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Biomedical subjects

H Ohki

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Coronary risk factors in Kawasaki disease treated with additional gammaglobulin.

AIMS: To assess the hypothesis that an additional intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) infusion, if administered early, may prevent coronary artery lesions (CAL) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who do not respond to initial IVGG therapy. METHODS: Forty four KD patients (17 with CAL and 27 without CAL), treated with additional IVGG because of persistent or recrudescent fever after initial IVGG therapy, were studied. Main outcome measures were the presence of CAL by echocardiography and the number of febrile days before and after start of additional IVGG infusion (pre- and post-additional IVGG). RESULTS: In univariate analyses, risk factors for CAL were the number of febrile days pre-additional IVGG, the number of febrile days post-additional IVGG, the number of days that initial IVGG was divided over, the white blood cell count pre- and post-additional IVGG, and the C reactive protein concentration pre-additional IVGG. In a multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor was the number of febrile days pre-additional IVGG (> or =10 days; odds ratio 7.86; 95% CI 1.44 to 42.8; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Among KD patients with persistent or recrudescent fever after initial IVGG therapy, administration of additional IVGG before the first 10 febrile days was associated with a decreased prevalence of CAL, when compared with the prevalence in those who were retreated later. An additional IVGG infusion, if administered early, may prevent CAL in initial IVGG non-responders.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2001

Immunohistochemical demonstration of chromogranin A in endocrine organs of the rat and horse by use of region-specific antibodies.

Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein that is co-stored with hormones or neurotransmitters in granular components of endocrine cells and neurons, and released together with them in response to adequate stimulation. In addition to acting as a packaging protein, CgA functions as a precursor molecule that yields several bioactive peptides by proteolytic cleavage. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how different the processing of CgA is among endocrine tissues by immunostaining using multiple region-specific antisera, and to evaluate the availability of region-specific antisera. When various endocrine organs of rats were immunostained with four region-specific antisera against rat CgA (CgA 1-28, 94-130, 296-314, and 359-389), all amine/peptide-secreting endocrine tissues except the pineal body were stained positively. The adrenal medulla and gastric endocrine cells were equally intensely immunoreactive to all four antisera, while the other endocrine tissues, represented by pancreatic islets, showed different staining patterns depending on the antiserum. These results suggest that the processing of CgA differs from tissue to tissue. An antiserum against horse CgA 335-365, corresponding to rat CgA 359-389 which shows the highest concentration in the plasma and urine of the rat, again stained all endocrine tissues of the horse except the pineal body. Therefore, the anti-horse CgA 335-365 serum is useful for immunohistochemical survey of horse CgA, and may make possible the establishment of a CgA assay system for the measurement of CgA in the plasma, urine and saliva.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

In vitro activities of a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, FK463, against a variety of clinically important fungi.

The in vitro antifungal activity and spectrum of FK463 were compared with those of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole by using a broth microdilution method specified by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M27-A (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa., 1997). FK463 exhibited broad-spectrum activity against clinically important pathogens including Candida species (MIC range, <==0.0039 to 2 microg/ml) and Aspergillus species (MIC range, <==0.0039 to 0.0313 microg/ml), and its MICs for such fungi were lower than those of the other antifungal agents tested. FK463 was also potently active against azole-resistant Candida albicans as well as azole-susceptible strains, and there was no cross-resistance with azoles. FK463 showed fungicidal activity against C. albicans, i.e., a 99% reduction in viability after a 24-h exposure at concentrations above 0.0156 microg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assays indicated that FK463 was fungicidal against most isolates of Candida species. In contrast, the MFCs of FK463 for A. fumigatus isolates were much higher than the MICs, indicating that its action is fungistatic against this species. FK463 had no activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon species, or Fusarium solani. Neither the test medium (kind and pH) nor the inoculum size greatly affected the MICs of FK463, while the addition of 4% human serum albumin increased the MICs for Candida species and A. fumigatus more than 32 times. Results from preclinical in vitro evaluations performed thus far indicate that FK463 should be a potent parenteral antifungal agent.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Studies on 8-methoxyquinolones: synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-(3-amino-4-substituted)pyrrolidinyl derivatives.

A series of 8-methoxyquinolones bearing 3-amino-4-methylpyrrolidines or 3-amino-4-fluoromethylpyrrolidines at the C-7 position was synthesized and their physicochemical and biological properties were evaluated. All of the compounds synthesized showed more potent activity than LVFX (3) against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. Increases in lipophilicity of these compounds had desirable effects on their potency of single intravenous toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles in animals. Among the compounds synthesized, 1-fluorocyclopropyl derivatives 17 and 20, and 7-(cis-3-amino-4-fluoromethylpyrrolidinyl) derivative 19 (DC-756h) showed negative responses in the micronucleus test in mice while 1-cyclopropyl-7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) derivative 16 showed a positive response. These results suggested that the introduction of a fluorine atom into the 3-aminopyrrolidinyl substituent resulted in favorable influence on genetic toxicity as well as into the N-1 cyclopropyl substituent.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prosthetic restorations with osseointegrated implants after bone grafts to correct large jaw defects caused by extraction of multi-impacted teeth: a case report.

A case is reported of a 21-year-old Japanese man examined for unerupted molar teeth on the left side of both jaws. Intraoral examination revealed edentulous regions from the second premolar to the molar, with moderate atrophy of the upper alveolar ridge. A panoramic X-ray revealed eight impacted teeth. The impacted mandibular teeth were extracted through decortication and bone replacement. The impacted maxillary teeth were extracted following reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap. The large defects caused by the extractions in both jaws were filled with autogenous cancellous marrow and bone chips. Eleven months later, in the first stage of the Branemark implant procedure, fixtures were placed in the edentulous regions of both jaws, with simultaneous additional corticocancellous block onlay bone grafting in the maxilla to correct slight resorption. After another seven months, second-stage abutment surgery was performed. Occlusion was then restored through a prosthetic procedure. Next, orthodontic treatment was commenced, using the implant supported teeth as an anchor. Despite the slight resorption in the maxilla, implantation was successful and occlusion was restored in the previously edentulous regions. This suggests that application of a simultaneous corticocancellous block onlay bone graft is a valuable basis for implant procedures in the maxilla.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Studies on 3'-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins--III. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3'-(3-aminopyrazolium) cephalosporins.

The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalos porins bearing N-mono or dialkyl and carbamoyl aminopyrazolium, and five- or six-membered rings fused to the 3-aminopyrazolium methyl groups at the 3-position, are described. Aminopyrazolium methyl cephalosporins (23e, f, i), with fused saturated and unsaturated rings were especially effective against Staphylococcus strains compared to 3-amino-2-methylpyrazolium methyl cephalosporin (1). Among the cephalosporins prepared in this work, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(4,5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinio)methyl-3-cephem-4-carbox ylate (23f) showed a good balance of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa. An imidazopyrazolium group at the 3-position in, for example, cephalosporin (23i) was particularly effective for improving antibacterial activity against MRSA.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1997

Studies on 3'-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins--IV. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3'-(2-alkyl-3-aminopyrazolium) cephalosporins related to FK037.

The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido] cephalosporins bearing various 2-alkyl-3-aminopyrazolium groups at the 3-position are described. Antibacterial activity against MRSA was affected by the nature of the substituent at the 2-position on the 3'-aminopyrazolium groups. Among the cephalosporins prepared in this study, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[3-am ino-2-(2 -hydroxyethyl)-pyrazolio]methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate sulfate (23e, FK037) showed extremely potent broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA, and Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In particular, the in vivo activity against MRSA of FK037 was the highest of all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Effect of lavage with injection of sodium hyaluronate for patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lavaging of the superior joint space with injection of sodium hyaluronate can be used as an alternative treatment method for nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint. STUDY DESIGN: In 26 patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint, the superior joint space was rinsed with 1% xylocaine, and then sodium hyaluronate was injected there (experimental group). As a control group, 50 patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint who received no treatment were used (control group). The frequency of the patients with successful clinical resolution was evaluated in each group during 6 months. RESULTS: The frequency of the patients with successful clinical resolution in the experimental group (73.1%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.0%) at the 6-month follow-up (chi-squared test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This therapy appears to represent an alternative treatment method for nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A case of hemangiopericytoma of the buccal mucosa.

We report a 46-year-old woman who presented with a hemangiopericytoma in the buccal mucosa. At the 2-year postoperative examination, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. The findings in the present case are compared with previous reports in the Japanese literature, with regard to patient age and sex, and lesion size, location, malignancy, local recurrence and metastasis.

Endothelium, Vascular↗
PubMed1996

Initiation of alveolar ridge augmentation in the rat mandible by subperiosteal implantation of octacalcium phosphate.

The study was designed to investigate the process of bone formation caused by implantation of octacalcium phosphate as well as stability of the bone formed at the alveolar ridge. Synthetic octacalcium phosphate was implanted into a subperiosteal pocket in the rat mandible. Bone formation at the alveolar ridge was examined radiographically and histologically between 1 and 48 week(s) after implantation. Radiopacity of the octacalcium phosphate implant became obvious in week 2. Osteogenesis was initiated from the bone surface near the implantation site and multinucleated giant cells appeared on the implanted octacalcium phosphate in week 1. More apposition of new bone was observed on the implanted octacalcium phosphate in week 2 or later. Some implants were directly enclosed by newly formed bone and no cellular component was seen between the implant and the bone matrix. Many octacalcium phosphate implants were enclosed by bone, whereas the augmented ridge was not seen radiographically in week 24 or later. If its persistence can be improved, octacalcium phosphate could be used to augment atrophic alveolar ridges.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Full-thickness reconstruction of cheek defect involving oral commissure with forearm tendinocutaneous flap.

An 82-year-old man underwent full-thickness reconstruction of the cheek for a defect of the oral commissure resulting from a T3N1M0 squamous cell carcinoma. He had previously had both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A tendinocutaneous flap from the forearm incorporating palmaris longus was used for static reconstruction. The vermilion was then reconstructed with rotation flaps from the contralateral vermilion. Oral function was restored, and he had no problems with drooling or speech.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Intraoral reconstruction with innervated forearm flap: a comparison of sensibility and reinnervation in innervated versus noninnervated forearm flap.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cutaneous sensibility and sensory reinnervation in patients who underwent intraoral reconstruction with an innervated or noninnervated forearm flap. STUDY DESIGN: Results of the use of innervated forearm flaps in oral reconstruction was compared with the use of noninnervated flaps. The evaluation of sensibility and reinnervation comprised clinical sensibility tests and immunohistochemical investigation of postoperative biopsy specimens against S-100 and neurofilament. RESULTS: The innervated flaps (4 patients) provided earlier and qualitatively better recovery of sensation than the noninnervated flaps (9 patients). Immunohistochemical investigation revealed the existence of a larger number of regularly arranged sensory nerve fibers in the cutaneous tissue of the innervated flaps than in the noninnervated flaps. Examination with an electron microscope found the structure of these nerve fibers to be well preserved in the innervated flaps, whereas nerve fibers in the noninnervated flaps were degenerative. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest (1) that the innervated flaps are superior to the noninnervated flaps not only for the repair of defects but also for the restoration of function and (2) that the innervated flaps contribute to the improvement of the quality of life for patients.

Adult↗