Biomedical subjects

H Orn

Publications and source records attributed to H Orn.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Schizophrenia: sociocultural factors.

Social factors in an incidence by first admission group of forty-three carefully rediagnosed schizophrenic patients, who were the subject of a long term follow-up, were examined. The findings were: -- Schizophrenics are predominantly lower social class -- Drift from higher to lower social class prior to the onset of illness was not substantiated -- Families of origin were predominantly lower social class -- Patients were likely to have lower grade occupations than their fathers despite both frequently being lower social class -- An excess of urban resident patients, but many of them came from rural resident families -- Immigrants as a whole are not over-represented -- Minority immigrant groups and minority language groups were over-represented -- "At risk" immigrant profile is: male, single, recent immigrant, eastern European origin, non-English speaking, poorly educated, in a lower grade occupation than his father.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Schizophrenia: Schneider's first-rank symptoms and outcome.

The files of a narrowly defined group fo schizophrenic patients, admitted to hospital for the first time in their lives in 1963, and who were representative of cases from a large un-selected population, were examined for Schneider's first-rank symptoms. Forty-three such patients were followed-up in 1977. Using stepwise regression, it was found that Schneider's first-rank symptoms relate to outcome such that they can "explain" from 17 per cent of 26 per cent of the variance on four outcome measures. The presence of some first-rank symptoms correlated positively with good outcome, others negatively, whilst some correlated differently with different outcome measures. Thus, assessment of only the presence, absence or number of first-rank symptoms is unlikely to relate to outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Prediction of long-term outcome from presenting symptoms in schizophrenia.

The relationship between presenting psychopathological features and long-term outcome, in an incidence by first admission group of 43 schizophrenic patients from northern Alberta, followed up 14 years later, is examined. The symptoms examined for predictive ability were those on the New Haven Schizophrenia Index. Outcome was assessed on scales reflecting economic, social and psychiatric adjustment, summed for a combined score. Multiple regression analyses of the presenting NHSI symptoms to the outcome measures showed correlations of .60-.66, thus explaining statistically about 40% of the outcome variance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Schizophrenia: diagnostic criteria and outcome.

The files of a cohort of schizophrenic patients who were admitted to hospital for the first time in their lives in 1963, and who were representative of cases in a large unselected population, were examined , first by exclusion criteria, and then by the diagnostic criteria of Schneider's first-rank symptoms, Feighner et al's criteria, and the New Haven Schizophrenia Index (NHSI). Forty-three such cases were found who were schizophrenic on at least two sets of criteria, and who were followed up in 1977. Examination of the outcome showed no relationship with FRS presence or absence or number of first-rank symptoms, nor with the NHSI score, but did show a relationship to the Feighner et al criteria and an even stronger relationship to a simple score derived from these criteria.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Prognosis in schizophrenia. Prognostic predictors and outcome.

Eighty-eight of 92 first-admission schizophrenics from 1963, an incidence by first admission cohort, were followed up in 1974 and 1975. Epidemiologically the sample was more comparable to lower European rates and expectancy rather than to higher American figures. Prior to follow-up, factors said to predict outcome were scored. This prognostic information was complete for 79 cases. Outcome was measured on a variety of criteria. The patients fell into a "poor prognosis" group based on the prognostic indicators, which were of little value in predicting prognosis within this group. However, patients who received extensive service during the follow-up period had poorer outcomes. Outcome was better than in most earlier studies of schizophrenia, but similar to that in some other recent studies of first-admission patients; also, the use of phenothiazines, short-term hospitalization, and community services may play a part. The failure of prognostic indicators to predict more than about 25% of the outcome variance for this group of "poor prognosis" patients supports the viewpoint that "good" and "poor" prognosis schizophrenia are two different entities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

14-year outcome in early schizophrenia.

Of 45 first admission schizophrenics from 1963, an incidence by first admission group for northern Alberta, 43 were followed-up 14 years later. Based on these figures the expectancy was found to be 0.49%. The proportion of patients who were married was less than expected in comparison with the general population, but amongst the married, fertility was probably comparable to the population's. At follow-up about half the patients were managing well with little or no disability, one quarter had moderate to marked disability and the remainder were socially, psychiatrically and occupationally disabled. From the time of first admission, patients had spent an average of 15% of their time in hospital and lost 28% of the total time due to psychiatric disability.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Prognosis in schizophrenia. A ten-year follow-up of first admissions.

Eighty-eight of 92 first admission schizophrenics from 1963, being an incidence by first admission cohort, were followed up between 1974 and 1975. Fifty-eight percent were reported as showing no social or intellectural deficit, and only 8% were unremitting institutionalized, with 51% being considered as having normal economic productivity, and 69% with a good or fair social adjustment. Despite difficulties in comparison, birth, marriage, and divorce rates appear to be not very different from those for the general population, although the percentage of married patients is lower. Deaths would seem greater than expected. Possible reasons for the improved prognosis in schizophrenia are considered to be short initial hospitalization, almost universal use of phenothiazines, use of developing community services (social and psychiatric), and generally good econimic conditions.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of methods of scoring the General Health Questionnaire.

The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been criticized for failing to detect individuals with chronic symptoms due to its focus on recent changes in one's usual state. Using data from a community survey in Edmonton, Canada, in which 3,258 subjects completed the 30-item GHQ and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), the traditional method of scoring the GHQ was compared to a revised method proposed by Goodchild and Duncan-Jones. A case was defined to be someone with a history in the preceding month of one or more of the following DIS/DSM-III disorders: major depressive episode, phobia, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. A receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated no difference in the two methods of scoring the GHQ.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric disorders, spouse abuse and child abuse.

The results of 2000 standardized psychiatric diagnostic interviews of randomly selected adult household residents of Edmonton showed that having had any psychiatric diagnosis increased the risk for being involved in spouse and child abuse, particularly for those with alcohol abuse/dependence plus anti-social personality or depression. Altogether 56% of spouse abusers and 69% of child abusers had a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis.

Adult↗