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Biomedical subjects

H O Fadnes

Publications and source records attributed to H O Fadnes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Evidence for altered transcapillary fluid balance in women with the premenstrual syndrome.

Redistribution of body fluids has been suggested as a possible pathophysiological mechanism for the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). To elucidate this hypothesis, transcapillary fluid balance was studied in ten women with well defined PMS. Wick-methods were used for measuring colloid osmotic and hydrostatic interstitial pressures on the thorax and on the leg. The capillary filtration coefficient was measured by strain gauge plethysmography. From the follicular to the luteal phase the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure on the leg was significantly reduced (mean 3.6 mm Hg, p = 0.005), whereas the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure on the thorax remained constant. The capillary filtration coefficient increased 30% (mean 5.3 x 10(-4) ml/min/100 gm/mm Hg, p = 0.04) from the follicular to the luteal phase. No change was observed in body weight. These findings indicate an instability of vascular regulation in women with premenstrual syndrome, and lend support to the hypothesis that redistribution of fluid, rather than water retention, is responsible for the subjective symptoms such as bloatedness, in the premenstrual syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transcapillary fluid dynamics during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.

Transcapillary fluid dynamics were studied in 10 women during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. The examinations were done on the first day of stimulation (day 3 of the menstrual cycle, mean serum estradiol concentration 0.2 nmol/L), and the day before oocyte aspiration (day 10 to 12, mean serum estradiol concentration 6.8 nmol/L). Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was measured on the thorax at heart level by the "wick" method, and interstitial hydrostatic pressure by the "wick-in-needle" method. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreased (mean, 2.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.002) and interstitial colloid osmotic pressure increased (mean, 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.02) during hormonal stimulation. This implies a reduced transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient (plasma colloid osmotic pressure--interstitial colloid osmotic pressure), probably because of increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly reduced, and body weight and foot volume significantly increased. These results demonstrate that during ovarian stimulation there are both water retention and augmented filtration of fluid from the vascular to the interstitial compartment. This may be of significance for the pathophysiologic condition in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Transcapillary fluid dynamics during the menstrual cycle.

Transcapillary fluid dynamics in the follicular and luteal phase in women without symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were studied. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was measured by the "wick" method and interstitial hydrostatic pressure by the "wick-in-needle" method in subcutaneous tissue on the thorax and ankle. From follicular to luteal phase, the following changes were observed: Colloid osmotic pressures were significantly reduced, both in plasma (mean 2.5 mm Hg) and in the interstitium (thorax mean 1.9 mm Hg and ankle mean 2.0 mm Hg). The interstitial hydrostatic pressures did not change. There were no significant changes in serum albumin, hemoglobin, or hematocrit. A slight, but significant, weight gain was observed (mean 0.7 kg). The reduced plasma and interstitial colloid osmotic pressures in the luteal phase may be due to water retention, but the observed reductions in colloid osmotic pressures are probably not fully explained by simple dilution. A reduction in total protein mass in the luteal phase is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transcapillary fluid balance in pre-eclampsia.

The fluid transport between the plasma and interstitial fluid compartment is governed by the Starling forces, i.e. the capillary pressure (Pc), interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) and colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPp) and interstitial fluid (COPi). Interstitial fluid was collected from subcutaneous tissue on the thorax and ankle by implanted wicks and Pi was measured using the 'wick-in-needle' technique. In pre-eclampsia, COPp is reduced due to hypoproteinaemia and this predisposes towards loss of fluid from the vascular compartment. An important oedema-preventing mechanism is reduction of COPi, which serves as a homeostatic buffer against increased capillary filtration. This mechanism works in moderate, but not in severe pre-eclampsia. A higher COPi was found both at the thorax (8.3 vs 7.0 mmHg) and ankle (5.9 vs 3.9 mmHg) in the group with severe pre-eclampsia compared with the group moderate pre-eclampsia, in spite of a significant reduction in COPp (15.5 vs 19.9 mmHg). These findings suggest that an increased microvascular permeability of plasma proteins to subcutaneous tissue contributes to COPp reduction in severe pre-eclampsia.

Blood↗
PubMed1986

A study on oedema mechanism in nephrotic syndrome.

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPp) and interstitial fluid (COPi), plasma volume (PV) and interstitial fluid volume (IFV) were measured in 14 patients with hypoproteinaemia due to glomerulonephritis and in five healthy controls. In controls, COPp averaged 24.2 mmHg and COPi 12.0 mmHg. In patients with COPp above 12 mmHg, COPi was reduced nearly identical to the fall in COPp. The transcapillary COP gradient (COPp-COPi) was maintained, and PV and IFV were unchanged. When COPp was reduced below 12 mmHg, the transcapillary COP gradient was decreased. Both IFV increased and renal fluid retention occurred. This study demonstrates the relationship between COPp, transcapillary fluid transport, and renal fluid retention in nephrotic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Oedema-preventing mechanisms in subcutaneous tissue of normal pregnant women.

Fluid transport between the plasma and interstitial fluid compartment is governed by the Starling forces, i.e. the capillary pressure (Pc), interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) and colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPp) and interstitial fluid (COPi). The COPp, COPi and Pi were measured in 10 normal pregnant women in the first and 10 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Interstitial fluid was collected from subcutaneous tissue by implanted wicks and Pi was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. The COPp was reduced from 23.2 mmHg in the first trimester to 21.1 mmHg in the third trimester. Concomitantly, COPi decreased from 13.1 to 8.4 mmHg on the thorax and from 9.6 to 5.5 mmHg at the ankle. Only small changes in Pi were observed. The more marked fall in COPi than in COPp indicates that a rise in Pc, in addition to hypoproteinaemia, contributes to increased capillary fluid filtration in pregnancy. The reduction in COPi opposes the increased filtration and thereby prevents a rise in interstitial fluid volume and oedema formation. These physiological changes imply a reduced safety margin against oedema formation in late pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Meningococcal septicaemia treated with combined plasmapheresis and leucapheresis or with blood exchange.

Mortality among patients suffering from meningococcal septicaemia has reached nearly 50% in parts of northern Norway despite intensive care. The activation of complement and blood cells by endotoxin is assumed to be the cause of most of the associated pathophysiological changes. Consequently, it would seem logical to remove such constituents either by combined plasmapheresis and leucapheresis or by blood exchange in patients with a fatal prognosis. Three patients were treated with plasmapheresis and leucapheresis and one with blood exchange. All recovered without sequelae, and no complications or serious problems caused by these procedures were observed. It is concluded that either combined leucapheresis and plasmapheresis or blood exchange is well tolerated and a valuable supplement to conventional intensive care in fulminant meningococcal septicaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in subcutaneous tissue of patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue (IIi) was measured in 13 patients with nephrotic syndrome and in 20 healthy volunteers. Interstitial fluid was sampled by nylon wicks, and interstitial fluid pressure was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. In the persons with normal plasma proteins we found a mean IIp of 26.9 mmHg, a mean IIi of 15.8 mmHg on the thorax, and a mean IIi of 11.1 mmHg on the lower leg. A fall of IIp from normal values to 16.5 mmHg caused a fall in IIi of about 8 mmHg on the thorax and about 7 mmHg on the leg without oedema formation. In patients with IIp from 16.0 mmHg down to 8.0 mmHg, IIi did not change very much, and was about 5.5 mmHg on the thorax and 2.6 mmHg on the leg. These results support the view that reduction of IIi plays an important role as an oedema preventing factor in patients with hypoproteinaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of increased venous pressure on the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure in subcutaneous interstitial fluid in rats: edema-preventing mechanisms.

The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effect of a rise in local venous pressure pressure (Pv) on interstitial fluid hydrostatic (Pi) and colloid osmotic pressure (COPi) in rats. The Pv of the hind limb was increased by ligating the iliac veins and the inferior caval vein. Interstitial fluid for protein and COP determination was sampled from subcutaneous tissue of the hind limbs by a wick technique, and the Pi was measured by a modified Scholander technique. When the Pv was increased from 3 to 12 mm Hg, the COPi fell from 9 to 4 mm Hg. The Pi averaged -1 mm Hg under control conditions and was unchanged when the Pv was elevated to 12 mm Hg. No edema was detected. Higher rises in venous pressures resulted in further but less pronounced falls in interstitial fluid COP. Edema developed and the Pi increased to +1 to 2mm Hg. The results show that the fall in COPi is an important edema-preventing factor during increased venous pressure, whereas a rise in Pi only seems to oppose further increase of an already existing edema.

Albumins↗
PubMed1975

Protein concentration and hydrostatic pressure in subcutaneous tissue of rats in hypoproteinemia.

Protein concentration and hydrostatic pressure were measured in subcutaneous tissue of rats during development of aminonucleoside nephrosis. Samples of interstitial fluid for protein analysis were collected from subcutaneous tissue by a wick method, and hydrostatic pressure was measured by a modified Scholander technique. When the serum protein concentration was reduced from 6.1 to 4.8 g/100 ml, interstitial fluid protein concentration fell from 3.0 to 1.1 g/100 ml. This corresponds to a reduction of calculated oncotic pressures from 18.0 to 13.0 mm Hg and from 7.8 to 3.0 mm Hg in serum and interstitial fluid, respectively, thus leaving a nearly constant net transcapillary oncotic pressure. When serum protein concentration was further reduced to 3.8 g/100 ml, interstitial fluid protein concentration was reduced to 0.5 g/100 ml, reducing net transcapillary oncotic pressure by 2-3 mm Hg. The average hydrostatic pressure in subcutis was 1.0 mm Hg subatmospheric under control conditions and did not change during hypoproteinemia. The results indicate that a reduction of interstitial protein concentration is an important factor in preventing edema formation in hypoproteinemia.

Animals↗