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Biomedical subjects

H Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to H Oliver.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 Tat proteins specifically interact with RNA polymerase II.

The Tat-responsive region (TAR) element is a critical RNA regulatory element in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat, which is required for activation of gene expression by the transactivator protein Tat. Recently, we demonstrated by gel-retardation analysis that RNA polymerase II binds to TAR RNA and that Tat prevents this binding even when Tat does not bind to TAR RNA. These results suggested that direct interactions between Tat and RNA polymerase II may prevent RNA polymerase II pausing and lead to Tat-mediated increases in transcriptional elongation. To test this possibility, we performed protein interaction studies with RNA polymerase II and both the HIV-1 and the closely related HIV-2 Tat protein. These studies indicated that both the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat proteins could specifically interact with RNA polymerase II. Mutagenesis of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat demonstrated that the basic domains of both the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat proteins were required for this interaction. Furthermore, "far Western" analysis suggested that the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II was the site for interaction with Tat. The interactions between Tat and RNA polymerase II were of similar magnitude to those detected between RNA polymerase II and the cellular transcription factor RAP30, which stably associates with RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation. These studies are consistent with the model that RNA polymerase II is a cellular target for Tat resulting in Tat-mediated increases in transcriptional elongation from the HIV long terminal repeat.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A healthy proposal?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Education↗
PubMed1984

Methylphenidate effects on symptoms of attention deficit disorder in adults.

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a specific diagnostic entity in adulthood; (2) to evaluate, using a double-blind crossover design, the efficacy of methylphenidate hydrochloride in adults with evidence of residual ADD with hyperactivity (ADD-H) (N = 26); and (3) to evaluate the specificity of drug response by also administering methylphenidate to patients with similar adult symptoms but no childhood history of ADD-H (N = 35). Results indicated success in differentiating relatively distinct groups. However, no overall benefit from methylphenidate was evident, regardless of childhood history of ADD-H. Approximately 25% of the sample appeared clinically to benefit from methylphenidate, but no clear-cut predictors of drug response were identified; history of drug abuse (polydrug) appeared to be the best predictor. Even among the responders, benefit was generally not as marked nor as clinically valuable as in childhood ADD-H.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Chemical composition of human milk. Influence of the nutritional status of the nursing mother].

The chemical composition of human milk obtained from 16 underweight women and 25 controls collected at four, eight and 12 weeks of lactation, was determined in order to assess the effect of maternal nutrition upon milk quality. No meaningful differences were observed for protein, lactose, energy, calcium, iron and copper contents. The values obtained are comparable to those reported in the literature from developed countries. As to Zn content, both groups exhibited decreased values with time, with significant higher values for the controls at the 12th week of observation. Magnesium showed exactly the opposite behavior. On the basis of the present study, it is concluded that maternal nutrition does not condition important changes in the chemical composition of human milk. The authors propose the application of comparable methodologic and analytical criteria, in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the relationships between maternal nutrition and lactation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

Comparative effects of induced hypotension and normovolaemic haemodilution on blood loss in total hip arthroplasty.

The effects of deliberate hypotension and normovolaemic haemodilution on operative blood loss were studied in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Thirty patients were anaesthetized with halothane-nitrous oxide, and assigned to one of three groups. In group I, mean arterial pressure was decreased to 55 mm Hg by sodium nitroprusside. In group II, 23 +/- 2 ml/kg of blood was withdrawn just before the surgical procedure and replaced by twice volume with 4% albumin and Ringer lactate solution. The shed blood was reinfused at the end of the surgical procedure. In group III, the blood replacement was equal to blood loss and this group served as control. Intraoperative blood losses were 1050 +/- 185 ml and 900 +/- 130 ml in the autotransfused and control groups, respectively, and 320 +/- ml in the hypotensive group. However, the total red cell loss was significantly less in the hypotensive and autotransfused groups than in the control group. No complications occurred any of the three groups. Deliberate hypotension was the most effective means of reducing intraoperative bleeding and the time for this procedure was shorter than for normovolaemic haemodilution combined with autotransfusion.

Hematocrit↗