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Biomedical subjects

H Nose

Publications and source records attributed to H Nose.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A phase 2 study of cisplatin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

A phase 2 study of cisplatin was performed in 28 previously untreated patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The drug was given intravenously at a dose of 80 mg/m2/day every 4 weeks. Of 26 patients evaluated, 4 (15.4%) showed partial responses lasting for > 3 months, while no patient achieved a complete response. Of 22 patients whose serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was high (> 400 ng/ml) before treatment, 6 (27.3%) showed a > 50% reduction in serum AFP levels after treatment. The current study indicates that cisplatin is an anticancer agent worthy of further testing in patients with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Follow-up examination schedule of postoperative HCC patients based on tumor volume doubling time.

The tumor volume doubling time of 27 recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma nodules measuring < or = 2.0 cm in diameter discovered after hepatectomy in 19 patients was analyzed by ultrasonography for 31 to 331 days. The tumor volume doubling time ranged from 39 to 420 days before specific treatment, with a mean of 112 days and a median of 80 days. It correlated with age and intrahepatic site of recurrence, which was sometimes the same lobe as that of the prior hepatocellular carcinoma, sometimes not. The tumor volume doubling time also tended to correlate with hepatitis C antibody status and initial tumor diameter. The tumor volume doubling time was, however, independent of sex, hepatitis B surface antigen status, number of recurrent tumors, initial serum alpha-fetoprotein level, interval between hepatectomy and recurrence detection, and associated liver disease. On the basis of the shortest tumor volume doubling time of the recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, we recommend that US and/or CT be performed at least every four months to screen for small recurrent carcinomas in postoperative patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Sensitive detection of K-ras oncogene codon 12 mutations by nested PCR using mismatched primers and selective digestion of non-mutated PCR fragments with restriction enzyme].

Sensitive detection of K-ras oncogene mutation at codon 12 using nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with mismatched primers combined with selective digestion of nonmutated DNA fragments after the first PCR amplification was reported by Levi S, et al. (Cancer Res 51:3497-3502, 1991). We examined the usefulness of this novel technique in cell lines carrying various K-ras codon 12 mutations and clinical samples such as colon carcinoma tissue, corresponding normal colonic mucosa and pancreatic juice obtained from the patients with pancreatic carcinoma undergoing endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). In analysis of tumor cell lines carrying mutated K-ras at codon 12, the fragment length of the amplified DNA was 135 bp after digestion using restriction enzyme BstN1, whereas those of nonmutated cell lines were 106 bp. This method was highly sensitive to detect mutant DNA diluted at a ratio of 2048 fold with normal DNA samples obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes. In analysis of clinical samples, 4 out of 10 colorectal carcinoma tissues were positive for K-ras gene mutation at codon 12, however, no mutations were detected in corresponding normal colonic mucosa. In analysis of pancreatic juice taken from the patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 1 out of 3 samples were positive for K-ras mutation at codon 12. Thus, this novel approach was thought to be useful for detection of minimum number of cancer cells from compound samples containing larger amounts of normal cells.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Liver abscess after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report.

We present a case of liver abscess after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) therapy for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The 56-year-old woman had a past history of cholecystoduodenostomy for cogenital dilatation of the bile duct, and pneumobilia was observed in the intrahepatic bile ducts prior to PEI. The abscess was successfully treated by percutaneous abscess drainage and antibiotic therapy. Klebsiella pneumonia, one of the most common causative organisms of biliary tract infection, was isolated from the abscess. Thus, biliary tract infection related to the previous biliary-enteric anastomosis operation may have been one of the causative factors in the liver abscess in this patient. The rare experience reported here suggests that a careful search for coexistent abscess at the time of PEI is important in HCC patients with biliary-enteric anastomosis, especially in those with pneumobilia.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1992

Prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy.

A total of 71 consecutive patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively to determine the significant prognostic factors. All the patients received systemic chemotherapy in a phase 2 study from 1980 to 1990, with no other anticancer treatment. Median survival time and 1-yr and 2-yr survival rates were 5.6 mo, 23% and 5%, respectively. By the univariate analysis, a performance status of 0-1 and tumor size less than 50% of the liver cross-sectional area were shown to be the factors most significantly favoring a better prognosis. By the multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, a performance status of 0-1 (p less than 0.001), absence of tumor thrombus in the main portal trunk (p = 0.003) and age less than 60 yr (p = 0.036) were independent favorable prognostic factors. A prognostic index was calculated from these three factors according to the following equation: 1.8109 x (0 = performance status of 0-1 and 1 = performance status of 2-3) + 0.9322 x (0 = tumor thrombus absent in the main portal trunk and 1 = present) + 0.6996 x (0 = age less than 60 yr and 1 = age greater than or equal to 60 yr). This index was used to classify the patients into three groups with a good, intermediate and poor prognosis. The median survival times for these three groups were 9.8, 3.8 and 1.9 mo, respectively (p less than 0.01). The results of this study may be useful in the design and analysis of future clinical trials of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

p53 gene mutations in gastric and esophageal cancers.

The presence of point mutation of the p53 gene in exons 5, 6, 7, and 8 was examined in 10 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction and direct nucleotide sequencing. Mutations of the p53 gene were found in 5 cases of gastric cancer and 4 cases of esophageal cancer. The mutations in the stomach cancers consisted of four missence mutations (exons 5 and 8) and one frame shift (exon 7). In the esophageal cancers, three missence mutations (exons 6, 7, and 8) and one point mutation within the splice donor site of intron 5 were found. Of the seven missence mutations in the two cancers, five showed the transition from G to A and two from G to T. All these changes occurred in the highly conserved region of the p53 protein. These results suggest that mutations of the p53 gene are genetic events in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changes in Na concentration in cerebrospinal fluid during acute hypernatremia and their effect on drinking in juvenile rats.

To clarify if there are age-related differences in osmoreception, we measured changes in Na concentration in cerebrospinal fluid ([Na]csf) during and after acute hypernatremia in juvenile (JR) and adult rats (AR). The Na concentrations in plasma ([Na]pl) and [Na]csf were measured during intravenous infusion of 1 M NaCl solution (INF, 0.2 ml/100 g body wt. for 10 min) and for 20 min thereafter in anesthetized rats. To measure [Na]pl, a flow-through Na-sensitive electrode was placed in an extracorporeal shunt from a carotid artery to a jugular vein, and to measure [Na]csf, a Na-sensitive electrode was placed in the right lateral ventricle. There was a linear relationship between delta[Na]pl and delta[Na]csf during INF. The slope of delta[Na]pl vs. delta[Na]csf was 0.42 +/- 0.03 (n = 7) in JR, which was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in AR (0.23 +/- 0.04, n = 6). We also measured water intake during and after INF of the same amount of 1 M NaCl solution in conscious JR (n = 6) and AR (n = 6). The JR drank 1.93 +/- 0.22 ml/100 g body wt. of water within 30 min of the start of INF, which was significantly more (p less than 0.05) than AR drank (1.20 +/- 0.13 ml/100 g body wt.). These results indicate that the movement of Na or water, or both, between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in acute hypernatremia is greater in JR, and that the osmoreceptors in JR are more sensitive than those in AR.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism underlying the changes in plasma potassium concentration during infusion of isosmotic nonelectrolyte solution.

Generally, during infusion of an isosmotic nonelectrolyte solution that permeates the cell membrane, plasma K+ concentration ([K+]pl) either does not change or it increases slightly. The mechanism underlying this [K+]pl change has not been clarified. We continuously monitored the [K+]pl and plasma Na+ concentration ([Na+]pl) for 10 min during isosmotic mannitol infusion of 1.6 ml/100 g body weight in rats with intact kidney function (intact mannitol group). In addition, in nephrectomized rats, we compared the [K+]pl change during infusion with isosmotic mannitol (which permeates the cell membrane; mannitol nephrectomized group) with that during infusion with isosmotic sucrose (which does not permeate the cell membrane; sucrose nephrectomized group) to evaluate the effect of cell volume regulation. In the intact mannitol group, [Na+]pl decreased with dilution, and [K+]pl remained relatively constant. In the sucrose nephrectomized group, [K+]pl decreased by the same percentage as [Na+]pl and gradually increased to greater than the control level. In the mannitol nephrectomized group, however, [K+]pl increased immediately after the beginning of the infusion and reached the same level as that in the sucrose nephrectomized group. To confirm that the difference in [K+]pl between the mannitol and sucrose nephrectomized groups was dependent on cell volume regulation, we investigated the changes in mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells, using a Coulter counter. This value remained constant during isosmotic sucrose infusion but increased during isosmotic mannitol infusion, returning to the original volume after the infusion. We kept [HCO3-] and pH constant throughout the experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Continuous measurement of Na concentration in CSF during gastric water infusion in dehydrated rats.

To assess the differential stimulus to central and intravascular osmoreceptors during recovery from thermal dehydration, we measured Na concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid ([Na]CSF) and plasma ([Na]p) continuously and compared these during simulated drinking by gastric water infusion (INF) in euhydrated and thermally dehydrated rats under anesthesia. Continuous measurement of [Na]CSF was obtained with a double-barreled Na electrode placed in the lateral ventricle. Continuous measurement of [Na]p was obtained from a flow cell Na electrode in an extracorporeal shunt. Measurements were made during 10 min of INF (2.5 ml/100 g body wt) into the stomach and during 20 min of recovery. Changes in [Na]CSF always lagged behind those in [Na]p and were quantitatively smaller after INF. The decrease in [Na]CSF occurred sooner in dehydrated than in euhydrated rats in response to the decrease in [Na]p (P < 0.01). These results suggest that water and/or Na movement between blood and CSF is accelerated during restitution from thermal dehydration, acting to prevent overhydration during the early phase of rehydration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Radiotherapy for bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiotherapeutic effects of 42 bone metastases in 26 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed. Pain relief was observed in 79% of 37 bone metastases treated (29/37). Antitumor effects and improvement of paralysis were also observed in 88% (8/9) and 17% (1/6), respectively. The toxicities experienced were tolerable. Radiotherapy was an effective means of palliation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Water and electrolyte balance in the vascular space during graded exercise in humans.

We analyzed the changes in water content and electrolyte concentrations in the vascular space during graded exercise of short duration. Six male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer at 20 degrees C (relative humidity = 30%) as exercise intensity was increased stepwise until voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples were collected at exercise intensities of 29, 56, 70, and 95% of maximum aerobic power (VO2max). A curvilinear relationship between exercise intensity and Na+ concentration in plasma ([Na+]p) was observed. [Na+]p significantly increased at 70% VO2max and at 95% VO2max was approximately 8 meq/kgH2O higher than control. The change in lactate concentration in plasma ([Lac-]p) was closely correlated with the change in [Na+]p (delta[Na+]p = 0.687 delta[Lac-]p + 1.79, r = 0.99). The change in [Lac-]p was also inversely correlated with the change in HCO3- concentration in plasma (delta[HCO3-]p = -0.761 delta[Lac-]p + 0.22, r = -1.00). At an exercise intensity of 95% VO2max, 60% of the increase in plasma osmolality (Posmol) was accounted for by an increase in [Na+]p. These results suggest that lactic acid released into the vascular space from active skeletal muscles reacts with [HCO3-]p to produce CO2 gas and Lac-. The data raise the intriguing notion that increase in [Na+]p during exercise may be caused by elevated Lac-.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of saline infusion during exercise on thermal and circulatory regulations.

To quantify the effect of an acute increase in plasma volume (PV) on forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate (HR), and esophageal temperature (Tes) during exercise, we studied six male volunteers who exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of maximal aerobic power for 50 min in a warm [(W), 30 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity (rh)] or cool environment [(C), 22 degrees C, less than 30% rh] with isotonic saline infusion [Inf(+)] or without infusion [Inf(-)]. The infusion was performed at a constant rate of 0.29 ml.kg body wt-1.min-1 for 20-50 min of exercise to mimic fluid intake during exercise. PV decreased by approximately 5 ml/kg body wt within the first 10 min of exercise in all protocols. Therefore, PV in Inf(-) was maintained at the same reduced level by 50 min of exercise in both ambient temperatures, whereas PV in Inf(+) increased toward the preexercise level and recovered approximately 4.5 ml/kg body wt by 50 min in both temperatures. The restoration of PV during exercise suppressed the HR increase by 6 beats/min at 50 min of exercise in W; however, infusion had no effect on HR in C. In W, FBF in Inf(+) continued to increase linearly as Tes rose to 38.1 degrees C by the end of exercise, whereas FBF in Inf(-) plateaued when Tes reached approximately 37.7 degrees C. The infusion in C had only a minor effect on FBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Control of total peripheral resistance during hyperthermia in rats.

To elucidate the effect of blood volume on the circulatory adjustment to heat stress, we studied alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats at three levels of blood volume: normovolemia (NBV), hypervolemia (HBV; +32% plasma volume by isotonic albumin solution infusion), and hypovolemia (LBV; -16% plasma volume by furosemide administration). Body surface heating was performed with an infrared lamp to raise arterial blood temperature (Tb) at the rate of approximately 0.1 degree C/min. Before heating, central venous pressure (CVP) was significantly higher in HBV (0.41 +/- 0.25 mmHg) and lower in LBV (-1.44 +/- 0.22 mmHg) than in NBV (-0.41 +/- 0.10 mmHg). The Tb at which CVP started to decrease was approximately 40 degrees C in HBV, approximately 41 degrees C in NBV, and approximately 42 degrees C in LBV, and it decreased by 1.53 +/- 0.14, 1.92 +/- 0.24, and 0.62 +/- 0.14 mmHg from 37 to 43 degrees C of Tb in HBV, NBV, and LBV, respectively. Stroke volume was closely correlated with CVP, and this relationship was not affected by Tb. Heart rate responses to the raised Tb were similar among the three groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not affected by blood volume modification or CVP and was maintained at preheating (Tb 37 degrees C) level until Tb rose to 40 degrees C. Above this Tb, MAP increased until Tb reached 43 degrees C (+30-40 mmHg) for all three groups. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was inversely correlated with CVP, and the slope of the linear relationship between TPR and CVP in LBV was three- to fourfold steeper than in NBV or HBV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Difference in rehydration process due to salt concentration of drinking water in rats.

Albino rats were thermally dehydrated (approximately 8% of body wt), divided into five groups, and given tap water or 0.2, 0.45, 0.9, or 2.0% NaCl solution ad libitum for 16 h. Rats given 0.9 or 0.45% NaCl solution regained fluid loss completely in 3-3.5 h, whereas those given 0.2% solution became fully rehydrated at 10 h. The rats in the tap water and 2.0% NaCl groups were only 78 and 59% rehydrated, respectively, within 16 h. Na balance was positive in the 0.9% NaCl group by about five times the amount of the cations lost during the dehydration period. A positive balance of Na was also observed in the 0.45 (approximately 250%) and 2.0% NaCl groups (300%), whereas the 0.2% NaCl group regained lost water and Na simultaneously at 10 h. With tap water, additional loss of cations was observed. These findings show that for the replacement of water due to thermal dehydration there is a range of NaCl concentration with which the rats can rehydrate with the mutual cooperation of thirst, salt appetite, and kidney function.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans.

To investigate the influence of [Na+] in sweat on the distribution of body water during dehydration, we studied 10 volunteer subjects who exercised (40% of maximal aerobic power) in the heat [36 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity (rh)] for 90-110 min to produce a dehydration of 2.3% body wt (delta TW). After dehydration, the subjects rested for 1 h in a thermoneutral environment (28 degrees C, less than 30% rh), after which time the changes in the body fluid compartments were assessed. We measured plasma volume, plasma osmolality, and [Na+], [K+], and [Cl-] in plasma, together with sweat and urine volumes and their ionic concentrations before and after dehydration. The change in the extracellular fluid space (delta ECF) was estimated from chloride distribution and the change in the intracellular fluid space (delta ICF) was calculated by subtracting delta ECF from delta TW. The decrease in the ICF space was correlated with the increase in plasma osmolality (r = -0.74, P less than 0.02). The increase in plasma osmolality was a function of the loss of free water (delta FW), estimated from the equation delta FW = delta TW - (loss of osmotically active substance in sweat and urine)/(control plasma osmolality) (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01). Free water loss, which is analogous to "free water clearance" in renal function, showed a strongly inverse correlation with [Na+] in sweat (r = -0.97, P less than 0.001). Fluid movement out of the ICF space attenuated the decrease in the ECF space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans.

To determine how the sodium content of ingested fluids affects drinking and the restoration of the body fluid compartments after dehydration, we studied six subjects during 4 h of recovery from 90-110 min of a heat [36 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity (rh)] and exercise (40% maximal aerobic power) exposure, which caused body weight to decrease by 2.3%. During the 1st h, subjects rested seated without any fluids in a thermoneutral environment (28 degrees C, less than 30% rh) to allow the body fluid compartments to stabilize. Over the next 3 h, subjects rehydrated ad libitum using tap water and capsules containing either placebo (H2O-R) or 0.45 g NaCl (Na-R) per 100 ml water. During the 3-h rehydration period, subjects restored 68% of the lost water during H2O-R, whereas they restored 82% during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Urine volume was greater in H2O-R than in Na-R; thus only 51% of the lost water was retained during H2O-R, whereas 71% was retained during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality was elevated throughout the rehydration period in Na-R, whereas it returned to the control level by 30 min in H2O-R (P less than 0.05). Changes in free water clearance followed changes in plasma osmolality. The restoration of plasma volume during Na-R was 174% of that lost. During H2O-R it was 78%, which seemed to be sufficient to diminish volume-dependent dipsogenic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Involvement of sodium retention hormones during rehydration in humans.

We investigated the relation between involuntary dehydration and the mechanisms affecting Na+ retention in the body, focusing on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Six adult males were dehydrated to 2.3% of their body weight by an exercise-heat regimen, followed by rehydration (180 min) with tap water (H2O-R) or 0.45% NaCl solution (Na-R). We measured plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels (PA) before dehydration (control), after dehydration, and at 60, 120, and 180 min of rehydration. During the 3-h rehydration period, subjects, restored 51% of the water lost during H2O-R and 71% during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Plasma volume was reduced by an average of 4.5% after dehydration. After 180 min of rehydration, plasma volume restoration during Na-R was to 174% of that lost, and during H2O-R it was to 78% of that lost. We found significant correlations between the change in plasma volume and PRA (r = -0.70, P less than 0.001) and between PRA and PA (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001). In both recovery conditions, PRA increased significantly after dehydration (P less than 0.05) and decreased almost to the control level by 180 min of rehydration, at which time the plasma volume deficit was restored. The change in PA paralleled that in PRA. The rate of sodium excretion was correlated with PA levels in both groups (r = -0.58, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗