluid content in wicks varied within narrow limits independent of its colloid osmotic pressure. The dynamics of wick fluid protein uptake was studied by uptake of 131I albumin from plasma, and by measurement of colloid osmotic pressure after 30, 60, 120 and 180 min of implantation. The results showed an initial rapid uptake from plasma of a major part of the wick fluid proteins within 30 min. After 120 min wick fluid colloid osmotic pressure reached the same level whether the wicks were 'primed' with serum proteins or not. Altogether these observations support the view that wick fluid reflects interstitial tissue fluid with respect to colloid osmotic pressure when the wicks are implanted for 60 min.

Colloids↗
PubMed1982

Influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in human subcutaneous tissue.

Capillary pressure in the human circulation varies within a wide range depending on the height difference between the capillary and the heart. To study the influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in subcutaneous tissue, 28 healthy volunteers were examined. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (IIi) was measured in fluid collected by implantation of multi-filamentous nylon wicks. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) was measured by a 'wick-in-needle' method. Samples for determination of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (IIp) were obtained by venipuncture. In the upright position IIi was 15.2 (SD 2.1) mmHg on the thorax and 10.4 (SD 2.1) mmHg at the ankle. Similar values were obtained in subjects examined after 2 h in a horizontal position. During sustained rest in bed (40 h) IIi on thorax was practically unchanged, while IIi at the ankle rose from 10.1 (SD 2.9) mmHg to 12.2 (SD 2.8) mmHg. Pi averaged -1.3 (SD 1.6) mmHg on the thorax and -0.4 (SD 2.5) mmHg at the ankle, but the difference was not statistically significant. Altogether the body-posture dependent variations in IIi and Pi are small, and can compensate for only a fraction of the changes in capillary pressure.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in subcutaneous tissue of patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue (IIi) was measured in 13 patients with nephrotic syndrome and in 20 healthy volunteers. Interstitial fluid was sampled by nylon wicks, and interstitial fluid pressure was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. In the persons with normal plasma proteins we found a mean IIp of 26.9 mmHg, a mean IIi of 15.8 mmHg on the thorax, and a mean IIi of 11.1 mmHg on the lower leg. A fall of IIp from normal values to 16.5 mmHg caused a fall in IIi of about 8 mmHg on the thorax and about 7 mmHg on the leg without oedema formation. In patients with IIp from 16.0 mmHg down to 8.0 mmHg, IIi did not change very much, and was about 5.5 mmHg on the thorax and 2.6 mmHg on the leg. These results support the view that reduction of IIi plays an important role as an oedema preventing factor in patients with hypoproteinaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure in venous blood from the human foot in orthostasis.

Several theories could explain the slow rate of edema formation in the feet of sitting or standing man. One possible mechanism is a rise in local plasma colloid osmotic pressure (pi p). We measured pi p in blood from superficial veins of warm and cold feet during orthostasis. The difference in venous pi p between the foot and the arm averaged 12.8 mmHg (range 9.4-16.1 mmHg) in subjects sitting in a cold room. Hemoconcentration was also reflected as increased hematocrit. These findings support the view that a local increase of pi p in foot capillaries contributes considerably to edema prevention during orthostasis.

Adult↗