Biomedical subjects

H Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to H Onodera.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain.

We investigated the protective effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain using a transient focal ischemia model in rats. In CsA-treated rats, ischemic brain edema formation 1 day after reperfusion in the cerebral cortex perfused by the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and infarct size were decreased compared with those in olive oil treated control rats. These results suggest that CsA is beneficial in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly by the suppression of immunological reactions.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1992

Promoting effects of 6-mercaptopurine on carcinogenesis in various organs of F344 rats.

Possible promoting effects of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on carcinogenesis in various organs, including the hematopoietic system, were investigated in female F344 rats, using a 2-stage carcinogenesis model. 6-MP was given as a dietary supplement (50 ppm) for 35 weeks subsequent to wide-spectrum initiation with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Various tumors were observed in the carcinogen-initiated groups. No significant influence of 6-MP on their development, including the occurrence of leukemia, was apparent. However, the incidences of some proliferative lesions in the lung, intestine and kidney were slightly higher in the ENU/6-MP group than the ENU group. Further studies may be needed on promoting effects of 6-MP, based on dose-effect relation using several 6-MP doses and/or other initiators.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Possible involvement of interleukin-1 in ischemic brain edema formation.

To determine the contribution of interleukin 1 (IL-1) on ischemic brain edema formation, the effect of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (rhIL-1 beta), or zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) as an IL-1 blocker, on brain edema was studied in rats. The animals were subjected to 60 min of ischemia in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Immediately after reperfusion, rhIL-1 beta at a dose of 10 ng/2 microliters, or ZnPP at doses of 1 and 10 micrograms/2 microliters were topically applied into lateral cerebroventricle. In rhIL-1 beta-treated rats, ischemic brain edema formation was significantly increased in the dorsal and ventral areas of the caudate putamen 24 h after reperfusion, compared to that of vehicle-treated control rats. Furthermore, in ZnPP-treated rats, brain edema was decreased in both caudate-putamen areas. This suggests that IL-1 plays an important role in pathogenesis for post-ischemic brain edema.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Regional variations in particulate cyclic AMP dependent-protein kinase binding activity in the gerbil hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia by [3H]cyclic AMP binding.

Changes in the binding of [3H]cyclic AMP as an indicator of particulate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMP-DPK) binding activity following transient forebrain ischemia were studied in the gerbil using in vitro autoradiography. [3H]Cyclic AMP binding in the strata pyramidale and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampal CA1, the stratum pyramidale of the CA3, and the dentate gyrus decreased transiently in the early postischemic phase but then recovered. However, [3H]cyclic AMP binding in the strata pyramidale and radiatum of the CA1, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the upper layer of the cortex decreased again 7 days after ischemia. In the CA4 subfield and the lower layer of the cortex, the binding showed no significant alterations after ischemia. Administration of pentobarbital prior to the induction of ischemia prevented the decrease in [3H]cyclic AMP binding in the CA1 subfield 6 h and 7 days after ischemia, and showed protective effects against neuronal death of the CA1 pyramidal cells 7 days after ischemia. These results indicate that marked alteration of intracellular signal transduction precedes neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Furthermore, postischemic reduction of [3H]cyclic AMP binding in the histologically intact cerebral cortex, CA3, and dentate gyrus may be the reflection of cellular dysfunction after energy failure.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The role of GTP binding proteins in ischemic brain damage: autoradiographic and histopathological study.

Cerebral ischemia produces perturbation of signal transduction systems in neurons. In order to estimate the contribution of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) to hippocampal neuronal death, the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) on the CA1 pyramidal cell damage after transient forebrain ischemia in rats was examined. PTX was administered 3 days before 20 min of transient forebrain ischemia. PTX injection into the CA1 subfield failed to alter the number of ischemic-damaged CA1 pyramidal cells. In contrast, ventricular PTX injection exacerbated CA1 pyramidal cell damage. We also studied postischemic alteration of GTP binding sites in the hippocampal formation using quantitative in vitro autoradiography. Autoradiographic imaging demonstrated predominant distribution of GTP binding sites in synaptic areas in the hippocampus. No significant change of GTP binding activity was observed in the hippocampus until 2 days after recirculation. Seven days after ischemia, when the CA1 pyramidal cells were depleted, the GTP binding sites of the strata oriens and radiatum in the CA1 subfield had reduced by 32% and 31%, respectively. In contrast, GTP binding in the CA3 subfield and the dentate gyrus remained unaltered throughout the reperfusion period. These results suggest that the amount of G-proteins as estimated by GTP binding remained unaltered in the hippocampus during the early recirculation period, when the CA1 pyramidal cells were morphologically intact, and that signal transduction pathways mediated by Gi and Go do not play a major role in delayed death of the CA1 pyramidal cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Decreased expression of neurotrophin-3 mRNA in the rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia.

The expression profile of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) mRNA in the rat hippocampus after forebrain ischemia was investigated by Northern blot and S1 nuclease protection analyses. The NT-3 transcripts in the hippocampus immediately decreased after ischemic insult, became undetectable within 3 h and remained at undetectable levels for at least 7 days. In contrast, the expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA transiently increased both in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus. These results suggest that brain ischemia triggers dynamic changes in gene expression including a neurotrophic factor, which may cause functional and/or morphological changes of the neuronal network.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effects of aging on signal transmission and transduction systems in the gerbil brain: morphological and autoradiographic study.

The Mongolian gerbil was used as a model of aging because of its relatively short lifespan, genetic homogeneity and the fact that data had been collected previously. Furthermore, gerbils have been widely used in biomedical investigations of stroke and epilepsy. Age-related differences in signal transmission and transduction systems were investigated in brains of three-, 11- and 21-month-old gerbils by morphological and in vitro receptor autoradiographic studies. Morphometric analysis revealed a decreased number of neurons in layer III of the occipital cortex and also a decrease in cerebellar Purkinje cells in 21-month-old animals. However, no statistical differences were observed in the hippocampal formation, the dorsolateral striatum and layer III of the frontal cortex. Autoradiography was used to map muscarinic cholinergic (labeled with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate), serotonin2 ([3H]spiperone), dopamine D2 ([3H]spiperone), adenosine A1 ([3H]cyclohexyladenosine), GABAA ([3H]muscimol), naloxone ([3H]naloxone), protein kinase C ([3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate), adenylate cyclase ([3H]forskolin), cyclic AMP ([3H]cyclic AMP) and L-type Ca2+ channels ([3H]PN200-110). Muscarinic cholinergic receptor and protein kinase C, cyclic AMP and L-type Ca2+ channels were significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex and/or in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus in the 21-month-old group. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor and L-type Ca2+ channel binding sites were significantly reduced in the dentate gyrus. In contrast, protein kinase C was increased in this area in the 21-month-old group. Also, naloxone binding sites were increased in the CA3 subfield, hilus, dentate gyrus and molecular layer of the cerebellum in the 11- and 21-month-old groups. Muscarinic cholinergic, serotonin2 and dopamine D2 receptors and adenylate cyclase were significantly decreased in the striatum. On the other hand, adenosine A1 and GABAA receptors remained unchanged in the 21-month-old group. Although age-related histopathological abnormalities were only observed in the occipital cortex and in the cerebellum, alterations of signal transmission and transduction systems were noticed in all areas examined (e.g. cerebral cortex, CA1 subfield, dentate gyrus and striatum). These data indicate that changes in these receptors and binding sites may be related to dysfunction of learning and memory and to the loss of motor function. The aged gerbil model is a good system for studying aging and is of value for simulating aging after epilepsy and stroke.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

Alteration in the immunoreactivity of the calcineurin subunits after ischemic hippocampal damage.

Dephosphorylation processes of target proteins are critical to the reversible regulation of intracellular signal transduction systems. Further, brain damage such as ischemic insult induces marked changes in protein kinase activity. To study these changes more thoroughly, specific monoclonal antibodies of the A and B subunits of calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) were raised, and regional alterations in the immunoreactivity of calcineurin in the rat hippocampus were investigated after a transient forebrain ischemic insult causing selective and delayed hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell damage. In normal rats it was found that both the calcineurin A and the B subunits showed high immunoreactivity in the dendritic fields of the hippocampal formation. The immunoreactivity of subunit A in the strata oriens, the radiatum of the CA1 subfield and in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 subfield was most intense, whereas the immunoreactivity in the other CA3 subfields and in the dentate gyrus was relatively low. In contrast, the dendritic fields of the hippocampal formation were equally immunoreactive to calcineurin subunit B, although the stratum lucidum of the CA3, where the mossy fibers from the dentate granule cells terminate, showed a very high immunoreactivity of the B subunit. After transient forebrain ischemia in the CA1 subfield, where selective pyramidal cell death occurred two days after this ischemia, a marked loss of immunoreactivity in both subunits was observed, along with morphological pyramidal cell damage. A recovery of the immunoreactivity of A and B subunits in the strata oriens and radiatum was later noted 30 days after ischemia. In the stratum lucidum of the CA3, the immunoreactivity of both the A and B subunits was transiently depressed from 6 to 24 h, followed by a marked immunoreactivity enhancement from four to 30 days after ischemia. Further, in the histologically intact dentate gyrus, both the immunoreactivity of the A and B subunits in the molecular layer were transiently enhanced from four to 14 days after ischemia, particularly in the supragranular layer. The results clearly indicate that the protein dephosphorylation systems were markedly altered in the whole hippocampal formation during the recirculation period following ischemia. Further, the transient depression in the calcineurin immunoreactivity seen in the mossy fiber terminals may reflect modulated synaptic activity of the dentate granule cells, which may play a pivotal role in the delayed and selective death of the CA1 pyramidal cells. Thus, calcineurin appears to be an excellent marker enzyme for the detection of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity after brain damage, such as an ischemic insult.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effects of hyperthermia on the effectiveness of MK-801 treatment in the gerbil hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia.

The effects of dizocilipine maleate (MK-801), a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/channel antagonist, were tested on the dysfunction of neurotransmitter and signal transduction systems and morphological damage 7 days after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Neurotransmitter system (adenosine A1, muscarinic cholinergic receptor) and signal transduction system (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor: IP3, protein kinase C: PKC, L-type calcium channels) binding sites were mapped by in vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography. All ligands used in the present study decreased significantly in the CA1 subfield 7 days after ischemia. In normothermic animals, pretreatment with MK-801 failed to protect against decreased receptor binding in the hippocampus 7 days after ischemia. Moreover, in a morphological study, pre- and posttreatment of MK-801 failed to show protective effects against ischemic neuronal damage. On the other hand, pretreatment of MK-801, without maintaining body temperature, prevented the neuronal death of CA1 subfield 7 days after ischemia. These results weaken the hypothesis that NMDA receptor/channel may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Histopathological prediction of liver metastasis after curative resection of colorectal cancer.

To estimate the risk of liver metastasis after curative resection of colorectal cancer, resected specimens from 290 patients (45 with metachronous liver metastasis) were examined and the relationships between 10 histopathological variables and liver metastasis were analysed using our application of the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Of the 10 variables examined, the depth of venous invasion (Vd) had the greatest prognostic value for metastasis, followed by the number of venous invasions, the number of lymphovascular invasions, lymph node metastasis and type of infiltration. The prediction of liver metastasis was further improved by combining Vd with lymphocyte infiltration, mucinous production, interstitial fibrosis or depth of penetration, although these four variables per se were minimally informative for metastasis. We conclude that the prediction of liver metastasis is best achieved by combining Vd with other variables. Our risk group classification, and the estimated probability of liver metastasis for each group, are shown.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Correlation between cataract and retinopathy due to lighting in F344 rats used in a long-term carcinogenicity study.

Correlations between light intensity of animal room lighting and both cataract and retinopathy of rats were examined, and relationships between the cataract and the retinopathy were further investigated. Seventy-nine male rats and 106 female rats surviving to the end of a 2-yr carcinogenicity study of monosodium succinate were used in this investigation. Animals were housed in polycarbonate cages, each containing 4 rats, with wire lids and hardwood chips for bedding and with a 12-h light/dark cycle. Individual groups comprising 13 cages were inserted into 3 by 5 cage hanging type racks. Light intensity was measured at the bottom (on the bedding) of individual cages. Statistically, both the incidence of cataracts and the severity of retinopathy were closely related to light intensity. The incidence of cataracts in males was significantly higher than that in females, while no sex difference was observed for the severity of retinopathy. Meanwhile, no differences in either the incidence of cataracts or the severity of retinopathy were observed between the monosodium succinate-treated and control groups and between the right and left eyes. While the occurrences of retinopathy and cataract were strongly associated, our results indicated that retinopathy occurs more frequently than cataracts, and thus the retina appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of lighting.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Threshold dose dependence in phenobarbital promotion of rat hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosamine.

The dose-response of phenobarbital (PB) promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats was investigated. Male F344 rats were given 1, 4, 16, 75, 300 or 1200 p.p.m. PB solutions given ad libitum as their drinking water for 39 weeks following initiation with a single i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (100 mg/kg). At week 40, the incidence of hepatic tumors was increased clearly in the DEN + PB groups given 300 p.p.m. PB or above, as compared to that in the group given DEN only. Linear dose-response curves for numbers and sizes of enzyme-altered hepatic foci (gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase or placental glutathione S-transferase positive foci) were obtained in the dose range 16-1200 p.p.m. PB. The minimum promoting dose level of PB for enzyme-altered foci, estimated from dose-response curves by the Logit model, was calculated to be 15-23 p.p.m. Thus while dose dependence was demonstrated over a large range, a threshold was evident at low doses.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Temporal profiles of nerve growth factor beta-subunit level in rat brain regions after transient ischemia.

To determine the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in ischemic brain damage, we measured the temporal and regional changes in the level of NGF in the hippocampal subfields, the cerebral cortex, the striatum, and the septum at 1, 2, 7, and 30 days after transient forebrain ischemia using a highly sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay system for the beta-subunit of mouse 7S NGF (beta-NGF). We also analyzed glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the hippocampus to ascertain the contribution of reactive astrocytes to NGF production after an ischemic insult. In the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, the level of beta-NGF decreased slightly 2 days after ischemia (not significant), at which time CA1 pyramidal cell loss began to occur, and increased by 40% 30 days after ischemia (p less than 0.05). A marked increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes in the CA1 subfield 2-30 days after ischemia suggests that the reactive astrocytes participated in a gradual increase in the level of beta-NGF after recirculation. The level of beta-NGF in the dentate gyrus decreased transiently 2 days (p less than 0.05) and 7 days (p less than 0.01) after ischemia, followed by recovery to the level of control animals 30 days after ischemia. The level of beta-NGF in the septum gradually decreased 7 days (-27%, p less than 0.05) and 30 days (-43%, p less than 0.01) after ischemia. The levels of beta-NGF in the cerebral cortex and striatum remained unaltered throughout the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Expression of 5-HT3 receptors in PC12 cells treated with NGF and 8-Br-cAMP.

1. To determine the functional development of neurons, we applied nerve growth factor (NGF) or 8-bromo-cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) to PC12 cells and recorded the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced response by the use of a patch-clamp technique. 2. Cultured PC12 cells expressed 5-HT-sensitive receptors, which are almost absent in untreated cells, in the continuous presence of NGF or 8-Br-cAMP for a period of 10 days. 3. Activation of the receptors by 5-HT produced a transient inward current. In a K(+)-free solution, the reversal potential (E5-HT) of I5-HT was +10.3 mV, and the current-voltage (I-V) relation showed inward rectification at positive potentials. 4. The permeability ratio for monovalent cations was Na+:Li+:K+:Rb+:Cs+ = 1:1.19:0.89:0.94:0.91, indicating that a 5-HT-induced current is passing through the ligand-gated large cation channel. 5. 2-Methyl-5-HT, a specific 5-HT3 agonist, induced a similar inward current, even though the current amplitude was smaller and the activation and inactivation kinetics were slower than those of 5-HT. 6. ICS-205-930, a specific 5-HT3 antagonist, inhibited the 5-HT-induced current in a concentration-dependent manner with a noncompetitive inhibition profile. Spiperone, a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 families antagonist, and ketanserine, 5-HT2 family antagonist, did not affect the 5-HT-induced response. 7. The time to peak (tp) as well as fast and slow time constants (tau if and tau is) decreased with increasing 5-HT concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗

PubMed1992

Tumor-promoting effects of both iodine deficiency and iodine excess in the rat thyroid.

Thyroid tumor-promoting effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess were investigated in a rodent 2-stage model to estimate an optimal iodine intake range that would not effectively promote development of thyroid neoplasia. Six-week-old male F344 rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of 2,800 mg/kg body weight N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-nitrosamine (DHPN) or saline vehicle, maintained on Remington's iodine-deficient diet (21 +/- 2 ng/g iodide), and supplemented with various amounts of potassium iodide up to 260 mg/liter in drinking water to generate conditions ranging from severe iodine deficiency to severe iodine excess. In DHPN-treated rats, both conditions significantly increased thyroid follicular tumorigenesis. In DHPN-untreated rats, iodine deficiency produced diffuse thyroid hyperplasia, characterized by small follicles with tall epithelium and reduced colloid, together with a decrease in thyroxine (T4) and an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). On the other hand, iodine excess produced colloid goiter, characterized by large follicles with flat epithelium and abundant colloid admixed with normal or small-sized follicles lined by epithelium of normal height, together with normal serum T4 and slightly decreased TSH. These effects were directly proportional to the severity of iodine deficiency or extent of iodine excess and suggest that each condition has a different thyroid tumor promotion mechanism. Iodine intakes that showed the least tumor promotion were 2.6 and 9.7 micrograms/rat/day in this study. Promoting mechanisms and the problem of statistically estimating recommended daily iodine intake range are briefly discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Twenty-eight day repeated dose toxicity test of dihepthyl phthalate in F344 rats].

A twenty-eight day repeated oral dose toxicity test of dihepthyl phthalate (DHP) was carried out in male and female F344 rats at the dose levels of 0, 0.2, 1 and 5 g/kg/day. All rats in each group, consisting of 5 males and 5 females, received a daily intragastric administration of DHP for 28 days. Additional two groups of animals exposed to dose levels of 0 and 5 g/kg were used for investigation of subsequent recovery for 2 weeks. No animals died during the administration period. Inhibition of body weight gain was observed in both sexes of the 5 g/kg group. Blood biochemistry revealed significant increases in albumin and A/G ratio in males of the groups treated with 0.2 g/kg or more, and in albumin and total protein in females treated with 1 g/kg or more. In the 5 g/kg group, BUN, GOT, GPT, ALP and Zn was increased in males, and GOT in females. The increases in GOT, GPT and ALP were also observed in males of the 1 g/kg group. Increases in liver and kidney weights were noted in both sexes treated with 1 g/kg or more and in males of the 5 g/kg group, respectively. Testicular weight was decreased in the 5 g/kg group. On histopathological examination, swelling and necrosis of hepatocytes were found in males of the 1 and 5 g/kg groups. Males of the 5 g/kg group showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules accompanied with loss of spermatogenesis. In the recovery group, similar changes were detected in the testis, but some of the seminiferous tubules showed slight regenerative changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

[Complement system in status asthmatics--analysis of anti-complementary effects induced by methylprendisolone].

Complement system was investigated in 7 patients with status asthmatics treated with large doses of methylprednisolone (MPS). Complement hemolytic activities, complement protein profile, complement fragments and circulating immune complexes were measured before, 3 and 8 hours after and 14 days after MPS administration. MPS normalized C4 and C1INH activities 6 hours after administration. MPS also decreased ACH50 6 hours after administration and D activity 3 and 6 hours after, but these activities recovered to their previous normal range within 14 days. P and H were decreased at each measurement time, and C1s was transiently decreased 6 hours after MPS administration. Complement fragment iC3b was increased at each measurement time, but fragment Bb tended to be decreased 14 days after MPS administration. The increment of anaphylatoxin C3a recovered to normal 14 days after MPS administration. In vitro experiments, MPS inhibited D and C1s activation directly, and decreased the decay of B and C4. Inhibition of C1s might also increase C1INH activity clinically. These results clarified that the alternative complement pathway was activated, and suggested that the C1 bypass pathway might be also activated in status asthmatics. It was further considered that these anti-complementary effects induced by MPS, brought about an improvement in asthmatic symptoms. Studies to identify the complement activators continued, and circulating immune complexes may possibly be one of those agents activating complement cascade.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Failure of basic fibroblast growth factor to prevent postischemic neuronal damage in the rat.

It has been reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can increase neuronal survival and neurite extension, and that it further antagonizes the excitotoxicity of glutamate in in vitro hippocampal neurons. We examined the effects of bFGF on neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia. Rats were subjected to 20 min of cerebral ischemia in a four vessel occlusion model. Thirty minutes before induction of ischemia, bFGF (0.3-300 nM) or bFGF (300 nM) with heparin was applied to the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Morphological changes in the CA1 subfield were evaluated 7 days after ischemia and compared with those in the vehicle-injected group. A single injection of bFGF did not prevent postischemic neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1, but these results do not rule out an effect of bFGF on neuronal damage after ischemia.

Animals↗