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Biomedical subjects

H Otto

Publications and source records attributed to H Otto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The so-called pituitary snuff-taker's lung. A case contribution].

A 37-year-old woman who had developed diabetes insipidus after an abortion, requiring nasal substitution treatment with desmopressin (Minirin), began to suffer from fatigue, nocturnal sweating, cough and dyspnoea on exertion. Exogenous-allergic alveolitis was demonstrated by chest x-ray, lung function tests, blood gas analysis, broncho-alveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. After changing the treatment to an intramuscularly administered preparation and starting steroid therapy the clinical, radiological and lung function findings rapidly improved.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

[Glucagon as an adjuvant to infusion cholecysto-cholangiography].

The effect of glucagon on the results of intravenous cholangio-cholecystography (IVC) was studied in a randomised trial on 246 patients. The injection of 1 mg. glucagon increased the speed of contrast excretion from the liver. This led to a significantly quicker demonstration of the gallbladder, with a tendency to more rapid filling of the biliary ducts. In patients with hyperbilirubinaemia there were somewhat fewer negative cholangiograms and significantly fewer negative cholecystograms. Considering the patients as a whole, the use of glucagon has the advantage of reducing the time taken for the examination and of a reduction of negative IVCs. Since glucagon has practically no side effects, our experience suggests that it can be recommended as an adjuvant to IVC. Improvements in IVCs are particularly significant since they are now only used for special indications.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1987

Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. An immunohistochemical study.

Five carcinoid tumors of the thymus were screened immunohistochemically for the occurrence of neuropeptides (ACTH, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, gastrin, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P), as well as of serotonin, chromogranin A, and neuron-specific enolase. Most of the patients exhibited local symptoms evoked by growing tumor masses in the upper mediastinum without any clinical evidence of endocrine activity. Light and electron microscopic examination showed characteristic uniform large epithelial cells in polar or palisade arrangement, containing variable amounts of electron-dense secretory granules. Only a few of the tested neuropeptide antisera reacted with the investigated tumors. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cell populations were seen in all tumors. Expression of neurotensin could be observed in three neoplasms, two of which also exhibited ACTH immunoreactivity. Chromogranin A-immunoreactive cells were found in two neoplasms. Neuron-specific enolase showed strong staining in three tumors, one of the tumors also being immunoreactive for calcitonin. The results were confirmed by control reactions. Apart from the demonstration that conventional marker proteins are not reliable in identifying all carcinoid tumors, the present study proves that the visualization of neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells in thymus carcinoids does not necessarily correspond to the manifestation of the clinical symptoms. Furthermore, each of the investigated neoplasms, as also known from other carcinoid tumors, appears to be able to produce more than one hormone.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical testing of a new blood glucose measuring system. A cooperative study at 8 centers].

The glucometer II system is a small measurement device with built-in batch-specific pressbutton calibration. The corresponding test strip "Glucostix" uses a two-color system. The blood glucose test strip can be evaluated both visually and by instrument. The precision determined in series was between 2.0% and 6.7% using control sera. The day-to-day precision was between 1.5% and 7.9%. Comparison of the methods on the basis of 781 and 109 capillary blood samples respectively revealed a good agreement between the hexokinase method or the glucose oxidase method (Beckman analyser) and the glucometer II values. The precision of measurement by the system was comparable in the two test strip batches employed. Visual reading of the test strips revealed a good agreement with the laboratory method in the hypoglycemic and normoglycemic range; at higher concentrations of blood glucose, a trend to underestimation of the measurement values was shown. The easy handling and small size of the instrument facilitates measurement of blood glucose by the patient under everyday conditions.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Qualitative survey analysis of thin layers of tissue samples. Heavy metal traces in human lung tissue.

A special X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method has been used for the analyses of thin layers of tissue samples. This method [called Total-Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF)] gives qualitative information about numerous trace elements of physiological and environmental interest. Microtome cuts of frozen lung tissue samples are placed on quartz glass targets and excited to X-ray fluorescence by the primary beam of a molybdenum tube. This method is of interest due to the very short time needed for sampling, sample preparation and simultaneous measurement. It could be a helpful procedure in pathological and occupational medicine if a decision has to be made as to whether or not a tissue sample is extremely dust loaden.

Dust↗
PubMed1987

[Arthrography of the knee today].

The role of knee arthrography today is demonstrated and technical problems are discussed. Among many variants the position of the patient and the choice of contrast media play a great part in the result of the examination. Mild complications occur in 0.25% of the examinations, severe and life threatening complications are extremely rare. Diagnosis of meniscal lesions is most important for knee arthrography; arthroscopy and arthrography are complementary examinations and not mutually exclusive: combined they achieve an accuracy of 97-98%. In the same way arthrography is able to evaluate condropathy of the femoro-tibial joint, whereas accuracy of arthroscopy in the diagnosis of patellar chondropathy is much higher. Arthrography is very reliable in the evaluation of lesions of the capsule, but accuracy in lesions of the cruciate ligaments is low. Arthrography is very suitable for evaluation of Baker's-cysts, since the likelihood of threatened internal derangement of the knee is assessable. Knee arthrography is a complex and safe procedure causing very little discomfort to the patient; it has a central position in the evaluation of lesions of the knee.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1987

[Benign and malignant breast tumors with squamous cell differentiation].

Three epidermal tumors with squamous celled differentiation are described. Two appeared as epidermoid cysts, the other was a squamous cell carcinoma in a 100 year old female patient. Epidermoid cysts of the breast are rare compared to lesions occurring in other regions of the human body. They are important, since malignant transformation is possible in 0.5 to 19 per cent of the patients. The mode of origin of squamous cell carcinomas is either metaplastic change in duct epithelium of the nipple or transformation of fibroadenomas or other, malignant tumors. Preoperative differentiation between benign and malignant epithelial cysts is almost impossible. Therefore local excision is the best treatment, since benign cysts, treated only by needle aspiration usually recur. Malignant cysts are best treated by radical amputation, because irradiation and chemotherapy are ineffective in the treatment of squamous celled lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Trace analysis to determine heavy metal load in lung tissue. A contribution to substantiation of occupational hazards.

A routine method to determine the presence of partly environmentally relevant trace elements Al, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in lung tissue is described. The stages of process are preparation of samples conforming to the analysis material, decomposition, and subsequent trace determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained from 125 samples show that chemical analysis is an effective aid in identifying and substantiating occupational risks.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1986

[Value of plain x-ray procedures in the diagnosis of ocular muscle paralysis].

Out of 444 patients with paralysis of the eye muscles 187 were examined by plain X-ray films, 144 of were reviewed in order to address the question, whether the X-ray examination was able to elucidate etiology and pathogenesis of the paralysis. Of 444 patients we found positive results in only 14 per cent. Among traumatic, tumorous or inflammatory lesions we found positive results in 47 to 84 per cent of the patients, so that there was reasonable influence on the following diagnostic procedure. Plain films were rarely able to establish a definite diagnosis suitable for therapy. By comparison, computed tomography delivers additional information, so that special procedures could be omitted. In spite of that plain films of the skull should be the first step of the diagnostic algorithm, because they give the right direction to the subsequent expensive procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Papillomavirus DNA in human tongue carcinomas.

Seven biopsies from different carcinomas of the tongue were analyzed for human papilloma virus (HPV) sequences by Southern blot analysis. After hybridization with various types of human papilloma viruses, 3 tumors were found to be positive. Whereas DNA from one tumor hybridized with HPV 2 DNA under conditions of high stringency, the 2 other positive biopsies contained HPV 16 DNA. All positive tumors revealed high copy numbers of the respective DNA. The cleavage pattern of the HPV-2-positive tumor differed from the established HPV 2 prototypes. Minor differences from the HPV 16 prototype were also noted in one of the HPV-16-positive tongue carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

Pathology of pleural mesothelioma.

Macroscopic and microscopic details of benign and malignant mesotheliomas are discussed in connection with indications for localization and frequency. Of special significance are malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura and the peritoneum resulting from exposure to asbestos which had often taken place several decades earlier. It is especially important to objectify the exposure to asbestos by means of histological and pulmonary dust investigations in those cases where the occupational anamnesis is vague or questionable.

Asbestos↗